Consejería de Desarrollo Educativo y Formación Porfesional

Fall from height is a cause of concern in the construction sector. Appropriate use of a harness can be the difference between an incident or a critical accident. Monitoring the proper use of a harness in the workplace using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices is a recent and effective approach. The aim of this article is to identify typical limitations in a BLE monitoring system in order to propose solutions according to the existing literature. Alternative solutions found in the literature showed that the integration of BLE with other technologies such as building information modeling, radio-frequency identification or the global positioning system can improve the effectiveness of current monitoring approaches based only on BLE and reduce rates of fall from height accidents. For correct integration, both technological factors (cost, compatibility, data transmission) and cultural factors (social acceptance, procedures, etc.) must be taken into account.

In this paper we address the issue of safety in the use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) in construction, industrial, or similar sites where power tools are used. We propose a novel solution that can control actively the power of the tool depending on the worker–tool distance. It is based on RSSI information transmitted by BLE devices arranged in a particular rig, combined with a Bayesian distance estimator. Such an approach minimizes the required instrumentation of the workplace and also the number of configuration parameters; therefore it enables a wide range of applications. Our aim is not only to signal risky situations caused by the misuse of the PPE (either due to its bad fitting or a wrong distance to the tool), but to intervene in a fast and robust way to avoid the safety risk. This solution is built upon previous results on the statistically sound measurement of distances and closeness in construction sites. Here, we contribute with a thorough analysis of collocating several BLE transmitters near orthogonally, which reduces interferences while avoiding the cost of more advanced technologies. We study how many transmitters are needed and what parameters are the best in the Bayesian filter for the optimal performance of the system. Real experiments with a prototype have been conducted in a construction workshop where a person operates a miter saw. The results show how the correct use of the PPE (an earmuff equipped with the BLE transmitters) can be inferred from the distance estimation in a robust and reliable way.

Teachers are frequently exposed to several occupational risks. The continuous use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) represents a potential source of technostress among teachers. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the technostress levels of school and high school teachers in Spain. The methodology applied in the manuscript, namely the staticized group technique was based on an expert panel. Results showed high levels of technostress in both dimensions (techno-anxiety and techno-fatigue). Experts highlighted the relationship between administrative tasks and technostress. More rational and efficient distribution of the workload associated with administrative obligations of the teachers, could reduce the level of technostress in the education sector. Results from the current research can help to improve working conditions of teachers considering the findings to design preventive strategies adapted to the profile of teachers and their organization. Some policy interventions such as occupational safety training, institutional technical support, and computer training programs could reduce the levels of technostress and mitigate associated negative impacts concerning the occupational health of teachers.

Sustainable mobility is a current challenge in our society. Research shows that carpooling systems are potential solutions that could mitigate environmental pollution and urban congestion and provide cost savings for their users. Despite their potential benefits, the levels of carpooling practices among some occupations could be improved. Teachers are suitable for carpooling experiences due to their specific working conditions (e.g., timetables, destinations changes, path matches); however, there is no research solely focused on teachers. Thus, the current research aimed to analyze the barriers and incentives for teachers using carpooling systems for commuting. A panel member was selected following the staticized group technique. Panelists were surveyed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of carpooling. Results showed that fuel savings were considered by the expert panel as the most important incentive for carpooling. For short distances, carpooling was not considered the best commuting option. Additionally, the increase in travel time and loss of personal independence were identified as relevant barriers. Based on the opinions of experts, it can be concluded that carpooling barriers outweigh the incentives for the commuting of teachers. To promote carpooling practices, institutional mobility plans with advantages for carpoolers could improve the teachers' perceptions about carpooling. Future carpooling strategies should consider these results to promote incentives and address the identified barriers.

