Collège international des sciences territoriales
facilityParis, France
Research output, citation impact, and the most-cited recent papers from Collège international des sciences territoriales (France). Aggregated across the NobleBlocks index of 300M+ scholarly works.
Top-cited papers from Collège international des sciences territoriales
This handbook published by EMLYON Press gathers recent studies where data collected from Twitter helped explore fascinating questions in linguistics, marketing, urban studies and beyond.<br> <br> It comprises 13 chapters written by an international group of academics who participated in the conference "Twitter for Research" organized by EMLYON Business School in Lyon, France in April 2015.
International audience
Resume Des blogs et forums aux pages Facebook et comptes Twitter, le récent déluge des données numériques du web a fortement affecté la recherche en sciences sociales. Cette nouvelle catégorie d’information, utile à l’extraction des opinions politiques, se présente comme une alternative aux techniques traditionnelles telles que les sondages. Premièrement, en réalisant un état de l’art des études de l’opinion s’appuyant sur les données Twitter, cet article vise à mettre en relation les méthodes d’analyse utilisées dans ces études et les définitions de l’opinion politique qui y sont suggérées. Deuxièmement, cet article étudie la faisabilité de réaliser des analyses multi-échelles en sciences sociales concernant l’étude de l’opinion politique en exposant les mérites de plusieurs méthodes, allant des méthodes orientées contenus aux méthodes orientées interactions, de l’analyse statistique à l’analyse sémantique, des approches supervisées aux approches non supervisées. Le résultat de notre démarche est ainsi d’identifier les tendances futures de la recherche en sciences sociales concernant l’étude de l’opinion politique.
International audience
Abstract. Population information is a fundamental issue for effective disaster risk reduction. As demonstrated by numerous past and present crises, implementing an effective communication strategy is, however, not a trivial matter. This paper draws lessons from the seismo-volcanic “crisis” that began in the French overseas department of Mayotte in May 2018 and is still ongoing today. Mayotte's case study is interesting for several reasons: (i) although the seismo-volcanic phenomenon itself is associated with moderate impacts, it triggered a social crisis that risk managers themselves qualified as “a communication crisis”, (ii) risks are perceived mostly indirectly by the population, which poses specific challenges, in particular to scientists who are placed at the heart of the risk communication process, and (iii) no emergency planning or monitoring had ever been done in the department of Mayotte with respect to volcanic issues before May 2018, which means that the framing of monitoring and risk management, as well as the strategies adopted to share information with the public, has evolved significantly over time. Our first contribution here is to document the gradual organization of the official response. Our second contribution is an attempt to understand what may have led to the reported “communication crisis”. To that end, we collect and analyze the written information delivered by the main actors of monitoring and risk management to the public over the last 3 years. Finally, we compare its volume, timing, and content with what is known of at-risk populations' information needs. Our results outline the importance of ensuring that communication is not overly technical, that it aims to inform rather than reassure, that it focuses on risk and not only on hazard, and that it provides clues to possible risk scenarios. We issue recommendations for improvement of public information about risks, in the future, in Mayotte but also elsewhere in contexts where comparable geo-crises may happen.
National audience
Notre image du monde dépend dans une large mesure des flux d’information que nous recevons de l’étranger via les médias de masse. Nous proposons dans cet article un cadre d’analyse quantitative des flux médiatiques – marqueurs possibles des dynamiques contemporaines de mondialisation et de régionalisation – reposant sur le concept d’« agenda géomédiatique », c’est-à-dire le processus de sélection des unités territoriales qui sont portées à l’attention du public par les médias. Nous présentons pour cela trois modèles permettant d’identifier les ressemblances et les spécificités géographiques et temporelles de différents médias, et ainsi d’analyser la formation de l’actualité internationale selon trois perspectives distinctes.
Ce onzième numéro de la revue e-migrinter est issu des journées d’étude organisées par l’Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Migrinter et l’axe « Mobilités, Identités, Territoires » du Collège International des Sciences du Territoire (CIST), qui se sont tenues à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société de Poitiers les 19 et 20 novembre 2012. Les contributions réunies dans ce dossier interrogent les rapports entre mobilité et immobilité, dans des champs thématiques et des terrains variés...
This atlas provides a macro-regional overview of the areas that surround the European Union, from the Sahara to the Middle East, Western Balkans to European Russia, Turkey to the Arctic. Detailing key
International audience
Le cadre d’action de Sendai pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe rappelle que le succès de toute politique de gestion et de prévention des risques dépend de l’implication de l’ensemble de la société. Pourvoyeuse de connaissances, la recherche scientifique joue ici un rôle fondamental. Prenant acte de ce constat, l’Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) a souhaité faire, en 2019, un bilan des projets de recherche qu’elle a financés sur la thématique des risques et catastrophes naturels. Ce travail, réalisé par un comité scientifique constitué pour l’occasion, a donné lieu à la publication d’un cahier 1 , puis, en collaboration avec les alliances AllEnvi et Athéna, à l’organisation d’une journée d’échange 2 avec la communauté des chercheurs. Cet article revient sur les principaux points du bilan, ainsi que sur les pistes de réflexion ouvertes par les discussions engagées lors du séminaire.
The principle of the rule of law, which subjects the government to the law ‘is intended to protect individuals against arbitrary governmental acts by constraints of substantive law, as well as by the introduction of regulated procedures’. The term ‘effective legal protection’ is part of ‘Eurospeak’ and its inherent rights are explicitly recognised in European administrative law. The reason for this is that in the French approach, law is seen as an objective order aiming at effective administration. French administrative law is thus essentially based on case law which creates some problems for accessibility to the law. The constitutional court was created by the 4 October 1958 Constitution to ensure the smooth functioning of the streamlined parliamentary system, keeping the legislature in its own jurisdiction. The Constitution of 1958 contains some basic principles like the equality before the law, and states that the civil courts are guardians of individual liberty.
