Behörde für Schule und Berufsbildung

A brief overview of the joint research project XtremRisK is given. The project has been focusing on developing/improving/expanding the knowledge, methods and models with respect to (i) physically possible extreme storm surge for current conditions and scenarios for climate change, (ii) failure mechanisms of flood defenses, (iii) assessment of intangible losses (social and ecological) and their integration with direct/indirect economic losses, (iv) reliability analysis of flood defense systems and (v) source- pathway-receptor (SPR)-based integrated flood risk analysis involving both tangible and intangible losses and its implementation for two selected pilot sites (representative for an open coast and an urban estuarine area in Germany). The key results are briefly summarized and the lessons learned for future flood risk studies are finally drawn.

We studied the acute effect of passive smoking on symptoms, lung mechanics and airway responsiveness. Twenty four patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma (11 male and 13 female; mean(SD) age 34(15) yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 91(17) % pred) were investigated. Sixteen of them had a history of passive smoke-induced respiratory symptoms. For comparison we studied 16 controls (7 male and 9 female; mean(SD) age 31(9) yrs; FEV1 106(13) % pred). On two different days, the subjects were exposed in an exposure chamber for one hour to either ambient air (Sham) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). During exposure to ETS, the mean concentrations of particles and CO were 3,095 micrograms.m-3 and 20.3 ppm, respectively. Before and immediately after exposure, symptoms and lung mechanics were assessed, followed by an inhalation challenge to determine the provocative concentrations of methacholine necessary to increase specific airway resistance (sRaw) by 100%, (PC100sRaw), and to decrease FEV1 by 20% (PC20FEV1). In the asthmatic subjects, during Sham exposure, mean (SEM) decrease of sRaw and FEV1 was 0.23(0.22) cmH2O.s and 0.04(0.03) l, respectively, (NS). During ETS, mean(SEM) decrease of sRaw and FEV1 was 0.55(0.46) cmH2O.s and 0.13(0.06) l, respectively. The significance of this decrease, however, disappeared when taking into account the individual variability of FEV1. Geometric mean(SEM) PC100sRaw and PC20FEV1 were 0.35(1.32) and 0.23(1.34) mg.ml-1 after Sham, and 0.34(1.37) and 0.28(1.36) mg.ml-1 after ETS, respectively, with no difference between the two study days. In the controls, the two exposure conditions did not exert any significant effects on sRaw, FEV1 and airway responsiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among individuals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on individuals and society. In response to this trend, numerous organisations came together under one umbrella in Hamburg, Germany, in April 2021 and signed the 'Hamburg Declaration'. This represented an international commitment to take all necessary actions to increase PA and improve the health of individuals to entire communities. Individuals and organisations are working together as the 'Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity' to drive long-term individual and population-wide behaviour change by collaborating with all stakeholders in the community: active hospitals, physical activity specialists, community services and healthcare providers, all achieving sustainable health goals for their patients/clients. The 'Hamburg Declaration' calls on national and international policymakers to take concrete action to promote daily PA and exercise at a population level and in healthcare settings.

Abstract. Shelf and coastal sea processes extend from the atmosphere through the water column and into the seabed. These processes reflect intimate interactions between physical, chemical, and biological states on multiple scales. As a consequence, coastal system modelling requires a high and flexible degree of process and domain integration; this has so far hardly been achieved by current model systems. The lack of modularity and flexibility in integrated models hinders the exchange of data and model components and has historically imposed the supremacy of specific physical driver models. We present the Modular System for Shelves and Coasts (MOSSCO; http://www.mossco.de), a novel domain and process coupling system tailored but not limited to the coupling challenges of and applications in the coastal ocean. MOSSCO builds on the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) and on the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). It goes beyond existing technologies by creating a unique level of modularity in both domain and process coupling, including a clear separation of component and basic model interfaces, flexible scheduling of several tens of models, and facilitation of iterative development at the lab and the station and on the coastal ocean scale. MOSSCO is rich in metadata and its concepts are also applicable outside the coastal domain. For coastal modelling, it contains dozens of example coupling configurations and tested set-ups for coupled applications. Thus, MOSSCO addresses the technology needs of a growing marine coastal Earth system community that encompasses very different disciplines, numerical tools, and research questions.