RESUMEN Cada vez somos más conscientes del amplio espectro de emociones que se viven en los centros educativos. Existe multitud de trabajos científicos que evidencian la necesidad de incorporar programas de educación emocional en dichos centros. Nos planteamos una investigación que tiene como objetivo identificar los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la Autonomía emocional del profesorado. El diseño metodológico que seguimos tiene un enfoque mixto. La recogida de datos cuantitativos se ha realizado a través del cuestionario de desarrollo emocional CDE A-35, administrado a una muestra de 352 docentes de Andalucía. Como procedimientos cualitativos se han realizado entrevistas autobiográficas que incorporan técnicas y herramientas del coaching personal a 7 de estos docentes. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que los factores que potencian la Autonomía emocional del profesorado son la vocación docente y la relación con los iguales y con el alumnado. Los factores que la limitan son los miedos personales y la dificultad para planificarse. Como conclusiones, se han identificado los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la Autonomía emocional y en los que se debería centrar una futura intervención. Asimismo, se ha observado que el proceso de coaching personal ha servido para que el profesorado tome conciencia de sus necesidades de formación emocional.ABSTRACT We are increasingly aware of the broad spectrum of emotions that are experienced in schools. Experience and scientific literature provide evidence that supports the need for emotional education programs in schools. The main objective of our investigation is to identify the factors that influence the development of the teachers’ emotional autonomy. The methodological design we follow has a mixed approach. Quantitative data collection has been obtained from the emotional development questionnaire CDE A-35 v. 3, administered to a sample of 352 teachers from Andalusia and the qualitative autobiographical interviews with 7 of these teachers that incorporate Life Coaching tools and techniques. The results of the research show that the factors that enhance emotional autonomy are the teaching vocation and the relationship with peers and students. Those that reveal limitations in relation to this autonomy are personal fears and planning difficulty. In conclusion, the factors that influence the development of emotional Autonomy have been identified, on which a future intervention should focus. Likewise, it has been observed that the process of Life Coaching is useful to make teachers aware of their emotional training needs.

Occupational traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries or deaths among workers. Teachers in Spain are especially concerned about the problem of commuting due to their particular labor conditions. Multiple work-related factors are associated with the risk and severity of occupational traffic-related motor vehicle crashes. The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of the variables associated with the severity of occupational traffic accidents among teachers in Spain. A logistic regression model was used for the current study. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the injured worker on a sample of 20,190 occupational traffic accidents suffered by teachers. The results showed that women, Spanish nationality, younger than 55 years, and those driving a car were more likely to suffer a light crash. In contrast, men, foreign nationalities, older than 55 years, and those riding a motorbike were more likely to suffer a serious crash. Based on these findings, motor vehicle safety training could be designed and adapted to the riskiest profiles. Additionally, effective mobility plans for commuting could help reduce work-related traffic accidents.

El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer relaciones de asociación, interdependencia y predicción estructural entre las variables ansiedad evaluativa, authorregulación y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés. El marco teórico de referencia fue el modelo de la competencia de Studying, Learning, and Performing under Stress (SLPS). Participaron 142 estudiantes, que se estaban preparando en academias de Almería (España) para obtener plaza como maestros en centros públicos. Para la recogida de datos se administraron cuestionarios escritos previamente validados. El diseño fue ex post-facto lineal, con análisis de asociación bivariada, inferenciales (ANOVAs y MANOVAs) y de predicción estructural. Los resultados mostraron una relación negativa entre la ansiedad evaluativa y la autorregulación, especialmente en los estudiantes con alta emocionalidad, con un impacto negativo para la toma de decisiones. También se encontraron relaciones positivas entre la ansiedad evaluativa y las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés. Por último, se constató la relación de predicción positiva entre la autorregulación y las estrategias de afrontamiento, a la vez que los análisis asociativos e inferenciales destacaron el papel de las metas como determinantes de las estrategias usadas para afrontar el estrés, especialmente, las referidas a la focalización en la resolución de problemas. Se discuten los resultados y se establecen implicaciones para las mejoras de estos procesos en los estudiantes opositores. The research objective was to establish relationships of association, interdependence and structural prediction between the variables of test anxiety, self-regulation and stress coping strategies. The theoretical framework of reference was the Studying, Learning and Performing under Stress (SLPS) Competency Model. Participating were 142 students who were preparing for professional examinations to attain a post as public school teacher (primary education), enrolled at academies in Almería (Spain) for this purpose. Previously validated questionnaires were administered for data collection. The study design was linear ex post-facto, with bivariate, inferential analyses of association (ANOVAs and MANOVAs) and of structural prediction. Results showed a negative relationship between test anxiety self-regulation, especially in students with high emotionality, and a negative impact on decision making. Positive relationships were found between test anxiety and strategies for coping with stress. Finally, a positive predictive relationship was verified between self-regulation and coping strategies, while associative and inferential analyses highlighted the role of goals as determining factors in strategies used for coping with stress, especially strategies that focus on problem solving. Results are discussed and implications for improving these processes in professional examination candidates are established.

