Heilongjiang Institute of Technology

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTUpconversion Nanoparticles: Design, Nanochemistry, and Applications in TheranosticsGuanying Chen*†‡, Hailong Qiu†‡, Paras N. Prasad*‡§, and Xiaoyuan Chen*∥View Author Information† School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China‡ Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States§ Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea∥ Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2281, United States*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 10, 5161–5214Publication Date (Web):March 10, 2014Publication History Received5 August 2013Published online10 March 2014Published inissue 28 May 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400425hCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views75082Altmetric-Citations1907LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (60 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Biological imaging,Ions,Lanthanides,Luminescence,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTNanochemistry and Nanomedicine for Nanoparticle-based Diagnostics and TherapyGuanying Chen‡†, Indrajit Roy†§, Chunhui Yang*‡, and Paras N. Prasad*†View Author Information† Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States‡ School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China§ Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 5, 2826–2885Publication Date (Web):January 22, 2016Publication History Received12 March 2015Published online22 January 2016Published inissue 9 March 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00148https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00148review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28825Altmetric-Citations1183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biological imaging,Fluorescence,Metal oxide nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Quantum dots Get e-Alerts

'miR2Disease', a manually curated database, aims at providing a comprehensive resource of microRNA deregulation in various human diseases. The current version of miR2Disease documents 1939 curated relationships between 299 human microRNAs and 94 human diseases by reviewing more than 600 published papers. Around one-seventh of the microRNA-disease relationships represent the pathogenic roles of deregulated microRNA in human disease. Each entry in the miR2Disease contains detailed information on a microRNA-disease relationship, including a microRNA ID, the disease name, a brief description of the microRNA-disease relationship, an expression pattern of the microRNA, the detection method for microRNA expression, experimentally verified target gene(s) of the microRNA and a literature reference. miR2Disease provides a user-friendly interface for a convenient retrieval of each entry by microRNA ID, disease name, or target gene. In addition, miR2Disease offers a submission page that allows researchers to submit established microRNA-disease relationships that are not documented. Once approved by the submission review committee, the submitted records will be included in the database. miR2Disease is freely available at http://www.miR2Disease.org.

In this work we have carried out systematic studies and identified the critical role of hydrogen peroxide instead of the generally believed citrate in the well-known chemical reduction route to silver nanoplates. This improved understanding allows us to develop consistently reproducible processes for the synthesis of nanoplates with high efficiency and yields. By harnessing the oxidative power of H(2)O(2), various silver sources including silver salts and metallic silver can be directly converted to nanoplates with the assistance of an appropriate capping ligand, thus significantly enhancing the reproducibility of the synthesis. Contrary to the previous conclusion that citrate is the key component, we have determined that the group of ligands with selective adhesion to Ag (111) facets can be expanded to many di- and tricarboxylate compounds whose two nearest carboxylate groups are separated by two or three carbon atoms. We have also found that the widely used secondary ligand polyvinylpyrrolidone can be replaced by many hydroxyl group-containing compounds or even removed entirely while still producing nanoplates of excellent uniformity and stability. In addition to the general understanding of NaBH(4) as a reducing agent, it has also been found to act as a capping agent to stabilize the silver nanoparticles, prolong the initiation time required for nanoplate nucleation, and contribute to the control of the thickness as well as the aspect ratio of silver nanoplates. The improved insight into the specific roles of the reaction components and significantly enhanced reproducibility are expected to help elucidate the formation mechanism of this interesting nanostructure.

Metamaterials are artificial media structured on a size scale smaller than wavelength of external stimuli, and they can exhibit a strong localization and enhancement of fields, which may provide novel tools to significantly enhance the sensitivity and resolution of sensors, and open new degrees of freedom in sensing design aspect. This paper mainly presents the recent progress concerning metamaterials-based sensing, and detailedly reviews the principle, detecting process and sensitivity of three distinct types of sensors based on metamaterials, as well as their challenges and prospects. Moreover, the design guidelines for each sensor and its performance are compared and summarized.

