Ação Educativa

ABSTRACT We propose a new and direct measure of investor attention using search frequency in Google (Search Volume Index (SVI)). In a sample of Russell 3000 stocks from 2004 to 2008, we find that SVI (1) is correlated with but different from existing proxies of investor attention; (2) captures investor attention in a more timely fashion and (3) likely measures the attention of retail investors. An increase in SVI predicts higher stock prices in the next 2 weeks and an eventual price reversal within the year. It also contributes to the large first‐day return and long‐run underperformance of IPO stocks.

In “Heterosexualism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System” (Lugones 2007), I proposed to read the relation between the colonizer and the colonized in terms of gender, race, and sexuality. By this I did not mean to add a gendered reading and a racial reading to the already understood colonial relations. Rather I proposed a rereading of modern capitalist colonial modernity itself. This is because the colonial imposition of gender cuts across questions of ecology, economics, government, relations with the spirit world, and knowledge, as well as across everyday practices that either habituate us to take care of the world or to destroy it. I propose this framework not as an abstraction from lived experience, but as a lens that enables us to see what is hidden from our understandings of both race and gender and the relation of each to normative heterosexuality.

Policies must keep pace with new ideas about what, when, and how teachers learn and must focus on developing schools' and teachers' capacities to be responsible for student learning.

Over the last decade, significant effort has been devoted to the applications of hierarchically structured porous materials owing to their outstanding properties such as high surface area, excellent accessibility to active sites, and enhanced mass transport and diffusion. The hierarchy of porosity, structural, morphological and component levels in these materials is key for their high performance in all kinds of applications. The introduction of hierarchical porosity into materials has led to a significant improvement in the performance of materials. Herein, recent progress in the applications of hierarchically structured porous materials from energy conversion and storage, catalysis, photocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and sensing to biomedicine is reviewed. Their potential future applications are also highlighted. We particularly dwell on the relationship between hierarchically porous structures and properties, with examples of each type of hierarchically structured porous material according to its chemical composition and physical characteristics. The present review aims to open up a new avenue to guide the readers to quickly obtain in-depth knowledge of applications of hierarchically porous materials and to have a good idea about selecting and designing suitable hierarchically porous materials for a specific application. In addition to focusing on the applications of hierarchically porous materials, this comprehensive review could stimulate researchers to synthesize new advanced hierarchically porous solids.

Oxide perovskites and their derivatives are attractive candidates for the diverse applications in renewable energy conversions due to their unique structural and compositional flexibility and high material stability.

La contingencia provocada por la pandemia de la covid-19 (del inglés, coronavirus disease 2019) ha generado una situación inédita en los escenarios de la educación superior en México y en el mundo. Este documento reporta los resultados de una encuesta aplicada en línea a profesores de bachillerato, licenciatura y posgrado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (unam) el 25 de marzo de 2020. De una muestra de 788 docentes de la unam, respondieron 383 (48.6%), de los cuales 60.5% están de acuerdo con el apoyo institucional que han recibido de la Universidad durante la contingencia. Las principales problemáticas a las que se enfrentan son logísticas (43.3%), tecnológicas (39.7%), pedagógicas (35.2%) y socioafectivas (14.9%). En cuanto al uso de la tecnología, para comunicación usan principalmente el correo electrónico, Facebook y WhatsApp; para trabajo académico, Google Classroom, Moodle y Google Suite; y para trabajo sincrónico, Zoom, Google Hangouts y Skype. En su mayoría, refieren requerir apoyo tecnológico y asesoría didáctica. A la pregunta abierta acerca de las propuestas que solicitan, en orden de importancia éstas son: formación pedagógica, disponibilidad de recursos digitales, recursos informativos sobre uso de tecnologías en educación, mejora de procesos institucionales, acompañamiento pedagógico, asesoría técnica e información de los recursos institucionales.