Educational institutions and their agents play a fundamental role in improving people's health literacy and quality of life. We intend here to describe and justify an educational resource embodied in an application for mobile devices developed through a subsidized project by the Ministry of Health (Government of Andalusia); the purpose of this app is to educate young people in healthy habits. The application was designed to be easily used in both smartphones and tablets with the aim of achieving good physical, psychological and social health. The project comprises several phases and the results we have so far show that, from an early age, health institutions and educational settings must work in partnership, increasing health literacy levels. This cooperative work combined with the use of this innovative approach presents an important potential for change in the lifestyles of younger generations. This type of intervention took on a special role in the pandemic context, allowing for the maintenance of the educational stimulus in a safe context.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing professionals face a multitude of daily occupational hazards that can cause occupational accidents. AIM: The objective of this work is to analyze the personal variables included in official accident reports, to evaluate their influence on occupational accidents suffered by nursing and nursing assistant professionals. METHODOLOGY: A total of 187,821 occupational accidents recorded in Spain from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed in the sector using contingency tables, chi-square, and corrected standardized residuals. RESULTS: The results showed that the older the professional, the probability that once the accident had occurred, its severity would be more serious. Regarding gender, men are more likely to suffer more serious accidents compared to accidents registered by women. Results about the length of service and nationality did not reach statistical significance in the group of accidents analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The planning of preventive measures must be adapted to the profiles of the workers in the most vulnerable sector.

Los objetivos del estudio fueron: (a) explorar el efecto de dos unidades didácticas de educación deportiva (baloncesto y floorball) sobre el rendimiento de juego y el conocimiento de alumnado de educación primaria, de acuerdo con su nivel de habilidad, y (b) conocer si hubieron diferencias de acuerdo con el deporte (baloncesto y floorball). Los participantes fueron 33 alumnos de dos clases de educación primaria. El estudio siguió un enfoque de métodos mixtos. Dos unidades didácticas (baloncesto y floorball) fueron aplicadas en dos clases diferentes, una que experimentó con baloncesto y la otra con floorball. Los datos cuantitativos se obtuvieron a través de un diseño pre-experimental pretest-postest. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con el rendimiento de juego (toma de decisión, ejecución técnica, rendimiento de juego, implicación en el juego) y el conocimiento. Los resultados de aprendizaje del alumnado fue también analizado utilizando datos cualitativos del: (a) análisis realizado por expertos y (b) la percepción de los propios alumnos y el maestro. Los resultados fueron afectados por el deporte enseñado y el nivel de habilidad del alumnado. El maestro enfatizó que fue complejo para el alumnado de primaria comprender determinados conceptos tácticos y técnicos, especialmente en floorball. En educación primaria, la experiencia previa del alumnado con el contenido y el nivel de habilidad condicionó los resultados de las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento de juego y el conocimiento. Se sugiere que las unidades didácticas basadas en el modelo de educación deportiva en deportes de invasión con implemento, como ocurre en floorball en educación primaria, podría requerir de una instrucción más concreta y unidades didácticas más largas con el fin de garantizar un nivel mínimo de aprendizaje técnico y táctico. The purposes of the study were (a) to explore the effect of two-sport education units (basketball and floorball) on game performance and game knowledge of primary education students according to their skill level, and (b) to know whether there were differences according to the sport taught (basketball and floorball). The participants were 33 students from two primary school classes. This study followed a mixed-methods approach. Two teaching units (basketball and floorball) were applied in two different classes, one class experienced basketball and the other floorball. Quantitative data were obtained through a simple pre-experimental pretest-posttest design. We analysed game performance variables (decision making, skill execution, game performance, game involvement) and game knowledge. Students’ performance was also measured using qualitative data which were collected through two methods: (a) experts analysis on game performance of students, and (b) students’ and teacher’s perception of students´ performance with sport education. The results were affected both the sport taught and the skill level of students. The teacher emphasized that it was very complex for the primary students to understand some tactical and technical concepts, especially in floorball. At the primary level, student previous experience with the content and skill level conditioned the results in the variables related with game performance and knowledge. It is suggested that enacting sport education units of invasion games with implement such as floorball, at the primary level, might require more explicit instruction and longer teaching units in order to guarantee a minimum level of technical and tactical improvement.

