Campbell Hospital

OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate + sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (AS + SP) and artemether + lumefantrine (AL), and to investigate the presence of molecular mutations associated with resistance, to inform national malaria treatment policy. METHODS: One-arm prospective studies were conducted in three study sites in Somalia in 2013 and 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of AS + SP and AL among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Outcomes included clinical and parasitological response over 28 days, and the presence of dihydrofolate reductase (dfhr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and mutations. RESULTS: Among patients treated with AS + SP, the PCR-corrected treatment failure rate was 12.3%. The majority of patients (89%) carried either the quintuple mutations (51I/108N + 437G/540E/581G or 51I/59R/108N + 437G/540E) or the quadruple mutation (51I/108N + 437G/540E). All patients who failed treatment with AS + SP carried the quintuple mutation (51I/108N + 437G/540E/581G). In the studies of AL, the PCR-corrected treatment failure rate was <6%. All patients in both treatment groups cleared their parasitaemia by day 3. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate a failing first-line treatment (AS + SP), with a failure rate above the threshold (10%) for policy change, and a high prevalence of quintuple mutations. In contrast, AL was highly efficacious. Based on these findings and the results from a previous AS + SP study, AL was selected to replace AS + SP as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Somalia in 2016. Dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine (DHA + PPQ) has been recommended as the second-line treatment. Routine monitoring of recommended ACTs should continue to inform treatment policy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess postoperative probability of racing, career longevity, and convalescent time in Thoroughbred racehorses with moderate to severe superficial digital flexor tendonitis (SDFT) in the forelimbs treated by desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (ie, superior check ligament desmotomy [SCLD]). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 332 Thoroughbred racehorses with SDFT consecutively treated by means of SCLD. PROCEDURES: Medical records and racing records were reviewed to assess return to racing, number of races completed, time to first race, and lifetime performance. The horses were categorized as raced or unraced prior to and after surgery. Descriptive statistics including age and treated limb were also recorded. RESULTS: Of 332 horses, 228 (69%) returned to racing following injury and treatment. Seventy-eight of 118 (66%) horses that had not raced prior to injury and 150 of 214 (70%) horses that had raced prior to injury raced after treatment. Seventeen of 39 (44%) horses ≥ 5 years old raced following injury and treatment and 211 of 293 (72%) horses ≤ 4 years old returned to racing. There was no difference in the percentages of horses returning to racing for 2-, 3-, or 4-year olds. Postoperative infections occurred in 6 of the 332 (2%) horses. Median time to first race for horses that raced after surgery was 302 days (range, 48 to 1,120 days; mean ± SD, 341 ± 153 days), with a median of 8 starts/horse after surgery (range, 1 to 109 starts; mean ± SD, 14 ± 15.8 starts). Of 228 horses that returned to racing, 159 (70%) raced ≥ 5 times after surgery. Sex and treated limb did not have a significant effect on return to racing. However, horses ≥ 5 years old were significantly less likely to return to racing, compared with younger horses. In horses with unilateral SDFT and < 5 starts, the affected and contralateral limbs were both treated, but return to racing was not significantly different between horses treated bilaterally versus unilaterally. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 228 of 332 (69%) horses with SDFT of the forelimb treated with SCLD successfully returned to racing. Convalescent times were shorter, compared with previous recommendations, and treated horses had a longer racing career after surgery than has been described for other treatment modalities. The results of the present study support consideration of SCLD as part of a treatment plan for SDFT in Thoroughbred racehorses.

An evaluation of a Falls Prevention Program that took place in a 29-bed rural hospital in New South Wales is described. The aim of the project was to ascertain the overall effectiveness of the Program and to explore the usefulness of the assessment criteria in predicting falls. The sample consisted of 111 participants, representing all patients 65 years and over who were admitted to the general ward of the hospital between January and December 1997. The Falls Prevention Program had reduced the incidence of falls and was found to be effective for those patients requiring minimal assistance with walking. However, it was less effective for those using pick-up frames or forearm support frames. The patients who fell were more likely to be in the high risk category and it was concluded that while the assessment criteria was useful in predicting falls, the Falls Prevention Program could only limit the number of falls but not prevent them altogether. Age, mental status and mobility of patients in combination with time and location of falls suggested a pattern that was possibly peculiar to this rural hospital, which has implications for funding and staffing.

Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is the most common cause of congenital tricuspid regurgitation. The associated anomalies commonly seen are atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale and accessory conduction pathways. Its association with coexisting mitral stenosis (MS) has uncommonly been described. The hemodynamic consequences and anesthetic implications, of a combination of EA and rheumatic MS, have not so far been discussed in the literature. We report successful anesthetic management of a repair of EA and mitral valve replacement in a patient with coexisting Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome.

