Bukhara State University

Quantitative changes in improving the effectiveness of teaching writing and developing the skills of elementary school students were summarized in the assessment of teaching effectiveness using Student and Pearson methods. Using the χ ^2 Pearson test, which is often used in statistical research, we introduce the research hypotheses of the second, third and final stages of the control and experimental class participants with the indicators of the first stage. At the end of the experimental work, it was proven that the respondent's knowledge indicators increased by 13.8% on average.

This essay questions the geographical categories used to underpin current theoretical and methodological approaches to “world literature,” which end up making nine-tenths of the world, and of literature produced in the world, drop off the world map or appear “peripheral.” Focusing on the multilingual north Indian region of Awadh in the early modern period, it argues that an approach to literature and space that takes multilingualism within society and literary culture as a structuring and generative principle and holds both local and cosmopolitan perspectives in view is more productive for world literature than approaches based only on cosmopolitan perspectives of circulation and recognition.

Abstract In this study, natural bentonite was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide to obtain organobentonite (HDTMA-bentonite). Bentonite and HDTMA-bentonite were then characterized using XRD, XRF, SEM, FT-IR, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, elemental analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques. The HDTMA + cation was found to be located on the surface and enters the interlayer spaces of smectite according to the XRD and SEM results. FT-IR spectra indicated the existence of HDTMA functional groups on the bentonite surface. The BET surface area significantly decreased after the modification due to the coverage of the pores of natural bentonite. After the characterization, the adsorption of a textile dye, Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), onto bentonite and HDTMA-bentonite was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of HDTMA-bentonite for RB19 was 502 mg g -1 at 20°C. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and it was exothermic and physical in nature.

The burgeoning technological education landscape mandates a reevaluation of educational methodologies, especially in pivotal domains such as power supply fundamentals within technical higher education institutions. This scientific article explores the imperative role of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching the fundamentals of power supply to students in technical higher education institutions. Acknowledging power supply’s fundamental significance and the evolving educational challenges, we advocate for the utilization of AI-powered platforms, simulations, and adaptive learning systems. Through a comprehensive analysis, we highlight the potential benefits and contextualize the implementation of AI in Uzbekistan’s technical education scenario. By embracing AI-driven educational approaches, Uzbekistan can cultivate a skilled workforce adept in power supply, fostering innovation and propelling the nation towards a technologically advanced future.

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420 , 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have found a reduced risk of dementia of any etiology following influenza vaccination in selected populations, including veterans and patients with serious chronic health conditions. However, the effect of influenza vaccination on Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in a general cohort of older US adults has not been characterized. OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of incident AD between patients with and without prior influenza vaccination in a large US claims database. METHODS: Deidentified claims data spanning September 1, 2009 through August 31, 2019 were used. Eligible patients were free of dementia during the 6-year look-back period and≥65 years old by the start of follow-up. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was used to create flu-vaccinated and flu-unvaccinated cohorts with similar baseline demographics, medication usage, and comorbidities. Relative risk (RR) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) were estimated to assess the effect of influenza vaccination on AD risk during the 4-year follow-up. RESULTS: From the unmatched sample of eligible patients (n = 2,356,479), PSM produced a sample of 935,887 flu-vaccinated-unvaccinated matched pairs. The matched sample was 73.7 (SD, 8.7) years of age and 56.9% female, with median follow-up of 46 (IQR, 29-48) months; 5.1% (n = 47,889) of the flu-vaccinated patients and 8.5% (n = 79,630) of the flu-unvaccinated patients developed AD during follow-up. The RR was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.59-0.61) and ARR was 0.034 (95% CI, 0.033-0.035), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 29.4. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that influenza vaccination is associated with reduced AD risk in a nationwide sample of US adults aged 65 and older.