Abstract. The capacity of individuals to cope with threatening situations depends directly on their capacity to anticipate what will come next. The media should play a key role in that respect, but an extensive analysis of earthquake media coverage by the international press reveals systematic biases. Exploring a corpus of 320 888 news articles published by 32 worldwide newspapers in 2015 in English, Spanish or French, we found that the press covers a very small number of events: 71 % of the news was dedicated to only 3 earthquakes (among the 1559 of magnitude 5+). A combination of frequency and content analysis reveals a typical framing of the earthquake news. Except for the Nepal quake, the duration of the coverage is usually very short. The news thus tends to focus on short-term issues: the event magnitude, tsunami alerts, human losses, material damage, and rescue operations. Longer-term issues linked to the recovery, restoration, reconstruction, mitigation and prevention are barely addressed. Preventive safety measures are almost never mentioned. The news on impacts show a peculiar appetency for death counts, material damage estimates and sensationalism. News on the response tends to emphasize the role played by the international community in helping the poor and vulnerable. The scientific content of the coverage is often restricted to mentions of the magnitude, with the concept of the seismic intensity being largely ignored. The notion of the seismic crisis also seems unclear, with aftershocks sometimes being treated as isolated events. Secondary hazards are barely mentioned, except in the case of tsunami alerts. Together, these biases contribute to fatalistic judgments that damage cannot be prevented. If scientific messages are to be communicated, they should be broadcast a few hours after an event. Why not taking that opportunity to familiarize people with the real timeline of seismic disasters?
International audience
This study proposes a geopolitical analysis of opinion dynamics based on a statistical exploration of a press dataset covering 2014–2019. This exploration questions three case studies of geopolitical and international interest: international migration, political borders, and pandemics. Through the framework of geopolitical agenda, the aim of this study is to question the “crisis” status of changes in the media coverage of the three topics in a cross-analysis and multilingual analysis of 20 western European newspapers. It concludes that there is a prevalence of national agendas.
National audience
La polysémie du mot « Europe » recouvre une diversité d’objets géographiques aux contenus sémantiques et aux géométries différentes, que le géographe aurait pour mission de définir. Peu de régions du monde voient fleurir autant de débats. La tâche est ardue tant les représentations collectives de l’Europe diffèrent selon la formation, les expériences ou la position sociale des individus.
AIM: While alpine-treeline ecotones are expected to shift upwards and densify under climate warming, observed dynamics vary across mountain ranges. Most studies focus solely on elevational shifts, yet different dimensions may respond to different drivers-limiting our ability to predict ecosystem responses. We examined multiple aspects of treeline ecotone changes (elevational shifts, spatial-pattern changes, and infilling) in the temperate mountain range of the Pyrenees, focusing on the eastern French sector, and uncovered interactions between climate, topography, land use, and lithology at different spatial scales. METHODS: We studied 626 treeline ecotones in the eastern French Pyrenees to examine elevational shifts, spatial-pattern changes, and infilling in relation to climate, land-use, and habitat drivers. Regression and factorial analyses identified key drivers and recurrent environmental combinations affecting treeline ecotone dynamics. RESULTS: Three environmental clusters revealed contrasting regional dynamics across the eastern French Pyrenees. Western treeline ecotones showed the strongest upward shift, central treeline ecotones exhibited the highest local infilling, and eastern high-elevation treeline ecotones displayed downward shift and diffuse patterns. Overall, local topography influenced fine-scale infilling, while regional land-use and biogeographic contexts controlled broader treeline ecotone elevational shift, highlighting how different drivers operate at multiple spatial scales. CONCLUSION: Understanding the effects of climate change requires considering multiple dimensions beyond elevational shifts, as each aspect of treeline ecotone dynamics responds differently to drivers operating at different spatial scales. Management strategies should adapt to multi-scale contexts rather than uniform approaches, particularly where treeline ecotone structure indicates scale-dependent processes.
Les juges et les auteurs allemands font figure de pionniers, non seulement avec la consécration, dès l’après-guerre, du principe de sécurité juridique dans une construction d’ensemble dont il occupe la position centrale, mais également avec l’effort de systématisation de ses contours dans ses diverses expressions et manifestations. En particulier, la conception originelle de la sécurité juridique a consacré sa dimension subjective sous la forme du principe général de protection de la confiance légitime issu de l’État de droit, mais la question se pose de savoir si les évolutions récentes des jurisprudences constitutionnelle et administrative ne vont pas conduire à l’avenir à privilégier la sécurité juridique dans sa dimension objective et à déléguer à la protection des droits fondamentaux la garantie des intérêts de confiance des citoyens.
La science occupe une fonction importante face au risque de catastrophe. On n’attend rien moins d’elle qu’elle fournisse le socle d’« évidences » sur lequel fonder l’action collective. De sorte que lorsqu’une décision doit être prise, les scientifiques se trouvent naturellement appelés à intervenir. Les modalités de leur intervention sont cependant à géométrie variable et il ne leur est pas toujours facile de trouver leur « juste » place. Dans cet article, nous reviendrons sur quelques difficultés inhérentes à l’articulation entre recherche et expertise, puis nous nous interrogerons sur les nouveaux défis ouverts par les transformations des rapports entre science et société intervenues au cours des dernières décennies.