El papel de la Inspección Educativa en relación con la innovación educativa ha supuesto históricamente un rol complejo de asumir debido a las funciones que se le asigna y el modo en que éstas se desarrollan.En este artículo intentaremos proporcionar, partiendo de un breve recorrido por el desarrollo histórico y de la realidad actual de la Inspección de Educación en España y Europa, una propuesta de futuro que permita a esta institución detectar, promover, participar y extender las innovaciones que se desarrollan en los centros educativos.

Car journeys to work represent a high percentage of daily mobility. Carpooling can be an efficient alternative for managing this transport demand. Carpooling benefits are not limited to reducing emissions and energy consumption: users can also benefit in the reduction in travel costs and travel time using high-occupancy vehicle lanes, as well as reducing commuting stress. The organization of such a system is not easy to carry out individually. Institutions and companies with a high number of employees are suitable for carpooling initiatives, and the education sector holds a high number of workers. Considering the large number of teachers and the fact that many of them are regular drivers, the sector presents an opportunity to design a formal carpooling transport system. This paper presents the design of a proposal for a carpooling system among workers from the education sector in the region of Andalusia, Spain. The system yielded relevant benefits such as cost savings, emissions reductions, and a high number of potential users. The designed system can potentially improve transport conditions for workers in commuting displacements and reduce occupational traffic accidents.

Background: The aging of the population together with sedentary lifestyle, can cause a functional deterioration that leads to the decrease of physical condition and quality of life. Promoting active aging can improve the quality of life and physical condition of our elders. Objective: This work aims to investigate the available scientific evidence on the effect of physical activity in older adults, in terms of quality of life, physical condition, and maintenance of functional independence. Material and method: A systematic review was performed in the WOS, SCOPUS and PubMed databases. Selection of articles: Intervention studies evaluating the quality of life and functional capacity of older adults were included. The studies were evaluated according to methodological quality with the PEDro scale. Results: 1331 articles were found, of which 17 were included. Interventions included resistance, strength, balance, coordination, and gait speed exercises. The main findings indicated that a higher rate of physical activity was associated with less impairment of physical and cognitive functions in older adults and, therefore, with a better quality of life. Conclusions: an active lifestyle is associated with a better quality of life, better physical condition and maintenance of functional independence. Other studies, with greater homogeneity in the data collection instruments, with greater frequency of interventions, would be convenient to define the most appropriate exercise programs and to increase the scientific evidence.