Abstract In this paper, different proposals made by national and international organizations and institutions on Teacher Digital Literacy are taken into account. The 7 most commonly used competence frameworks in international contexts are presented for evaluation through expert judgment. Next, the most suitable for the subsequent realization of a t-MOOC on Teacher Digital Literacy was selected. The selection of these experts was based on seven criteria that helped to establish the expert knowledge coefficient (EKC). This strategy served to obtain the viability of the selected sample. A total of 412 people, 155 experts and 257 non-experts participated in this study. After conducting the expert judgment, in a single round, it was concluded that the European Framework of Digital Competence for Teachers DigCompEdu is the most valued and adequate to be used as reference for the formative t-MOOC, followed by INTEF. This result is logical, since the latter is inspired by the former. These findings do not question the validity of the other competency frameworks, but the preferences granted by the judges.

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos gerais do mercado de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem, quanto a forma que se insere nos setores estruturantes do setor da saúde, seja, público, privado, filantrópico e ensino.É um estudo transversal cuja população alvo é constituída por todos os enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem do Brasil, que possuem registro ativo no Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN). O estudo tem representatividade nacional, sendo capaz de gerar resultados para cada unidade da federação. Os resultados apontam para hegemônica empregabilidade do setor público; concentração da Força de trabalho da Enfermagem (FTEn) nos grandes centros urbanos; escassez de enfermeiros nos interiores do país; nova composição intra-categorias, entre outros. Sinalizam ainda para uma extensa jornada de trabalho, vínculos precários, rendimentos mensais aquém do básico para um trabalho decente, ou seja, subjornadas, subsalários e subempregos. Uma equipe que soma 1,8 milhão de profissionais, sendo 414 mil enfermeiros e 1,4 milhão de técnicos e auxiliares, ou seja, 65% da equipe de saúde que atua no sistema, traz uma diversidade e complexidade de análises. Os dados da pesquisa permite subsidiar a construção de políticas públicas adequadas com a realidade desse imenso contingente de trabalhadores, fundamentais para o Sistema Único de Saúde.Descritores: perfil da enfermagem, mercado de trabalho, equipe de enfermagem.The article aims to analyze the general aspects of the nursing staff labor market, as the way they operate in structuring sectors of the health sector, that is, (public, private, philanthropic and education). It is a cross-sectional study whose target population consists of all nurses, technicians and nursing assistants from Brazil, which have active registration with the Federal Nursing Council (COFEN). The study has a national presence, being able to generate results for each state. The results point to the hegemonic employment in the public sector; concentration of the Nursing Workforce (FTEn) in large urban centers; shortage of nurses in the country’s interior; intra-composition new categories. Signal yet for an extensive working hours, precarious links, monthly income below the basics for a decent job, sub journeys, sub wages and underemployment. A team that sum 1.8 million professionals, 414,000 nurses and 1.4 million technicians and assistants, namely 65% of the health team working in the system, brings a diversity and complexity analysis. The survey data may subsidize the construction of public policies adequate to the reality of the huge number of workers, essential for the Health System.Descriptors: profile of nursing, the labor market, the nursing staff.El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los aspectos generales del mercado de trabajo del personal de enfermería, ya que la forma en que operan en los sectores de estructuración del sector de la salud, es decir, (públicas, privadas, filantrópicas y la educación). Se trata de un estudio transversal cuya población objetivo consta de todas las enfermeras, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería de Brasil, que tienen el registro activo con el Consejo Federal de Enfermería (COFEN). El estudio tiene una presencia nacional, siendo capaz de generar resultados para cada estado. Los resultados apuntan a la hegemónica de empleo en el sector público; concentración de la Fuerza Laboral de Enfermería (FTEn) en los grandes centros urbanos; escasez de enfermeras en el interior del país; intra-composición nuevas categorías. Señal sin embargo, para una extensa jornada de trabajo, vínculos precarios, ingresos mensuales por debajo de lo básico para un trabajo decente, es decir subjornadas, subsalários y subempleo. Un equipo que suma 1,8 millones profesionales, 414.000 enfermeras y 1,4 millones de técnicos y auxiliares, es decir, 65% del equipo de salud que trabajan en el sistema, trae una diversidad y complejidad de análisis. Los datos de la encuesta pueden subsidiar la construcción de políticas públicas adecuadas a la realidad de la gran cantidad de trabajadores, esenciales para el Sistema de SaludDescriptores: el perfil de la enfermería, el mercado de trabajo, el personal de enfermería.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-3532.2016n15p107O presente estudo aborda sobre os desafios enfrentados pelo professor quanto ao uso de recursos tecnológicos, como prática pedagógica em sala de aula. Além disso, quantifica, verifica, identifica, demonstra e discute a importância e os benefícios das novas tecnologias no processo ensino e aprendizagem, tratando, também, do desafio do professor em lidar com estes novos recursos, suas dificuldades de aceitação e capacitação para uso dos mesmos. Ao trazer essas dificuldades para dentro da sala de aula, constatou-se uma dificuldade por parte dos docentes em aliar os novos recursos tecnológicos à metodologia e didática aplicadas nos planejamentos de suas aulas. Este texto é fruto de uma pesquisa de campo realizada em uma escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Montes Claros-MG, com a participação de professores atuantes nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e Médio. O resultado da pesquisa nos mostra que, embora o professor tenha consciência da importância do uso das novas tecnologias em sala de aula, ele ainda se depara com os desafios de se associar o conteúdo pedagógico aos instrumentos tecnológicos, o que reforça a ideia de que é preciso uma busca permanente de capacitação do docente para desenvolver habilidades e técnicas necessárias para uma aprendizagem que seja, realmente, significativa com o uso das tecnologias digitais em sala de aula.