Light upconverting nanostructures employing lanthanide ions constitute an emerging research field recognized with wide ramifications and impact in many areas ranging from healthcare, to energy and, to security. The core-shell design of these nanostructures allows us to deliberately introduce a hierarchy of electronic energy states, thus providing unprecedented opportunities to manipulate the electronic excitation, energy transfer and upconverted emissions. The core-shell morphology also causes the suppression of quenching mechanisms to produce efficient upconversion emission for biophotonic and photonic applications. Using hierarchical architect, whereby each shell layer can be defined to have a specific feature, the electronic structure as well as the physiochemical structure of the upconverting nanomaterials can be tuned to couple other electronic states on the surface such as excitations of organic dye molecules or localized surface plasmons from metallic nanostructures, or to introduce a broad range of imaging or therapeutic modalities into a single conduct. In this review, we summarize the key aspects of nanophotonic control of the light upconverting nanoparticles through governed design and preparation of hierarchical shells in the core-shell nanostructures, and review their emerging applications in the biomedical field, solar energy conversion, as well as security encoding.

This technical note is concerned with exploring a new approach for the analysis and synthesis for Markov jump linear systems with incomplete transition descriptions. In the study, not all the elements of the transition rate matrices (TRMs) in continuous-time domain, or transition probability matrices (TPMs) in discrete-time domain are assumed to be known. By fully considering the properties of the TRMs and TPMs, and the convexity of the uncertain domains, necessary and sufficient criteria of stability and stabilization are obtained in both continuous and discrete time. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the results.

This paper first investigates the stability and$l_{2}$-gain problems for a class of discrete-time switched systems with average dwell time (ADT) switching by allowing the Lyapunov-like functions to increase during the running time of subsystems. The obtained results then facilitate the studies on the issue of asynchronous control, where “asynchronous” means the switching of the controllers has a lag to the switching of system modes. In light of the proposed Lyapunov-like functions, the desired mode-dependent controllers can be designed since the unmatched controllers are allowed to perform in the interval of asynchronous switching before the matched ones are applied. The problem of asynchronous$H_{\infty}$control for the underlying systems in linear cases is then formulated. The conditions of the existence of admissible asynchronous$H_{\infty}$controllers are derived, and a numerical example is provided to show the potential of the developed results.

Long-read sequencing is promising for the comprehensive discovery of structural variations (SVs). However, it is still non-trivial to achieve high yields and performance simultaneously due to the complex SV signatures implied by noisy long reads. We propose cuteSV, a sensitive, fast, and scalable long-read-based SV detection approach. cuteSV uses tailored methods to collect the signatures of various types of SVs and employs a clustering-and-refinement method to implement sensitive SV detection. Benchmarks on simulated and real long-read sequencing datasets demonstrate that cuteSV has higher yields and scaling performance than state-of-the-art tools. cuteSV is available at https://github.com/tjiangHIT/cuteSV .

In this note, we study a distributed coordinated tracking problem for multiple networked Euler-Lagrange systems. The objective is for a team of followers modeled by full-actuated Euler-Lagrange equations to track a dynamic leader whose vector of generalized coordinates is time varying under the constraints that the leader is a neighbor of only a subset of the followers and the followers have only local interaction. We consider two cases: i) The leader has a constant vector of generalized coordinate derivatives, and ii) The leader has a varying vector of generalized coordinate derivatives. In the first case, we propose a distributed continuous estimator and an adaptive control law to account for parametric uncertainties. In the second case, we propose a model-independent sliding mode control algorithm. Simulation results on multiple networked two-link revolute joint arms are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.

Co 3 O 4 anode materials exhibit poor conductivity and a large volume change, rendering controlling of their nanostructure essential to optimize their lithium storage performance. Carbon‐doped Co 3 O 4 hollow nanofibers (C‐doped Co 3 O 4 HNFs), for the first time are synthesized using bifunctional polymeric nanofibers as template and carbon source. Compared with undoped Co 3 O 4 HNFs and solid Co 3 O 4 NFs, C‐doped Co 3 O 4 HNFs feature a remarkably high specific capacity, excellent cycling stability, and superior rate capacity as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. The superior performance of C‐doped Co 3 O 4 HNFs electrodes can be attributed to their structural features, which confer enhanced electron transportation and Li + ion diffusion due to C‐doping, and tolerance for volume change due to the 1D hollow structure. Density functional theory calculations provide a good explanation of the observed enhanced conductivity in C‐doped Co 3 O 4 HNFs.

