Engineering Laboratory

Although sunitinib possesses significant clinical effects on imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the individuals with GIST eventually become resistant to treatment with this tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The mechanism of resistance to sunitinib is still under investigation. To address this issue, we have established sunitinib-resistant GIST-T1 sublines (designated as GIST-T1R) by culturing cells with increasing concentrations of sunitinib. GIST-T1R cells were also resistant to imatinib-mediated growth inhibition. Examination of intracellular signaling found that Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling remained activated in GIST-T1R but not in parental GIST-T1 cells, after exposure of these cells to sunitinib, as measured by immunoblotting. Further study found that the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene was silenced by methylation of the promoter region of the gene. Notably, forced-expression of PTEN in GIST-T1R cells negatively regulated the Akt/mTOR pathways and sensitized these cells to sunitinib-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis. Taken together, epigenetic silence of PTEN might be one of the mechanisms which cause drug-resistance in individuals with GIST after exposure to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Blockade of the PI3K/Akt signaling with the specific inhibitors could be useful in such a case.

El presente trabajo pretende diagnosticar la percepción de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración, Campus Coatzacoalcos, de la Universidad Veracruzana, con relación a su economía familiar en el contexto del covid-19. El estudio cuenta con un enfoque cuantitativo y con un alcance descriptivo y es de corte transversal. En cuestión a la construcción del instrumento, se fusionó la versión corta y adaptada del cuestionario diseñado por Cheung y Lucas (2014, citados en Romero y Matamoros, 2020) “Satisfaction with Life Scale” y la Encuesta sobre el impacto de la COVID-19 en las familias, realizada por Plena Inclusión Madrid (2020). Esta fusión resultó en un instrumento de 20 ítems, dividido en datos demográficos y en dos dimensiones que responden a la situación económica familiar y laboral en el contexto del covid-19. Entre los resultados, sobresalen que el 50 % de los hogares presentan reducción de los ingresos y aumento de gastos extras y afectación al acceso a los servicios básicos, que el 25 % ha sido separado de su empleo de manera definitiva y que el 28 % ha sido suspendido temporalmante, en ese sentido se concluye que, por parte del Estado, se deben fortalecer las politicas públicas.

The new publishing and scientific communication environments have led to the emergence of new Web indicators. Along with usage metrics such as downloads there are many measures that are generated from Science 2.0. Journals published by the Public Library of Science systematically collect many of these new metrics. The objective of this paper is to present some of these new indicators and analyze them quantitatively through the case study of 8945 papers published in the journal PLoS One. The selected indicators were; comments, ratings, number of bookmarks, links from scientific weblogs, downloads views and citations. Basic descriptive statistics indicators and correlations have been calculated for all of them. The results show the low participation of scientists in Web 2.0 and how most of these indicators, except for downloads and visits, are poorly consolidated metrics.

El estudio de la movilidad cotidiana en la RMB ha significado el replanteamiento de los instrumentos metodológicos necesarios para estudiar este fenómeno. La contextualización localizada de los sujetos bajo análisis ha sido substituida por el análisis de sus movilidades, de su direccionalidad y del significado que poseen en su vida cotidiana. Esta etnografía móvil se ha apoyado esencialmente en el instrumento del acompañamiento de los viajes y los desplazamientos de las personas para ir al trabajo, a estudiar o a solucionar todo el universo de necesidades surgidas de la vida personal, doméstica y reproductiva. Este énfasis en el acompañamiento desplaza la perspectiva analítica del shadowing, al considerar esta técnica demasiado intrusiva.