Gonorrhoea in women often produs mior symptoms. This explains the comparative infre- quency of symptomatic gonorrhoea of the lower genital tract in out-patient clinics. Gonococcal infection of infants and children, on the other hand, at once attracts attention. Hence the reason why the incdence of vulvovaginitis infantum appears to be comparatively high. Nelson (1932) found the incidence of gonorrhoeal vulvovaginitis to be 11-8% and Mukherjee (1940) 11%. In a sernes of 2,464 cases in the female, diagnosed by bacterio- logical methods during 1933-46, we came across 240 cases of gonorrhoeal vulvovagitis, a frequency of 9-7%.

Objectives: Disclosure of bad news is distressing for patients and family members. Our aim was to assess patients' perceptions and preferences regarding bad news in the health setting. Methods: Cross-sectional, multi-centered study supported by an external grant in 15 Government and Private Hospitals across Pakistan. A sample size of 1673 patients and family members was used. Ethics permission/consent was taken from each participating hospital and participant. Responses were compared across provinces, gender, age, education and income. Results: >80% patients preferred their relatives to know the diagnosis first and they wanted the news to be disclosed to them by doctors. Significant association between education level, income and preference for wanting to know the diagnosis was found. Reasons for wanting to know the diagnosis included treatment, prognosis and prevention options whereas reasons for not wanting to know included fear of emotions and God's will. Conclusion: The majority of Pakistani patients want to be informed and want the family to know first. Preferences for disclosure vary across, age, education and income level. Innovation: First countrywide study on this topic. Identifies need for culturally sensitive guidelines that include the family's role in disclosure of bad news.

This book aimed for a radiography audience is a comprehensive review of the clinical practice of CT colonography (CTC) edited by three authors with extensive clinical experience in this technique in USA, UK and South Africa. The book covers 22 chapters from patient centered communication and informed consent, through patient preparation, CTC techniques, image interpretation, pitfalls and artefacts, to legal frameworks and self-assessment of CTC images at the end of the book.

BACKGROUND: Although a shortage of organ donors is a continuing global problem in health care, obtaining authorization for donation after an individual experiences a traumatic nonsurvivable event can be difficult. OBJECTIVE: To improve organ donation practices at a level II trauma center. METHODS: After reviewing trauma mortality cases and performance improvement metrics with their organ procurement organization's hospital liaison, leaders at the trauma center implemented a multidisciplinary performance improvement initiative to engage the facility's donation advisory committee, provide education for staff members, and increase program visibility to create a more donation-friendly culture for the facility. RESULTS: The initiative led to an improved donation conversion rate and a greater number of organs procured. Continued education increased staff and provider awareness of organ donation, contributing to the positive outcomes. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary initiative that includes continuing staff education can improve organ donation practices and program visibility, ultimately benefiting patients in need of organ transplantation.

Abstract The severe neurologic tumor known as glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is rapidly progressive and debilitating. Supratotal resection (SpTR) is an emerging concept within glioma surgery, which aims to achieve a more extensive resection of the tumor than is possible with conventional techniques. We performed a language-independent search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify all available literature up to August 2022 of patients undergoing SpTR assessing survival outcomes in comparison to other surgical modalities. After screening for exclusion, a total of 13 studies, all retrospective in design, were identified and included in our meta-analysis. SpTR was associated with significantly increased overall survival (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.71–0.84; P &amp;lt; 0.01, I2 = 96%) and progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.2, 95% CI 0.07–0.56; P = 0.002, I2 = 88%). SpTR is associated with greater overall survival and PFS when compared with other glioblastoma surgeries like GTR or SubTR.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Research Article| December 01 1913 An Investigation into the Physico-chemical Mechanism of Haemolysis by Specific Haemolysins: Preliminary Communication Upendra Nath Brahmachari Upendra Nath Brahmachari 1The Campbell Medical School, Calcutta Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1913 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1913 Biochem J (1913) 7 (6): 562–567. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0070562 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Upendra Nath Brahmachari; An Investigation into the Physico-chemical Mechanism of Haemolysis by Specific Haemolysins: Preliminary Communication. Biochem J 1 December 1913; 7 (6): 562–567. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0070562 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1913 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1913 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

As the Department of Defense moves forward to secure Baghdad, military forces are being strategically dispersed in very austere environments. These forces live and work side-by-side with their Iraqi counterparts in an effort to clear, hold, and reconstruct the city block by block, and further separate the insurgents from the general population. Level II preventive medicine (PM) personnel directly support these forces and keep them in the fight by reducing acute illness and disease and nonbattle injuries. Level III PM is performing the traditional PM mission of reducing both acute and chronic illness while conducting Deployment Occupational Environmental Health Surveillance and supporting Level II PM. However, the doctrinal basis of Level III allocation and priorities of core competencies have shifted. Are we meeting the need? This article attempts to answer the question based on experience as a Level III PM detachment commander in Baghdad, and provide recommendations for change across the spectrum of the Army's structure of doctrine, organizations, training, materiel, leadership, education, personnel, and facilities.