We have synthesized core/shell NaGdF(4):Nd(3+)/NaGdF(4) nanocrystals with an average size of 15 nm and exceptionally high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. When excited at 740 nm, the nanocrystals manifest spectrally distinguished, near-infrared to near-infrared (NIR-to-NIR) downconversion PL peaked at ∼900, ∼1050, and ∼1300 nm. The absolute quantum yield of NIR-to-NIR PL reached 40% for core-shell nanoparticles dispersed in hexane. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed that this high quantum yield was achieved through suppression of nonradiative recombination originating from surface states and cross relaxations between dopants. NaGdF(4):Nd(3+)/NaGdF(4) nanocrystals, synthesized in organic media, were further converted to be water-dispersible by eliminating the capping ligand of oleic acid. NIR-to-NIR PL bioimaging was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo through visualization of the NIR-to-NIR PL at ∼900 nm under incoherent lamp light excitation. The fact that both excitation and the PL of these nanocrystals are in the biological window of optical transparency, combined with their high quantum efficiency, spectral sharpness, and photostability, makes these nanocrystals extremely promising as optical biomaging probes.

Carbon nanofiber (CNF), as one of the most important members of carbon fibers, has been investigated in both fundamental scientific research and practical applications. CNF composites are able to be applied as promising materials in many fields, such as electrical devices, electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors and as sensors. In these applications, the electrical conductivity is always the first priority need to be considered. In fact, the electrical property of CNF composites largely counts on the dispersion and percolation status of CNFs in matrix materials. In this review, the electrical transport phenomenon of CNF composites is systematically summarized based on percolation theory. The effects of the aspect ratio, percolation backbone structure and fractal characteristics of CNFs and the non-universality of the percolation critical exponents on the electrical properties are systematically reviewed. Apart from the electrical property, the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of CNF composites are briefly reviewed, as well. In addition, the preparation methods of CNFs, including catalytic chemical vapor deposition growth and electrospinning, and the preparation methods of CNF composites, including the melt mixing and solution process, are briefly introduced. Finally, their applications as sensors and electrode materials are described in this review article.

Clean and efficient energy storage and conversion via sustainable water and nitrogen reactions have attracted substantial attention to address the energy and environmental issues due to the overwhelming use of fossil fuels. These electrochemical reactions are crucial for desirable clean energy technologies, including advanced water electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, and ammonia electrosynthesis and utilization. Their sluggish reaction kinetics lead to inefficient energy conversion. Innovative electrocatalysis, i.e., catalysis at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte to facilitate charge transfer and mass transport, plays a vital role in boosting energy conversion efficiency and providing sufficient performance and durability for these energy technologies. Herein, a comprehensive review on recent progress, achievements, and remaining challenges for these electrocatalysis processes related to water (i.e., oxygen evolution reaction, OER, and oxygen reduction reaction, ORR) and nitrogen (i.e., nitrogen reduction reaction, NRR, for ammonia synthesis and ammonia oxidation reaction, AOR, for energy utilization) is provided. Catalysts, electrolytes, and interfaces between the two within electrodes for these electrocatalysis processes are discussed. The primary emphasis is device performance of OER-related proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, ORR-related PEM fuel cells, NRR-driven ammonia electrosynthesis from water and nitrogen, and AOR-related direct ammonia fuel cells.

Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors allow label-free detection of biomolecules by measuring their intrinsic charges. The detection limit of these sensors is determined by the Debye screening of the charges from counter ions in solutions. Here, we use FETs with a deformed monolayer graphene channel for the detection of nucleic acids. These devices with even millimeter scale channels show an ultra-high sensitivity detection in buffer and human serum sample down to 600 zM and 20 aM, respectively, which are ∼18 and ∼600 nucleic acid molecules. Computational simulations reveal that the nanoscale deformations can form 'electrical hot spots' in the sensing channel which reduce the charge screening at the concave regions. Moreover, the deformed graphene could exhibit a band-gap, allowing an exponential change in the source-drain current from small numbers of charges. Collectively, these phenomena allow for ultrasensitive electronic biomolecular detection in millimeter scale structures.