Low melting points Sucroesters (SEs) are used in hot-melt extrusion technology (HME). However, there are few literatures studying the effect of SEs on drug release and their storage stability. In this study, SE WE15 was proposed to prepare sustained-release solid dispersions with Iburpofen (IBU), containing 60 & 30% w/w, by HME, fusion method and compared to physical mixtures. The fresh and stored samples were evaluated by a well-established release rate study (USP Apparatus IV), DSC and XRD. Results revealed that HME technique succeeded to produce sustained-release patterns for IBU. Stored samples (6 months at 40C / 75 % RH) were unstable and showed gradual decrease in IBU release rate for both IBU loadings. HME formula (60% w/w IBU) showed an increase in the amount of drug released. Long term stability, one year at room temperature, showed a marked increase in IBU release rate for both drug loadings. Only HME containing 30% w/w IBU gave stable form among others. DSC and XRD suggested that increase of SE content led to almost complete IBU dissolved in this carrier, and considerable decrease in IBU release rate. This has been proven by DSC and XRD data analysis for IBU and SE (enthalpy and counts).

Studies have shown that the level of knowledge in biostatistics among medical students is lower than expected. This situation calls for the need to implement new methods in biostatistics education. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of ChatGPT as an education assistant in biostatistics. ChatGPT is a natural language processing model developed by OpenAI. It provides human-like responses to questions asked by users and is utilized in various fields for gaining information. ChatGPT operates with the latest GPT-4 model, while the previous version, GPT-3.5, is still in use. In this study the biostatistics performance of 245 Marmara University School of Medicine students was compared to ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 using an exam covering basic biostatistics topics. According to findings, ChatGPT-3.5 achieved 80% success rate in the exam, while ChatGPT-4 achieved 100% success rate. In contrast, the students achieved 67.9% success rate. Furthermore, ChatGPT-3.5 only recorded 33% success rate in questions requiring mathematical calculations, while ChatGPT-4 achieved 100% success rate in these questions. In conclusion, ChatGPT is a potential education assistant in biostatistics. Its success has increased significantly in the current version compared to the previous one. Further studies will be needed as new versions are released.

El siguiente artículo presenta una revisión de las características fisiológicas más importantes del tenis, atendiendo a datos de frecuencia cardiaca, concentración de ácido láctico, consumo de oxígeno y percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, en función de la edad, el nivel, el sexo de los jugadores, etc. Estos datos permitirán a los entrenadores poder realizar diseños de sesiones de entrenamiento en función de estos parámetros.

International audience

Discrete Mathematics. This textbook is designed for higher education students of computer sci- ence and information technologies. It presents an introduction to selected topics in discrete mathematics needed for understanding and solving problems that arise in computer science. Besides propositional logic, relations and graph theory the textbook contains a chapter on geometric vectors and a chapter on matrices. Together with theoretical background many examples are given, as well as exercises together with complete solutions.

La suspensión de clases durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 expuso la relevancia, para docentes y estudiantes, de poseer computadoras y tener conexión a internet. En Costa Rica, hubo falta de previsión de esa necesidad, con graves consecuencias. Este ensayo expone el Plan de Conectividad Educativa de Informática Básica para el Aprendizaje en Línea de Uruguay (Plan Ceibal, ahora Ceibal). Creado en el 2007, consistió en proveer conectividad universal de hogares y centros docentes a internet, distribución masiva de computadoras, construcción de sistemas pedagógicos y capacitación docente con recursos didácticos en línea. Eso creó un paradigma político-educativo sistémico de gran resiliencia, de contraste positivo con el resto del mundo, durante la pandemia. Con 98% de conectividad de docentes y alumnos, Uruguay sostuvo su sistema de educación pública funcionando en la virtualidad. También se incluyen las observaciones críticas de estudios académicos que apuntan a la limitación de sus impactos, como resultado de reducida apropiación gremial del Plan Ceibal, lo que derivó en baja motivación docente en utilizar sus recursos. Se reseñan los cambios concretados, en respuesta a las críticas y, con su objetivo de inclusión alcanzado, cómo se concentra ahora en innovación educativa.