Effective separation and migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs are two key factors to determine the performance of photocatalysts. It has been widely accepted that photocatalysts with heterojunctions usually exhibit excellent charge separation. However, the migration process of separated charges in the heterojunction structures has not been fully investigated. Herein, photocatalysts with heterojunctions are constructed by loading g-C3N4 nanoparticles onto BiOCl nanosheets with different exposed facets (BOC-001 and BOC-010). The g-C3N4 nanoparticles with decreasing size and increasing zeta potential could induce stronger coupling and scattering in the heterojunction. The relationship between the crystal facet orientation in the BiOCl nanosheets and charge separation/effective migration behaviours of the materials is investigated. The visible light photocatalytic activity of the composites is evaluated by methyl orange (MO) and phenol degradation experiments, and the results show that ng-CN/BOC-010 composites exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than that of ng-CN/BOC-001 composites. Both photoelectrochemical and fluorescence emission measurements indicate that the different exposed facets in ng-CN/BiOCl composites could induce the migration of the photogenerated electrons in different ways, but do not significantly alter the separation efficiencies. The separated electrons in ng-CN/BOC-010 undergo a shorter transport distance than that of ng-CN/BOC-001 to reach the surface reactive sites. The study may suggest that the crystal facet orientation in polar semiconductors is a critical factor for designing highly efficient heterojunction photocatalysts.

El presente trabajo reporta un ejercicio de revisión del concepto de convivencia escolar con vistas a apoyar su clarificación y, por tanto, contribuir al desarrollo de un lenguaje común en la región latinoamericana. Para ello las autoras conducen un trabajo documental orientado a identificar los principales enfoques teóricos en la literatura de convivencia. Posteriormente analizan cuatro estudios enfocados a sistematizar los enfoques prevalecientes en el estudio de la convivencia escolar. Como resultado, proponen un concepto de convivencia desde la perspectiva de la justicia social adaptada a la educación y lo operacionalizan en tres ámbitos de la vida escolar: pedagógico-curricular, oganizativo-administrativo y socio-comunitario. Esta noción comprehensiva de la convivencia escolar podría apoyar la realización de investigaciones futuras, propuestas educativas y evaluaciones de convivencia escolar que ofrezcan una respuesta a la violencia y a la persistente exclusión social que existe en la región latinoamericana.