BACKGROUND: The identification of disease-related microRNAs is vital for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases at the molecular level, and is critical for designing specific molecular tools for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Experimental identification of disease-related microRNAs poses considerable difficulties. Computational analysis of microRNA-disease associations is an important complementary means for prioritizing microRNAs for further experimental examination. RESULTS: Herein, we devised a computational model to infer potential microRNA-disease associations by prioritizing the entire human microRNAome for diseases of interest. We tested the model on 270 known experimentally verified microRNA-disease associations and achieved an area under the ROC curve of 75.80%. Moreover, we demonstrated that the model is applicable to diseases with which no known microRNAs are associated. The microRNAome-wide prioritization of microRNAs for 1,599 disease phenotypes is publicly released to facilitate future identification of disease-related microRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: We presented a network-based approach that can infer potential microRNA-disease associations and drive testable hypotheses for the experimental efforts to identify the roles of microRNAs in human diseases.

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles hold promises for bioimaging, solar cells, and volumetric displays. However, their emission brightness and excitation wavelength range are limited by the weak and narrowband absorption of lanthanide ions. Here, we introduce a concept of multistep cascade energy transfer, from broadly infrared-harvesting organic dyes to sensitizer ions in the shell of an epitaxially designed core/shell inorganic nanostructure, with a sequential nonradiative energy transfer to upconverting ion pairs in the core. We show that this concept, when implemented in a core-shell architecture with suppressed surface-related luminescence quenching, yields multiphoton (three-, four-, and five-photon) upconversion quantum efficiency as high as 19% (upconversion energy conversion efficiency of 9.3%, upconversion quantum yield of 4.8%), which is about ~100 times higher than typically reported efficiency of upconversion at 800 nm in lanthanide-based nanostructures, along with a broad spectral range (over 150 nm) of infrared excitation and a large absorption cross-section of 1.47 × 10(-14) cm(2) per single nanoparticle. These features enable unprecedented three-photon upconversion (visible by naked eye as blue light) of an incoherent infrared light excitation with a power density comparable to that of solar irradiation at the Earth surface, having implications for broad applications of these organic-inorganic core/shell nanostructures with energy-cascaded upconversion.

This technical brief is concerned with dissipativity analysis and dissipativity-based sliding mode control (SMC) of continuous-time switched stochastic systems. Firstly, a sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee the mean-square exponential stability and strict dissipativity for the switched stochastic system. Then, an integral-type sliding surface function is designed for establishing a sliding mode dynamics, which can be formulated by a switched stochastic system with an external disturbance/uncertainty. Dissipativity analysis and synthesis are both investigated for the sliding mode dynamics, and consequently sufficient conditions are derived, which pave the way for solving the dissipativity analysis and control problems. Moreover, a SMC law is synthesized to drive the system trajectories onto the predefined sliding surface in a finite time. Finally, the efficiency of the theoretical findings is demonstrated by an illustrative example.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEngineering Functional Polymer Capsules toward Smart NanoreactorsJens Gaitzsch*†‡, Xin Huang*§, and Brigitte Voit*∥View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom‡ Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland§ School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China∥ Leibniz-Institut fuer Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Saxony, Germany*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 3, 1053–1093Publication Date (Web):August 31, 2015Publication History Received22 April 2015Published online31 August 2015Published inissue 10 February 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00241https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00241review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11977Altmetric-Citations337LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Membranes,Nanodevices,Polymers,Vesicles Get e-Alerts

With recent adoption of wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs) in industrial automation, industrial wireless control systems have emerged as a frontier of cyber-physical systems. Despite their success in industrial monitoring applications, existing WSAN technologies face significant challenges in supporting control systems due to their lack of real-time performance and dynamic wireless conditions in industrial plants. This article reviews a series of recent advances in real-time WSANs for industrial control systems: 1) real-time scheduling algorithms and analyses for WSANs; 2) implementation and experimentation of industrial WSAN protocols; 3) cyber-physical codesign of wireless control systems that integrate wireless and control designs; and 4) a wireless cyber-physical simulator for codesign and evaluation of wireless control systems. This article concludes by highlighting research directions in industrial cyber-physical systems.