Pandemics like COVID-19 have illuminated the significant disparities in the performance of national healthcare systems (NHCSs) during rapidly evolving crises. The challenge of comparing NHCS performance has been a difficult topic in the literature. To address this gap, our study introduces a bi-criteria longitudinal algorithm that merges fuzzy clustering with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This new approach provides a comprehensive and dynamic assessment of NHCS performance and efficiency during the early phase of the pandemic. By categorizing each NHCS as an efficient performer, inefficient performer, efficient underperformer, or inefficient underperformer, our analysis vividly represents performance dynamics, clearly identifying the top and bottom performers within each cluster of countries. Our methodology offers valuable insights for performance evaluation and benchmarking, with significant implications for enhancing pandemic response strategies. The study's findings are discussed from theoretical and practical perspectives, offering guidance for future health system assessments and policy-making.

Pathogenesis of hypertension The evolution of essential hypertension starts with hereditary or early-acquired cardiovascular, metabolic or hormonal dysregulations. These produce a vasculopathy which, in turn, raises vascular resistance (initially particularly in the kidneys). Nevertheless, as long as young subjects with a familial or genetic predisposition to hypertension are lean, their blood pressure (BP) is most often only slightly elevated and still within the normal range. Unfortunately, young subjects with a familial predisposition to hypertension also seem to be abnormally prone to central fat deposition. The latter acts as a key BP amplifier. With body fat, sympathetic tone and total blood volume also rise and increase peripheral vascular resistance relative to cardiac output. Thereby the “fat amplifier” triggers the transition from lean pre-hypertension to progressive central weight stages with borderline and eventually established hypertension. The ultimate pressor-pathogenic event in this evolutionary process, namely, the vasculopathy, is functional (inappropriate vasoconstriction) and/or, particularly with increasing BP, hypertension duration and metabolic complications, structural. Hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus is in part essential and overweight-promoted. The common co-existence of a genetic predisposition for hypertension with insulin resistance helps to explain the frequent occurrence of both, hypertension and diabetes, in a given individual. However, hypertension prevalence is twice as high in diabetic than in non-diabetic persons. Diabetes promotes hypertension by inducing sodium retention, a particularly pronounced tendency for vasculopathy and, in a minority of patients, nephropathy with impaired excretory function. Die Evolution der essentiellen Hypertonie beginnt mit hereditären oder frühzeitig erworbenen kardiovaskulären, metabolischen oder hormonalen Regulationsstörungen: Diese bewirken eine Vaskulopathie mit initial vor allem renaler Gefässwiderstands-Erhöhung. Solange familiär oder genetisch zur Hypertonie Prädisponierte jedoch schlank bleiben, ist ihr Blutdruck (BD) meist nur geringgradig und noch innerhalb des Normbereichs erhöht. Hypertonie-prädisponierte Personen scheinen aber auch verstärkt zu zentraler Fettanlagerung zu neigen. Diese spielt eine pathogenetische Schlüsselrolle. Denn mit dem Körperfett steigen die sympathische Aktivität und das Gesamt-Blutvolumen und damit der periphere Gefässwiderstand relativ zum Herzminutenvolumen an. So triggert der «Fettverstärker» die Progression von der idealgewichtigen prähypertensiven Phase zu «normal»- bis übergewichtigen Stadien mit Grenzwert- und schliesslich etablierter Hypertonie. Das ultimative Hypertonie-pathogenetische Ereignis, nämlich die Vaskulopathie, ist funktionell (unangemessene Vasokonstriktion) und/oder, vor allem bei zunehmender BD-Erhöhung, Hypertoniedauer und metabolischen Komplikationen, strukturell. Hypertonie in Assoziation mit Diabetes mellitus ist einesteils «essentiell» bzw. durch Übergewicht gefördert. Nachkommen essentiell hypertensiver Eltern haben oft eine schon vor vermehrter Fettanlagerung nachweisbare Insulin-Resistenz. Sie neigen deshalb nicht nur zu Hypertonie, sondern auch vermehrt zur Entwicklung eines Diabetes mellitus. Im Vergleich zu Nicht-Diabetikern steigt die Hypertonie-Prävalenz bei Diabetikern aufs Doppelte an. Ursächlich dafür sind eine für Diabetes mellitus charakteristische Natrium-Retention, die bei Diabetikern besonders ausgeprägte Tendenz zu Vaskulopathie und, nur bei einer Minorität der Diabetiker auftretend, eine Nephropathie mit verminderter Ausscheidungsfunktion.