Background: Healthcare has been revolutionized by the application of information and communication technologies. The implementation of electronic health record systems improves the quality and safety of patient healthcare. Nursing students who start learning the nursing process without contact with real patients experience difficulties in its correct application. Purpose: To compare the acquisition of skills and competencies in the nursing process by undergraduate nursing students between conventional learning with books and learning with an academic electronic health record system (Diraya). Methods: A controlled experimental study was conducted and included 379 students with a mean age of 20.54 ± 5.09 years, enrolled in the “Nursing Process and Basic Care” degree course at the School of Health Sciences in Granada. All participants gave their informed consent and were allocated by convenience sampling to a control group (n = 187; 21.20 ± 5.77 years) or an experimental group (n = 192, 19.91 ± 4.24 years). Findings: The experimental and control groups did not differ in sex distribution (p = 0.20), mean age (p = 0.01), or previous knowledge of the nursing process (p = 0.96). The groups did not significantly differ in multi-choice test results on the acquisition of theoretical knowledge (p = 0.13). However, the experimental group scored higher on clinical case planning (9.47 ± 0.80 vs. 8.95 ± 1.17; p < 0.001), took less time to complete it (46.9 ± 8.76 min vs. 82.66 ± 13.14 min; p < 0.001), and needed fewer autonomous learning hours to prepare for the final examination (2.26 ± 2.41 vs. 9.58 ± 3.83; p < 0.001). Satisfaction with the program and the rating of its quality were generally higher in the experimental group, while greater difficulty with most phases of the nursing process was reported by the control group. Conclusions: The academic electronic health record system “Diraya” is a useful tool to improve the learning and implementation of the nursing process by undergraduate nursing students.

El gran número de servicios deportivos, como de usuarios, ha generado la necesidad de investigaciones que establezcan perfiles de usuarios con el objeto de adecuar la oferta a la demanda. Por ello, este estudio pretendió conocer las intenciones de comportamiento futuro de los usuarios de servicios deportivos españoles e identificar la posible existencia de grupos homogéneos de usuarios, con particularidades o características diferenciales. Se encuestó a 2,181 usuarios de 25 servicios deportivos españoles. Se realizó un análisis de conglomerados. los resultados mostraron valores positivos de intenciones de comportamiento futuro a la vez que se establecieron cuatro grupos donde las variables sociodemográficas estudiadas presentan diferencias entre ellos. las conclusiones extraídas de este trabajo suponen información de gran ayuda para los gestores deportivos a la hora de desarrollar estrategias de marketing y publicidad, y obtener un mayor grado de compromiso del usuario con la empresa.

Nos proponemos conocer los factores motivacionales que influyen en adolescentes que realizan actividad física deportiva extraescolar, analizando cómo estos factores se comportan como predictores. Se trata de un estudio no experimental, de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal. 307 adolescentes de entre 12 y 18 años respondieron un cuestionario ad hoc para recabar información básica sociodemográfica (sexo, curso escolar, características del deporte practicado) y la Escala de Medida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes que practicaban deportes colectivos estaban más motivados en todos los factores que los que practicaban deportes individuales. Los que practicaban más horas destacaron por una motivación más centrada en la competencia, aunque también lo hicieron respecto al factor disfrute, concretando así su tendencia hacia la motivación intrínseca. La competición promovió mayor motivación en todos sus factores a diferencia de los deportes no competitivos. La apariencia y el disfrute se comportaron mutuamente como predictores motivacionales negativos, pudiéndose deber a la dependencia extrínseca de la apariencia. Destacamos que la principal motivación de los deportistas en general hacia la práctica de actividad física deportiva es el disfrute, seguido de los motivos por competencia, social, fitness y, por último, la apariencia.

El término de tecnoestrés está fuertemente vinculado con todos aquellos efectos psicosociales negativos relacionados con el uso de las TIC. Actualmente, en muchas de las empresas se trabaja con multitud de aparatos y medios tecnológicos, tales como, teléfonos móviles, tabletas, Internet, ordenadores, etc., todos estos cambios y novedades tecnológicas ponen sobre la mesa problemas técnicos, humanos y sociales, tanto para los trabajadores como para las empresas. La revisión bibliográfica ha sido llevada a cabo realizando una búsqueda inicial a través de dos bases de datos: ScienceDirect y PsycNet. Los resultados mostraron que el tecnoestrés es un fenómeno reciente que ha tenido un importante auge en nuestra sociedad en los últimos años, pudiendo afectar en especial a los trabajadores de oficinas. Los autores, coinciden en que, en la gran mayoría de situaciones, el aumento de las demandas laborales excede por bastante diferencia al aumento de los recursos laborales procedentes de la tecnología móvil. Tanto la sobrecarga por correo como el CSE, son unos excelentes indicadores para predecir el ‘burnout’ y la motivación en el trabajo, quedando así relacionado el efecto ‘burnout’ con el estrés por sobrecarga de emails.