Abstract “Augmented reality” (AR) is presented as technology that harmonizes, in real time and with user collaboration, digital information with physical information through different technological supports. Such are AR possibilities, that when it is incorporated into teaching, students show high satisfaction rates and positive attitudes for its use, but at the same time, a series of limitations and obstacles can be noticed. As an attempt to investigate the technical, curricular and organizational difficulties of AR incorporation in training contexts, an instrument “AR obstacle questionnaire” (CORA) was designed, which in turn was administered to a total of 264 subject experts for validation through the Delphi method, subsequently applying the “K coefficient” ( $${\rm{K = }}{1 \over 2}$$ Kc (knowledge coefficient) + Ka (argumentation coefficient)), selecting those experts who obtained a ≥ 0,8 score in the coefficient. Among the results obtained in the study we manage to point out the main obstacles involving AR implementation into university education: the lack of teacher training and improvement, the few educational experiences found, lack of conceptual foundation, limited educational research and lack of institutional support.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a serious challenge to the efficiency of cancer treatment, and may be associated with the overexpression of drug efflux pumps. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a drug efflux pump often found overexpressed in cases of acquired MDR. Nevertheless, there are no P-gp inhibitors being used in the current clinical practice, due to toxicity problems, drug interactions, or pharmacokinetic issues. Therefore, it is important to identify novel inhibitors of P-gp activity or expression. Curcumin is a secondary metabolite isolated from the turmeric of Curcuma longa L. which has been associated with several biological activities, particularly P-gp modulatory activity (by inhibiting both P-gp function and expression). However, curcumin shows extensive metabolism and instability, which has justified the recent and intensive search for analogs of curcumin that maintain the P-gp modulatory activity but have enhanced stability. This review summarizes and compares the effects of curcumin and several curcumin analogs on P-glycoprotein function and expression, emphasizing the potential of these molecules for the possible development of safe and effective inhibitors of P-gp to overcome MDR in human cancer.

This text discusses the non-formal education settings and proposes a definition for formal setting and non-formal setting. It broaches science centers and science museums as non-formal science education settings, under the perspective of the new concept of museum, through the memory of the researcher and a literature review of on the history of set up science centers and science museums in Brazil, with suggestions of pages on the Internet where it is possible to get information on dissemination of science and domestic and foreign science museums. The scientific culture is discussed in order to acute the debate on this issue and to link the formation of scientific culture to non-formal education settings.

The practical application of commercial malolactic starter cultures of Oenococcus oeni surviving direct inoculation in wine requires insight into the mechanisms involved in ethanol toxicity and tolerance in this organism. Exposure to ethanol resulted in an increase in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, enhancing passive proton influx and concomitant loss of intracellular material (absorbing at 260 nm). Cells grown in the presence of 8% (vol/vol) ethanol revealed adaptation to ethanol stress, since these cells showed higher retention of compounds absorbing at 260 nm. Moreover, for concentrations higher than 10% (vol/vol), lower rates of passive proton influx were observed in these ethanol-adapted cells, especially at pH 3.5. The effect of ethanol on O. oeni cells was studied as the ability to efficiently retain carboxyfluorescein (cF) as an indicator of membrane integrity and enzyme activity and the uptake of propidium iodide (PI) to assess membrane damage. Flow cytometric analysis of both ethanol-adapted and nonadapted cells with a mixture of the two fluorescent dyes, cF and PI, revealed three main subpopulations of cells: cF-stained intact cells; cF- and PI-stained permeable cells, and PI-stained damaged cells. The subpopulation of O. oeni cells that maintained their membrane integrity, i.e., cells stained only with cF, was three times larger in the population grown in the presence of ethanol, reflecting the protective effect of ethanol adaptation. This information is of major importance in studies of microbial fermentations in order to assign bulk activities measured by classical methods to the very active cells that are effectively responsible for the observations.

Cada vez son más frecuentes los estudios de caso en la investigación educativa, pero no siempre su elección aparece suficientemente justificada. Aunque se trata de una metodología muy abierta y a priori escasamente estructurada, su adecuada utilización debe tener en cuenta algunas premisas básicas. En este artículo realizamos una aproximación conceptual y analizamos las características básicas de un estudio de caso, sus diferentes tipos, las fases de su elaboración, cómo puede asegurarse la credibilidad de los datos recogidos, así como sus principales ventajas y limitaciones. A partir de nuestra experiencia como investigadores educativos y teniendo como referencia la literatura sobre el tema, pretendemos suscitar una reflexión teórica y metodológica sobre las condiciones e implicaciones de la utilización de estudios de casos en la investigación educativa, con la finalidad de orientar su elección como método.