Objective:To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphism of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 and alcoholic liver disease(ALD) in Han people. Methods:PCR-RFLP was used to detect the frequencies of gene types and allele of ALDH and CYP2E1 in health control group(45 cases),ALD group(48 cases),alcohol dependent group(38 cases) and non-ALD(NALD) group(42 cases),and the frequencies were compared. Results:The difference of the frequencies of ALDH2*1 and ALDH2*2 had statistic significance between health control group and ALD group,and between in ALD group and NALD group(P0.05). ALDH2*1 was the main gene type for alcohol dependent group and ALD group. The frequency of CYP2E1 c1 and c2 had statistically significant difference from the orther three groups(P0.05). Conclusion:The gene polymorphism of ALDH2 has close relationship to the pathogenesis of ALD. ALDH*2 allele may be a negative risk factor for alcoholism and ALD in Chinese Han people. The gene polymorphism of CYP2E1 has close relationship to the pathogenesis of ALD. The genotype of B(c1/c2)plays a important role in the development of ALD and c2 allele is relevant to the pathogenesis of ALD.

Objective To explore the effects of postprandial different levels of exercise intensity,duration and initial time on the blood glucose and insulin. Methods 13 healthy, young and sedentary persons participated in the trial of intermittent 4 days of exercise and 2 days of resting. Blood samples were drawn at fasting and postprandial different time points for detecting glucose and insulin.The orthogonal design was used to arrange the exercise,three factors which were exercise intensity, duration and initial time,and each factor included 2 levels. Results AUCG (AUC of glucose)and AUCI (AUC of insulin)were decreased in the exercise groups than in the resting groups. The trend of exercise energy consumption was in the same as the decreasing trend of postprandial blood glucose. AUCG was significantly lower in the 35 minutes duration exercise than in the 15 minutes duration exercise, the peak value of blood glucose of postprandial 15 minutes initial exercise was significantly lower than in resting group. There was no significant difference between the two levels of exercise intensity. Conclusions The long duration and much energy consumption have great effects on the metabolism of blood glucose, and the early initial postprandial exercise can decrease the peak value of blood glucose.

La mala memoria, la autobiografía de Heberto Padilla publicada en 1989, ha sido estudiada hasta la fecha como fuente de información sobre la polémica conocida como “el caso Padilla”, de 1971. Pero la obra también puede ser entendida como un testimonio de la experiencia del contacto directo de los escritores latinoamericanos con el socialismo soviético. Esa experiencia es determinante en la concreta evolución ideológica del poeta cubano. Desde esa perspectiva, el famoso “caso Padilla” podría ser analizado a partir de la sovietización de la Revolución Cubana, que Heberto Padilla descubrió tempranamente, nueve años antes de la polémica, y que explica de manera detallada en La mala memoria.

The articles in this issue were selected from presentations made at ASHRAE IAQ 2013: Environmental Health in Low Energy Buildings conference held in Vancouver, Canada, in October 2013. The conferen...

Objective To study the effect of hypothermia on ATPase activity and neuron apoptosis at hippocampus in rats with brain trauma,and to find theoretical evidence for its clinical application.Methods 42 Spregue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.They were pseudo-operation contral group,traumatic brain injury group and hypothermia treat group.Fluidpercussion led to brain trauma.31℃±1℃ hypothermia was given to the rats with brain trauma and persist 24 h in hypothermia treat group.2 days after injury or pseudo-operation,the behavior scales of neural function were estimated,and all rats were killed for detecting ATPase activity and neuron apoptosis(TUNEL) at CA1 area of hippocampus.Results Hypothermia treat can obviously add the behavior scales(P0.05),increase Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity(P0.01),and reduce the number of neurons of apoptosis(P0.01)at hippocampus of traumatic brain.Conclusions Hypothermia take a protective role in brain trauma by adding Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity,inhibiting Ca~(2+)-overloading and reducing neuron apoptosis.

Objective:To explore the surgical procedures and correlated techniques for endoscopic subtotal arytenoidectomy,as well as to discuss their applications and clinical outcomes.Methods:25 cases suffered from bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were included in our study,including laser arytenoidectomy(GroupA,8cases)and arytenoidectomy accompanying lateral cordopexy by extel laryngeal approach(GroupB,17cases).The pre-postoperative glottic measurement and vocal acoustic parameters were analyzed.Results:The decannulated cases in group A and group B were 88.00%(7/8)76.74%(13/17)respectively.The post-operetive mean maximal glottic area was respectively.Group A cases glottic area was larger than that of group B.Significant difference was found between goup A and goup B.After surgery,in group A,7 cases voice was the same quality compared with that of before surgery,and 1 cases voice quality had become wosre;In group B,the voice quality had become deteirorated in 10 cases and no change in 7 cases.Conclusion:The endoscopic approach for CO2laser unilateral arytenoids ectomy may lead to better restoration of an adequate airway and satisfying phonation.Mucosal:micro-anastomosis thus promotes the healing processes.This procedure is simpler than other ordinary surgical methods,and could be a satisfactory alternation of treatment for bilateral median vocalcord paralysis.