Research Article| January 01 1909 Some Observations on the Haemolysis of Blood by Hyposmotic and Hyperosmotic Solutions of Sodium Chloride U. N. Brahmachari U. N. Brahmachari 1Campbell Hospital, Calcutta Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1909) 4 (1-2): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0040059 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation U. N. Brahmachari; Some Observations on the Haemolysis of Blood by Hyposmotic and Hyperosmotic Solutions of Sodium Chloride. Biochem J 1 January 1909; 4 (1-2): 59–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0040059 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1909 BIO-CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT, JOHNSTON LABORATORIES, UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL1909 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

is deaf on the rigblt n4.Ier genteral OQpdition is much the same, but she sleeps a reat deal.January 24th. )ur the night there was an alarming haemorrhage from the orbit, the blood coming from under the eye.The house-surgeon controlled it by pressure and by perchloride of iron, but not before the patient had become much collapsed.At the end of the haemorrhage the eye sank b4pk lito the orbit, and there was no proptosis.January 30th.The proptosis of the right eye is much

CASE I.A Bengalee female, a t .15, primipara, started in labour on the afternoon of 23rd November, 1907.On the morning of the 24th midwife was called in, who examined her and found the 08 dilated to admit two fingers.I saw her on the morning of the %th, and was told by the midwife that labour had not progressed during the previous 24 hours.The pains were strong and coming on every few minutes.The patient had had practically no sleep during the night, and had an anxious look and a rapid pulse.She begged to be relieved.The 08 now could admit, three fingers with difficulty.The head was low in the pelvis.The 08 was still soft and fairly dilatable, but had a tendency to edema.The membranes were tough and did not bulge through the os, but only became tense during a pain.There was very little forewater.I advised rupturing the membranes, which was done at about 8-30 a.m.I was informed that the 08 dilated fully in about 3 hour's time, and the woman was delivered at 1 p.m.An Armenian lady, aet.22, primipara, began to have regular labour pains from 3 p.m. on the 18th December, 1907.When the midwife in attendance examined her at 6 p-m., she could just put

The article explores the burgeoning role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in anesthesia and surgical practices, with the ultimate aim of enhancing patient outcomes. It underscores the necessity for refining AI algorithms while addressing legal and ethical concerns. AI's potential applications in healthcare are manifold, including predicting perioperative risks, detecting intraoperative events, and identifying postoperative complications for early intervention. The integration of AI in the operating room (OR) aims to augment human capabilities rather than replace healthcare professionals, thereby improving surgical safety and outcomes. Significantly, AI is posited to enhance efficiency and quality of care in healthcare settings. This includes automating referral management in anesthesia clinics, which face challenges like referral backlogs and labor-intensive processes. AI can streamline these processes, reduce paperwork, alleviate patient anxiety, and provide real-time feedback for more accurate and timely interventions. The article also highlights various AI applications in anesthesia, such as personalized anesthetic management, vital sign monitoring, and trend analysis in anesthesia practice. Additionally, the article delves into AI's transformative potential in pharmaceutical research, particularly in Central Nervous System (CNS) therapeutics. It mentions a study named "ADVENTURE" by the University Hospital, Strasbourg, focusing on using AI for classifying and analyzing adverse events in anesthesia. Furthermore, the use of AI in pediatric anesthesia for preoperative assessment, risk stratification, and managing various intraoperative challenges is discussed. AI's impact on reducing MRI scan times and enhancing ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is also highlighted. The article concludes with a discussion on the implementation of AI in healthcare. It emphasizes the need for accurate, diverse data sets and robust governance for successful AI integration. The goal is to streamline clinic operations, improve patient care quality, and increase patient satisfaction while ensuring AI's role as an aid, not a substitute, in clinical judgment.

Journal Article Nutrition Rehabilitation Reunions Get access WILLIAM A. M. CUTTING WILLIAM A. M. CUTTING C.S.I. Campbell Hospital, Jammalamdugu, Caddapah District A.P.South India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 18, Issue 4, December 1972, Pages 296–301, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/18.4.296 Published: 01 December 1972

Buerger's disease is none too clear an entity even in the minds of those who would be expected to comprehend it thoroughly, and this book should serve a useful purpose in spreading a clear knowledge of the disease. It, with Buerger's work published in 1924, gives a sharp picture of the condition. This book is based on the observations of 300 cases and many of them were thoroughly studied in the six years between 1922 and 1927. The entire subject is considered carefully. There is an interesting preliminary chapter which traces the history of the gradual differentiations of these obscure disturbances of the circulation of the extremities that result in gangrene. Following that, the etiology and pathology are given in detail in successive chapters. Then, in succeeding chapters there is an extensive consideration of the clinical course of the disease, its diagnosis and treatment and of many collateral subjects. The