Siliceous fly ash is a pozzolanic supplementary cementitious material often used in cement and concrete production. The influence of the chemical, mineralogical and physical properties of 75 siliceous fly ashes on their reactivity was examined in this study. The reactivity was analyzed by relative mortar compressive strength and a rapid screening test (a version of the R³ test). A statistical data analysis was carried out to evaluate the factors influencing the reactivity of the ash. The screening test was found to be able to predict the reactivity within short periods of time, while the relative strength is not a good measure for reactivity. It was also found that the TiO2 and chloride content of the fly ash can serve as an indicator for its reactivity.

Abstract Use of Polyelectrolytes in Mechanical Solids/Liquid Separation. This article shows how optimisation tasks for the dewatering of sludge can be solved by starting from studies of chemical structure and steric properties of polyelectrolytes and laboratory experiments based thereon with a trans‐portable computer‐aided flocculation and dewatering apparatus. The optimum polyelectrolyte dosage lies in the range of the critical concentration c * (viscosimetric measurements) of the dissolved polyelectrolytes. On optimisation of the flocculant regime for mechanical solids/liquid separation by combined addition of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes (dual process), it is necessary to consider the overall system of sedimentation and filtration. In an industrial scale plant, the consumption of flocculant could be reduced by up to 10% compared to laboratory studies. At the same time, the dewatering behaviour could be improved by up to 60%, a shearing strength of the sludge in excess of 20 kN/m 2 reliably established, and plant operating reliability achieved for changing sedimentation properties.

Wie bewältigen Unternehmen den permanenten Wandel? Mit Lernformen innerhalb der Organisationen. Welche Lernansätze, -prozesse und Organisationsformen sind nötig, um sich im Spannungsfeld von Organisationsnotwendigkeit, Entgrenzung und Informalität bewegen und bewähren zu können? In drei Unternehmens-Fallstudien (Chemische Industrie, Einzelhandel, Altenpflege) wird gezeigt, wie innovative Lernformen aussehen können. Begleitend werden die wichtigsten aktuellen Diskussionsstränge im Feld der beruflichen Bildung erörtert.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the experiences of RCE Hamburg, one of the latest Regional Centres of Excellence (RCE) to be created. It outlines the activities performed by the RCE and describes its relationships with the various stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach A description of the region where the RCE is located is provided, along with some facts and figures related to the site. In addition, a description of the structure and the activities of the RCE Hamburg is provided, complemented by a description of the engagement of various stakeholders. Findings The paper shows that, by means of projects and action‐based initiatives, synergies between regional centres of expertise on education for sustainable development and agencies based at the local level can be achieved. Originality/value The RCE is characterised by an integrated approach where different target groups are involved (e.g. schools, NGOs and industry) and where a local university plays a catalyst role.

In 1994 the quality of the uppermost sediment layer of the Elbe estuary was surveyed for various planning purposes. For example, metal contents were determined in the grain-size fraction <20 μm, and the concentrations of PAH were analyzed in the total sample, with correcting for grain-size effect being done numerically. Using the specific zinc contents in fine-grained particles, transport phenomena were recognized: particles of marine origin are transported >100 km upstream to the Hamburg area, causing contamination to decrease to about 50% of the fluvial level. The local metal contamination however varies strongly. Samples with low concentration could be detected as geogen; the samples with the highest level of contamination were assumed to have originated from periods of higher river pollution. Of the samples, 74% with medium enrichment factors (2 to 8.5 vs. background for Zn) were suspected to reflect the actual contamination level. Compared to previously reported quality criteria, sediment samples from the upper part of the estuary are still highly contaminated. In the outer part of the estuary the quality is better, but because the marine fine-grained particles still have contamination levels to class II-III in the ARGE Elbe classification system, a further reduction of sediment contamination in the whole estuary would be limited to this level.


 
 
 Co-operation has become a buzzword of our times, but it is both costly and conditioned. Based on empirical studies in Baden-Württemberg, Brandenburg, North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony, it can be shown that regional planners run into difficulties with co-operative approaches: frequently they have to stage-manage co-operation, they are restricted in their selection to those topics which hold the prospect of win-win solutions, can muster only very few co-operands, are ill-equipped to take on the role of initiator, and more often than not are confronted with competing regional actors harnessing the regional willingness to co-operate. From the findings presented, conclusions are drawn as to how planners should improve the situation they find themselves in.
 
