Directorate for Engineering

This paper presents an overview of the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), a Major Research Equipment project for the National Science Foundation, which has been authorized by the Congress of the United States for a total funding of $81.9 million between October 1, 1999 and September 30, 2004.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether polyurethane foam (PUF) could be produced as a Standard Reference Material for ultimate use in a standard test intended to ensure the smoldering performance of commercially available upholstered furniture. For this purpose, PUF was produced by a commercial manufacturer and its smoldering propensity was evaluated. The experimental design was organized into four parts or "Iterations". In Iteration 1, the results showed that smoldering intensity was dominated by foam morphology (cell size, strut thickness and length, open vs. closed cell structure, etc.), which overrode effects of chemical composition for the range of polyols and surfactants studied. In Iteration 2, the morphology of the foam was controlled by varying the processing parameters, that is, the tin catalyst content, water content and mixing head pressure. The results showed that smoldering increased with air permeability but that a better morphological descriptor of the foam structure was required to fully characterize smoldering in the high permeability range (i.e., in PUF with a dominantly open-cell structure). In Iteration 3, it was determined that for these PUFs, smoldering was controlled by cell size. The feasibility of a reference material with well-characterized and reproducible smoldering is linked to the ability to manufacture an open-cell PUF with a well-defined cell size and density. Preliminary data from Iteration 4 indicates that PUFs with consistent smoldering can be produced on a commercial scale manufacturing line.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Water Treatment Biological Applications Gas Separation and Additional Applications

Because of its complexity, participate and multiphase processing was treated mostly with empiricism in the past decades, while other areas as such as single fluid and solid mechanics attracted most of the scientific attention and relative progress. Currently, we are witnessing a significant shift of fortune that offers an outstanding challenge and opportunity to the paniculate community. The methods of investigation for particulate and multiphase processes are rapidly moving from macroscopic (bulk) to microscopic and mesoscopic (particle-scale) analysis. The connection between the flow microstructure and macroscopic behavior is a central research issue, and can provide a rational approach for predictive methods and new design in various industrial processes. New concepts for particle use have emerged from basic understanding, as well as from various needs of new industries and environmental projects. Particulate processes have been introduced in areas such as advanced materials, microelectronics, bioprocessing, medicine, nanotechnology, spray forming, and coatings, because of the special capabilities and flexibility offered by particulates to engineer systems with control microstructures and properties. A fresh look at particle science and technology passing through a paradigm shift is the object of this paper. Research trends will be outlined, including particle generation and assembling, use of non-intrusive visualization techniques, and direct numerical simulation. Education should encompass not only the phenomenological aspects, but advanced mathematics, physics, chemistry, microstructural experiments, and numerical simulations. An increasing number of traditional particulate manufacturing processes are optimized from a science-based perspective, and even replaced by more complex, better controlled, high-tech processes. Use of particles in new technologies will be exemplified.

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In the new international context, we are facing new challenges and an uncertain environment. As a result we can no longer rely on simply replacing old systems with new equivalents to meet our needs. We need to assess the most cost‐effective mix of systems to meet UK's Policy needs over a wide range of potential operations. In this article Dr Paul Hollinshead, Assistant Director in the Directorate of Force Development (DFD) discusses the two areas DFD hopes to address in its post‐SDR work; forging a much stronger link between Policy and the equipment programme and to provide the longer term perspective (out to 30 years) for MoD planning. He discusses the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) which is predicated on the view that information dominance is the key to future warfighting and describes the sort of questions we should be asking in order to make cost‐effective decisions about investment in ICS/ISTAR systems and informed choices about the development of UK force structure. He also asks whether we are looking to RMA to increase our capability still further against a declining threat, rather than provide equivalent capability with reduced resources—a point ignored by many in this area. He argues that ultimately, as with any other system, investment in ICS/ISTAR must be assessed against the context of meeting MoD's aims as laid out in UK Defence Policy and not simply driven by technology push or military/industrial desires.

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Ajayi Crowther University Direct Entry For 2026/2027 Admission Form is Out (0)7040964654) JUPEB form See Requirements, Courses & How to Apply The 2026/2027 University Admission Form is now available (07040964654)(DR MRS FAITH) for qualified candidates seeking admission into undergraduate, direct entry, pre-degree, and postgraduate programmes. Thousands of students across Nigeria are already preparing for the new academic session. If you plan to secure admission this year, here’s everything you need to know — clearly explained. 2026/2027 Admission Now Open Universities have begun releasing their admission forms for the 2026/2027 academic session. Candidates are advised to apply early to avoid last-minute portal issues and missed deadlines. Admission is open into various faculties including: Arts and HumanitiesSciencesEngineeringSocial and Management SciencesHealth SciencesEducation Who Is Eligible to Apply? Undergraduate Applicants Minimum of five (5) O’Level credits including English Language and MathematicsValid UTME resultParticipation in Post-UTME screeningDirect Entry Applicants OND, HND, NCE, IJMB, JUPEB, or equivalent qualificationRequired O’Level creditsPostgraduate Applicants Bachelor’s degree from a recognized institutionNYSC certificate (where required)Always confirm specific course requirements on the official university portal before submitting your applicati