Abstract In article are brought frequency regulation of the asynchronous electric motor and that reach to energy saving itself. Frequency management is energy saving so regulation of the frequency of the rotation of the asynchronous engine are provided increasing coefficient of efficiency and reduction of the loss to powers. A machine asynchronous is often used today as a power scale ranging with a motor from some Watts to several thousand kW. For power applications exceeding several kW, asynchronous motors run solely on three-phase AC power supplies. Owing to the sensitivity of a process or the critical nature of certain applications, the network may be supported with an Uninterruptible Power Supply.

On the occasion of the 29th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized that the goal of our development should be the Third Renaissance. This strategic idea, in its grandeur, shows the need to aim for a common goal in all aspects of national development. In practice, the head of state expressed the new and clarified content of the national idea of Uzbekistan at the current stage of development. This article analyzes the important role of literature, theater and art in establishing the Third Renaissance in Uzbekistan.

The present paper is devoted to construction of an optimal quadrature formulas for approximation of Fourier integrals in the Hilbert space W2(m,m−1) of non-periodic, complex valued functions. Here the quadrature sum consists of linear combination of the given function values on the uniform grid. The difference between integral and quadrature sum is estimated by the norm of the error functional. The optimal quadrature formula is obtained by minimizing the norm of the error functional with respect to coefficients. In addition, analytic formulas for optimal coefficients are obtained using the discrete analogue of the differential operator dm/dxm − dm−1/dxm−1. Moreover, the order of convergence of the optimal quadrature formula is studied. The constructed quadrature formulas are applied for reconstruction of CT images.

Similar to male humans, Homo sapiens, the males of a few polygynous ruminants - red deer Cervus elaphus, fallow deer Dama dama and Mongolian gazelle Procapra gutturosa- have a more or less enlarged, low-resting larynx and are capable of additional dynamic vocal tract elongation by larynx retraction during their rutting calls. The vocal correlates of a large larynx and an elongated vocal tract, a low fundamental frequency and low vocal tract resonance frequencies, deter rival males and attract receptive females. The males of the polygynous goitred gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa, provide another, independently evolved, example of an enlarged and low-resting larynx of high mobility. Relevant aspects of the rutting behaviour of territorial wild male goitred gazelles are described. Video and audio recordings served to study the acoustic effects of the enlarged larynx and vocal tract elongation on male rutting calls. Three call types were discriminated: roars, growls and grunts. In addition, the adult male vocal anatomy during the emission of rutting calls is described and functionally discussed using a 2D-model of larynx retraction. The combined morphological, behavioural and acoustic data are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of sexual selection for male-specific deep voices, resulting in convergent features of vocal anatomy in a few polygynous ruminants and in human males.

Left-handed is a characteristic of individual typological features of a person. At the present stage of society, solving a number of psychological problems in the traditional educational process, it is important to investigate psychophysiological peculiarities and specificity of causes of the laterality pattern’s formation in junior schoolchildren. Children with a left-sided profile are not a homogeneous group. Among the causes of left-handedness are the following: heredity or genetic left-handedness (as an individual congenital characteristic), pathological or compensatory (as a result of the compensation mechanism), forced or acquired (as a result of injury to the right hand or retraining). Recent studies describe how left-handers differ greatly from right-handed schoolchildren in their mental development, world’s perception, prevailing thinking strategies and specificity of emotional-affective expression. The reasons for this are manifold. However, the key factor is the inextricable and intimate connection of the left-handedness and the hemispheric dominance that leads to a specific functional organization, of the brain work. This means that the left-handed brain works and complies by some other rules in comparison with right-handed people. As a result they have some educational peculiarities and difficulties. In most cases, these children have difficulties in mastering oral and written language skills, numeracy and mathematical operations. A characteristic feature of left-handers is the insufficient and specific development of visual perception, which normally creates the basis for mastering reading and writing. Unfortunately children with left handedness do not receive adequate assistance in school, since education and upbringing are focused on right handed people. It is also shown that «traditional» retraining in early childhood can lead to distress, which has a negative impact on the children. Therefore, it is necessary to include in the educational process special methods and techniques. Thus it will be a favorable condition for their harmonious personal and intellectual development and effective mastering of various modules of the school curriculum. This article presents a theoretical model analysis of the causes and consequences of the development of sinistrality, briefly considered the psychological characteristics of left-handed children.