Background: Occupational accidents suffered by male teachers can be a source of injury to different parts of the body and can lead to absence from work. However, there are only a limited number of studies focused on this topic; the current research evaluates the influence of the main variables associated with occupational injuries among male teachers. Methods: Logistic regression based on the calculation of the odds ratio (OR) was used on a sample of 42,878 occupational accidents suffered by male teachers in the period 2003–2018. Results: Male teachers under 45 years of age with less than one year of experience obtained better results for most types of injury. In contrast, those older than 45 years and with more experience obtained worse results. Conclusions: No single variable was detected with the same protective or risk effect through the different parts of the body injured. Teachers’ safety training adapted to risk profiles and injuries could improve accident rates in the education sector.

Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar unmodelo de gestión de competencias profesionales que surge como necesidad para el desarrollo del Plan General de Actuación de la Inspección Educativa de Andalucía para el periodo 2019-2023. El enfoque del modelo pretende ser una herramienta útil que permita dinamizar y flexibilizar la inspección educativa como organización, ya que separa la organización del trabajo —gestión por procesos—de la organización de las personas —gestión por competencias profesionales—, pero a la vez vincula a los inspectores e inspectoras de educación como únicos protagonistas del desarrollo de los procesos recogidos en el Plan General de Actuación y de los procesos de cambio tras la detección de necesidades y/o de nuevas demandas a la Inspección Educativa de Andalucía. Se ha aplicado al funcionariado que quiere acceder al Cuerpo de Inspectores de Educación durante la fase de prácticas en el curso 2021-2022, y del resultado que se obtenga derivarán las líneas de avance que procedan.

La vida litúrgica de las Iglesias ortodoxas de tradición bizantina es muy amplia y rica, por la variedad de acciones sagradas que practican habitualmente. Entre los diversos actos sagrados nos ocupamos de los sacramentales; unos forman parte del desarrollo de los sacramentos y de la divina liturgia, y otros, de elementos de la vida cotidiana de los creyentes.En este estudio abordaremos a grandes rasgos las nociones, la evolución histórica y las fluctuaciones en torno a la concepción y el número de los ritos sagrados practicados desde tiempos antiguos hasta nuestros días, la perspectiva ortodoxa de la sacralidad de la vida cristiana y el poder santificador de la Iglesia, las características generales (en las que entran en juego las diferencias existentes con los sacramentos), los elementos constitutivos (las similitudes que tienen con los sacramentos) y la división de los “sacramentales” ortodoxos, atendiendo a varios criterios, según sean el tipo de consagraciones y de bendiciones destinadas o bien a glorificar el nombre de Dios o bien a santificar la vida de los cristianos.Tales “sacramentales” son concebidos por los teólogos ortodoxos como instrumentos capaces de comunicar la gracia celestial, de modo análogo a los sacramentos, dado que están provistos de elementos de naturaleza sacramental. En todo este desarrollo y configuración de los “sacramentales” en las Iglesias bizantinas ha tenido mucho que ver el influjo ejercido por la teología católica latina en el Oriente ortodoxo. Pese a toda la reflexión teológica ortodoxa madurada y la influencia recibida del Occidente latino, parece difícil encontrar en la teología ortodoxa oficial y entre los autores bizantinos una delimitación clara y unívoca entre sacramentos y “sacramentales”. Todo ello nos ayudará a adquirir una visión más clara y completa sobre la sacramentalidad de la vida litúrgica de la Iglesia ortodoxa y de la vida en general.