 
 
 
 

Im Jahr 2018 haben wir bildungs-, gesundheits- und berufspolitisch bewegte Zeiten durchlebt. Politische Spitzentreffen wechselten sich mit Informationsveranstaltungen für Parlamentarier ab, die Ausbildung und die berufliche Situation wurden in Trippelschritten reformiert, immer gerade nur so weit, wie es die Hoffnung auf Verringerung des politischen Drucks in Bund und Ländern seitens der Regierenden als nötig erscheinen lässt. Die Ausbildungsflickschusterei in den Therapieberufen von der (Teil-)Abschaffung des Schulgeldes bis zur Zahlung einer Ausbildungsvergütung für einen kleinen Teil der Schülerschaft scheint aber eher die Unruhe zu nähren.

In institutional care for the elderly effective and efficient professional action is needed as well as in acute care settings. That means rational-systematic acting. This includes the establishment of goals, systematic planning and realization of these plans, deductive-logical thinking, objective perception and gaining an unbiased objective relationship towards the work to be done. However, an explorative investigation of the ways, how successful and experienced nurses do their job-being viewed by their colleagues as qualitatively effective and efficient concerning their time budget-provides the following results. In direct care procedures which go beyond rational-systematic action prove to be more economic and successful. This type of action is characterized by interactive procedures of dialogical nature, the patterns of rationality tend to be associative, the perception of the elderly to be taken care of can be considered as intuitive-subjective and the relationship towards them as personal-empathic. Those patterns of professional action we refer to as "subjectifying" or "situative" patterns of action. They can also be found in the process of an artist's work. The consequences of this change of paradigma concerning training and cost-effective nursing are discussed in this paper.

tainable strategies to reduce bush coverage have yet been found. The encroachment of bushes has substantial economic impacts on the rangeland farmers, as the capacity of the grazing grounds for livestock is being reduced. The number of livestock in bush-encroached rangelands has thus become much smaller compared to in earlier periods of rangeland management; for example, on commercial farms in Namibia, livestock numbers have decreased since the late 1950s to 36% (de Klerk, 2004).

A spectral theory for constituents of macroscopically homogeneous random microstructures is developed and provided with a sound mathematical basis, where the spectrum obtained by Fourier methods corresponds to the angular intensity distribution of X-rays scattered by this constituent. It is shown that the fast Fourier transform applied to three-dimensional images of microstructures obtained by micro-tomography is a powerful tool of image processing. The applicability of this technique is demonstrated in the analysis of images of porous media.

Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Vielzählige Bestrebungen, möglichst allen Schüler_innen ein gemeinsames und gleichzeitig individualisiertes Lernen zu ermöglichen, führen zu einer passenden Förderung für einen großen Teil der Schülerschaft. Einzelne Schülergruppen werden jedoch schwieriger erreicht als andere, wenn es um die Diagnostik und Förderung von Schwierigkeiten im Lesen, Schreiben und Rechnen geht. Eine direkte lerntherapeutische Anbindung vor Ort in Schule ist eine Möglichkeit, Schüler_innen schnell und niederschwellig zu erreichen, die bisher aufgrund unterschiedlicher Barrieren häufig „durchs Raster fallen“. Inwieweit und wie bundesweit Lerntherapie überhaupt in Schule verortet ist, ist bislang nicht bekannt. Methode: In diesem Beitrag wird diese Forschungslücke aufgegriffen und mittels einer Onlinebefragung von 327 Lerntherapeut_innen untersucht. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: 48 Prozent der Personen gaben an, in Schule tätig zu sein. Die konkrete organisatorische Ausgestaltung erwies sich dabei als heterogen und wurde als unterschiedlich vor- oder nachteilhaft wahrgenommen. Pfadanalysen zeigten einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Bedingungen für Kooperation und dem wahrgenommenen Nutzen, welcher partiell über die tatsächliche Kooperationspraxis zwischen Lerntherapeut_innen und Lehrkräften vermittelt wird.