Cette controverse fait partie du numéro le genre face aux armées. Elle se distingue de l'introduction publiée avec Marion Paoletti qui porte le même titre.

Objective To explore the relations between Graves disease (GD)and iodine so as to raise the cure rate and lower the morbidity.Methods Urinary iodine determination on 409 Graves disease(GD)patients and 410 healthy persons with method for determination of urine iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometery.Results The average content value of the GD patient group detected is 141.16±92.97 μg/L while that of the control group is 202.2±39.48 μg/L,there exists a significant difference(P0.01);of the urinary iodine contents of the GD patient group 264 were less than 100 μg/L with an average value of 82.74±14.71 μg/L taking 64.55% and 97 ranged from 100 to 299 μg/L with an average value of 201.5±51.71 μg/L which showed no difference comparing with those of the control group(P0.05).Conclusions There exists Graves disease caused by high iodine,low iodine and other factors unrelated to low and high iodine in this area,mainly by iodine deficiency followed by other factors unrelated to low and high iodine.Female patients are more than male patients,constituting 90.95% of the total while no signitficant difference of urinary iodine contents is found.In the low iodine group,patients from the rural area take a high proportion.

INTRODUCTION: Recent findings support the provision of meditation-based interventions (MBIs) in primary care. However, the acceptability of MBI among patients prescribed medications for opioid use disorder (eg, buprenorphine) in primary care remains unclear. This study assessed experiences and preferences for adopting MBI among patients prescribed buprenorphine in office-based opioid treatment (OBOT). METHODS: This 23-item, semistructured cross-sectional survey was administered by study staff to patients enrolled in OBOT (N = 72) and consisted of demographic and clinical characteristics, perceptions, experiences with MBI, and preferred strategies to access MBI to support their treatment on buprenorphine. RESULTS: Most participants reported practicing at least 1 category of MBI (90.3%) on at least a daily (39.6%) or weekly (41.7%) basis including (1) spiritual meditation (eg, centering prayer; 67.7%); (2) nonmantra meditation (eg, comfortable posture; 61.3%); (3) mindfulness meditation (eg, mindfulness-based stress reduction; 54.8%); and (4) mantra meditation (eg, transcendental meditation; 29.0%). Interest in MBI was motivated by improving one's general health and well-being (73.4%), treatment outcomes with medications for OUD (eg, buprenorphine; 60.9%), and relationships with others (60.9%). Perceived clinical benefits of MBI included reduced anxiety or depression symptoms (70.3%), pain (62.5%), illicit substance or alcohol use (60.9%), cravings for illicit substances (57.8%), and opioid-related withdrawal symptoms (51.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicate high acceptability for adopting MBI among patients prescribed buprenorphine in OBOT. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of MBI to improve clinical outcomes among patients initiating buprenorphine in OBOT.

El manuscrito conservado en la British Library (Londres) bajo la signatura Egerton MS 1513 ha sido estudiado por historiadores y cartógrafos que han insistido sobre todo en sus aspectos técnicos. Se propone en este artículo una interpretación de parte de su contenido iconográfico, comparándolo con el de otros documentos del siglo XVI con los que muestra analogías, especialmente una relación impresa de la entrada triunfal del rey Enrique II de Francia en la ciudad de Rouen en 1550 y algunos mapas de la escuela de cartografía de Dieppe (Desceliers, 1553 y Gillaume le Testu, 1556). El análisis de algunas similitudes estilísticas y formales entre estos documentos podría servir de argumento para una revisión de su fecha de elaboración.