Este artículo muestra los resultados conseguidos mediante una investigación de carácter cuantitativo, realizada con el objetivo de conocer el perfil competencial en materia tecnológica de 301 estudiantes que ingresan por primera vez en el Grado universitario de Magisterio de Primaria. Se utilizó un cuestionario digital constituido por 29 preguntas; los resultados demuestran el predominio de alumnos mayores de 30 años, de sexo femenino, que disponen de ordenador con conexión a Internet, y cuyo medio favorito para interactuar es el teléfono, navegan a diario y emplean el correo electrónico, manejan de manera básica las tecnologías, sobre todo el paquete de ofimática, y no están familiarizados con el uso de herramientas actuales, como los blogs o marcadores sociales. Se concluye que estos alumnos no comparten los rasgos que se esperan de un nativo digital: producir, difundir y consumir cultura a través de Internet.

Computerized tomograms (CT scans) and neuroendocrine challenges (TRH stimulation test and dexamethasone suppression test) were completed in 38 melancholic depressed hospitalized patients. There were no significant differences in ventricular size between delusional and nondelusional depressives. However, 5 of 20 delusional depressives (25%) in contrast to none of 18 nondelusional depressives had ventricular brain ratios greater than 2 standard deviations from the mean of 26 neurological controls. There were no demographic, clinical, or neuroendocrine differences between patients with enlarged ventricles and those with normal CT scans. Two of 5 patients with large ventricles were rehospitalized within the 1st year of ascertainment in contrast to 3 of the other 15 delusional depressed patients. The possible relevance of cerebral ventricular size for depressive disorder is discussed.

The term 'Artificial Intelligence' was coined in 1956 at a conference at Dartmouth College and since then it has undergone constant development and has evolved radically. Prominent pioneers of the term include John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert A. Simon. The application of AI in education worldwide has increased dramatically with its importance growing at an increasing rate. The objective of this research is to bibliometrically analyze applications of AI in contemporary education. The methodology includes a Prisma of the articles of three fundamental databases: Scopus (n=390), Mendeley (n=113), and Science Direct (n=3,594). A total of n=4,097 articles in English and Spanish were analyzed. The systematic literature review of recent works employed a mixed approach using quantitative and qualitative methods. It was inferred by the authors that AI is revolutionizing education by offering personalized and efficient solutions to improve students’ learning. One of the main conclusions of this research is that in contemporary education, students are one of the groups that are most affected by AI. Furthermore, the human intelligence of teachers plays a fundamental role since they adapt their methodologies to leverage new technologies. Finally, it is worth noting that decisions made in schools and universities support new educational models based on technology. El término «Inteligencia Artificial» fue acuñado en 1956 en una conferencia en Dartmouth College, y desde entonces, este ha experimentado un desarrollo constante y ha evolucionado de manera significativa. Algunos de los pioneros más destacados incluyen a John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell y Herbert A. Simon. La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la educación ha aumentado considerablemente a nivel mundial en la dinámica era digital. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar bibliométricamente las incidencias de la IA en la educación contemporánea. La metodología contiene un Prisma de tres bases de datos fundamentales Scopus (n=390), Mendeley (n=113) y Science Direct (n=3.594), para un total de n=4.097 artículos en idioma inglés y español. La revisión sistematizada de la literatura reciente tiene un enfoque mixto, cuantitativos y cualitativos empleando varios paradigmas de la investigación en función del objetivo, se obtiene que la IA ha revolucionado la educación, ofreciendo soluciones personalizadas y eficientes para mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En las principales conclusiones se plantea que en los términos teóricos de mayor impacto están los estudiantes como elemento principal de la IA de la educación contemporánea. Por otra parte, los profesores juegan un papel fundamental en este proceso a través de sus metodologías y el uso de estas tecnologías. Así mismo están los currículos educacionales mediante la toma de decisiones en los colegios y universidades que están apostando por nuevos modelos tecnológicos educativos.

In this paper we present a thorough literature review of different analyses and meta-analyses recently made to define the concept of e-learning and its impact on university. We consider the models, tools and strategies that can be implemented in Higher Education from the perspective of teachers, students or the teaching and learning planning process, and offer recommendations oriented to pedagogical planning and the integration of different training modalities (e-learning, b-learning and face-to-face), taking into account the need to guide training processes based on flexibility and continuous change. We approach b-learning from a general perspective oriented to plan its implementation in Higher Education as a strategy of change with an organizational character.