Summary. The elimination of 1 ml Cr 5 ‐ 1 labelled, D‐positive, ABO‐compatible foetal erythrocytes by 200 μg of intravenously applied immunoglobulin G anti‐D was followed in 9 d‐negative probands. The red cells were quickly removed to the spleen, resulting in an erythrocyte half‐time of between 3 and 6 h. Deposition in other organs was not observed. None of the probands showed active formation of anti‐D antibody at 3 and 7 month afterwards. The intravenously applicable immunoglobulin G anti‐D therefore compares favourably with other preparations currently in use for intramuscular application. The mode of action of antibody mediated suppression of the immune response is discussed.

Abstract The soils of urban areas were belatedly discovered as a research subject, becoming popular for study in the 1970s. With the growth of cities, there were increased requirements for urban soil information to assure the urban quality of life. Thus, the WG Urban Soils (AKS [Arbeitskreis Stadtboeden], today AGUB) within the German Soil Science Society (DBG) was established in 1987. This paper outlines the national and international achievements of AKS/AGUB and the initiated international urban soil network. Particular attention is given to soil mapping and research in Germany. The foundation of AKS/AGUB initiated a high scientific response on the new research field of urban soils. A soil mapping instruction was established. According to the German concept of soil unit “soil form” from the substrate and soil formation, much attention was given to soil material of natural and technic origin, as well as structure and profile composition. The focus of soil formation is on the young age, the effect of artificial landscape construction, and the speed of soil development. For surveying areas of high soil diversity, conceptual maps were developed. A great number of cities were mapped. As in Germany, urban soils were included in several national soil classification systems. Those of Germany, the United States, Russia, France, and the international World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) are compared. A great number of tasks of urban administration concern soil problems, such as pollution, soil sealing, urban greening, stormwater infiltration, heating, dust, and carbon sequestration, so soils were relevant in city government work. Internationally, the WG SUITMA of International Union of Soil Science and the US WG INCOMANTH were dedicated to urban soils. The AKS/AGUB could contribute to the European Commission with concepts of soil functions and soil evaluation and the introduction of Technosols to the WRB. Important future aspects will be the competition of intense rising soil consumption by building activities, and the availability and quality of soils for a sustainable urban life.

Bildungslandschaften sollen informelle und formelle Bildungsprozesse ermöglichen. Die Campus-Form wird dabei vielerorts als Idealvorstellung angesehen. Sie soll eine engere Zusammenarbeit von Schulen und anderen Bildungseinrichtungen in hierfür geeigneten Architekturen und Außenräumen unterstützen. Sozialräumliche Aspekte sowie die Verknüpfung von Quartiersentwicklung und Bildungswesen spielen dabei eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Bedeutung der Campus-Form wird in diesem Artikel anhand von Interviews mit Schulakteur*innen herausgearbeitet.

Abstract Vibrations in long torsional strings result in spatio‐temporal dynamics. These vibrations disturb the accuracy of the drilling process and may cause damage due to fatigue. The high costs of drillings are the main motivation for the suppression of vibrations of the drill–string. In this paper a model for the drill string is proposed. In order to describe the dynamics of the drill–string appropriately but as simple as possible the model has to comprise bending vibrations, self–excited torsional vibrations as well as the coupling between them. The aim of the model with only few degrees of freedom is the development of an optimal control technique for the active damping of drill–string vibrations. The string is modeled as a one–dimensional continuum. Two sets of variables are proposed for the formulation of kinematics: one is suitable for the description of the kinetic energy the other for the description of the elastic energy. Differential geometry yield equations which express one sets of variables in terms of the other. These equations can be linearised. In order to justify the linearisation, an analysis of the parameters is made. Since the Lagrangian can be written in a more compact form than the equations of motion, the Lagrangian is investigated: All variables are normalised and the order of magnitude of the terms are compared. The simplified Lagrangian yields the equations of motion which are solved approximately using Galerkin's method. Forces due to the interaction between the fluid and the structure are considered as well as those due to contact with the borehole.

Abstract The paper describes the “Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) Forecasting Dashboard (ForDas)”. This tool aims at providing, on a non-commercial basis, historical and actual macroeconomic forecast data for the Germany economy to researchers and interested audiences. The database renders it possible to directly compare forecast quality across selected institutions and over time. It is partly based on data collected in the DFG-funded project “Macroeconomic forecasts in great crisis”.