In this paper, we consider two‐dimensional inverse problem for a fractional diffusion equation. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral equation. For solving this equation, the contracted mapping principle is applied. The local existence and global uniqueness results are proven. Also, the stability estimate is obtained.

In the Cartesian product $$\mathbb {R}^n\times (0,+\infty ) $$ , we consider an integro-differential heat equation with an integral term of the convolution type on the right-hand side. The direct problem is the Cauchy problem about determining the temperature of a medium given a known initial heat distribution (for the zero value of the time variable $$t $$ ). The inverse problem consists in determining the kernel of the integral term based on the solution of the direct problem known at the point $$x=0\in \mathbb {R}^n$$ for $$t>0 $$ . Using the resolvent of the kernel, we reduce the inverse problem to another inverse problem more convenient for the analysis. The latter is replaced by an equivalent system of integral equations for the unknown functions,and the unique solvability of this system is proved with the use of the contraction mapping principle.

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538 , 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538 , 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001

The inverse problems of determining the energy–temperature relation α ( t ) and the heat conduction relation k ( t ) functions in the one‐dimensional integro‐differential heat equation are investigated. The direct problem is the initial‐boundary problem for this equation. The integral terms have the time convolution form of unknown kernels and direct problem solution. As additional information for solving inverse problems, the solution of the direct problem for x = x 0 is given. At the beginning, an auxiliary problem, which is equivalent to the original problem, is introduced. Then the auxiliary problem is reduced to an equivalent closed system of Volterra‐type integral equations with respect to unknown functions. Applying the method of contraction mappings to this system in the continuous class of functions with weighted norms, we prove the main result of the article, which is a global existence and uniqueness theorem of inverse problem solutions.

All sorts of environmental problems are being observed around the world. According to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 23, 2023 "On measures to further increase the level of greenness in the Republic, to ensure environmental stability through the consistent implementation of the national project "Green Space"" the state of Bukhara The team of the Pedagogical Institute created a garden in the Moynaq District of the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the basis of the "Green Space" project, and about 2,000 seedlings were planted. This will have a significant positive impact on the environment in a region that has suffered from environmental problems related to the shrinking of the Aral Sea. Trees and green spaces play a crucial role in mitigating environmental problems by stabilizing soil, preventing erosion, providing habitat for animals and improving air quality. Efforts such as the Green Space project contribute not only to environmental protection, but also to increasing public awareness of the importance of preserving natural ecosystems. The roots of the saxovull are strong, one bush can hold up to 10 tons of sand and prevent landslides. The root penetrates deep into the soil and serves to strengthen the sand. According to the data, green coverings prevent sandstorms, and sand migration in the 3-year saxophone field is reduced by 55%, and by 79.5% in the 5-year period.

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 538 , 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453800001

The one-dimensional integro-differential equation arising in the theory of viscoelasticity with constant density and Lamé coefficients is considered. The direct problem is to determine the displacement function from the initial boundary-value problem for this equation, provided that the initial conditions are zero. The spatial domain is the closed interval [0, l ], and the boundary condition is given by the stress function in the form of a concentrated perturbation source at the left endpoint of this interval and as zero at the right endpoint. For the direct problem, we study the inverse problem of determining the kernel appearing in the integral term of the equation. To find it, we introduce an additional condition for the displacement function at x = 0. The inverse problem is replaced by an equivalent system of integral equations for the unknown functions. The contraction mapping principle is applied to this system in the space of continuous functions with weighted norms. A theorem on the global unique solvability is proved.

We consider a system of hyperbolic integro-differential equations for SH waves in a visco-elastic porous medium. The inverse problem is to recover a kernel ( memory ) in the integral term of this system. We reduce this problem to solving a system of integral equations for the unknown functions. We apply the principle of contraction mappings to this system in the space of continuous functions with a weight norm. We prove the global unique solvability of the inverse problem and obtain a stability estimate of a solution of the inverse problem.