Innovative University of Eurasia

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Apology; Authenticity; Blurred Boundaries; Corporate Communication; Corporate Reputation; Corporate Social; Responsibility (CSR); Crisis Communication; Crisis Messaging; CSR Reputation; Digital; Employee Relations; Hoax; Leadership; Organizational Values; Public Relations; Reputational Messages; Social Media; Social Media Monitoring; Social Networks; Stakeholder Engagement; Transparency; Trust; Workplace Surveillance

Nanotechnology has undergone significant development in recent years, particularly in the fabrication of sensors with a wide range of applications. The backbone of nanotechnology is nanostructures, which are determined on a nanoscale. Nanoparticles are abundant throughout the universe and are thought to be essential building components in the process of planet creation. Nanotechnology is generally concerned with structures that are between 1 and 100 nm in at least one dimension and involves the production of materials or electronics that are that small. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon-based nanomaterials that have the structure of tubes. Carbon nanotubes are often referred to as the kings of nanomaterials. The diameter of carbon is determined in nanometers. They are formed from graphite sheets and are available in a variety of colors. Carbon nanotubes have a number of characteristics, including high flexibility, good thermal conductivity, low density, and chemical stability. Carbon nanotubes have played an important part in nanotechnology, semiconductors, optical and other branches of materials engineering owing to their remarkable features. Several of the applications addressed in this review have already been developed and used to benefit people worldwide. CNTs have been discussed in several domains, including industry, construction, adsorption, sensors, silicon chips, water purifiers, and biomedical uses, to show many treatments such as injecting CNTs into kidney cancers in rats, drug delivery, and directing a near-infrared laser at the cancers. With the orderly development of research in this field, additional therapeutic modalities will be identified, mainly for dispersion and densification techniques and targeted drug delivery systems for managing and curing posterior cortical atrophy. This review discusses the characteristics of carbon nanotubes as well as therapeutic applications such as medical diagnostics and drug delivery.

Abstract In rural Kazakhstan, the credit and insurance services are limited and the state support is weak. Therefore, households’ saving is crucial to provide an insurance against the economic and social shocks. The main goal of this study is to contribute to the literature on financial literacy in emerging economies, namely, the effect of financial literacy on saving rates of rural population. Being well educated not always means to be financial literate and make efficient decisions regarding one’s own finance. People with a lower formal education level but with better experience in consuming financial products could be better prepared for making financial decisions including those related to savings. In this paper other socio-economic determinants of saving rates were taken into account, such as an income level, family size and an employment status. This research was carried out in Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan, and the data collection took place in spring 2014. In total, 405 households were surveyed. Results of the analysis show that if a respondent gives at least one correct answer, it positively affects the saving rates as well as one can observe that the higher the financial literacy level, the higher are the saving rates. Availability of state supported financial education programs for rural people will significantly contribute to the financial literacy improvement. At the same time, providing various and appropriate financial products in rural areas will motivate rural people to search for new knowledge and require authorities to intensify activities in this field.

The chemical composition of any food material can be analyzed well by employing various analytical techniques. The physical properties of food are no less important than chemical composition as results obtained from authentic measurement data are able to provide detailed information about the food. Several techniques have been used for years for this purpose but most of them are destructive in nature. The aim of this present study is to identify the emerging techniques that have been used by different researchers for the analysis of the physical characteristics of food. It is highly recommended to practice novel methods as these are non-destructive, extremely sophisticated, and provide results closer to true quantitative values. The physical properties are classified into different groups based on their characteristics. The concise view of conventional techniques mostly used to analyze food material are documented in this work.

Despite the potential applicability of the combination between aluminium (anode) and graphite or titanium (cathode) for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, their technical and economic feasibilities have not been comprehensively captured. In this study, aluminium (anode) and graphite and titanium as cathode electrode materials were investigated and compared in terms of their performance on poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. The wastewater samples collected from the Izhevsk Production Corporative (PC) poultry farm in Kazakhstan were treated using a lab-based electrochemical treatment plant and then analyzed after every 20 and 40 min of the treatment processes. Cost analysis for both electrode combinations was also performed. From the analysis results, the aluminium-graphite electrode combination achieved high removal efficiency from turbidity, color, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, with removal efficiency ranging from 72% to 98% after 20 min, as well as 88% to 100% after 40 min. A similar phenomenon was also observed from the aluminium-titanium electrode combination, with high removal efficiency achieved from turbidity, color, total suspended solids, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, ranging from 81% to 100% after 20 min as well as from 91% to 100% after 40 min. This means the treatment performances for both aluminium-graphite and aluminium-titanium electrode combinations were highly affected by the contact time. The general performance in terms of removal efficiency indicates that the aluminium-titanium electrode combination outperformed the aluminium-graphite electrode combination. However, the inert character of the graphite electrode led to a positive impact on the total operating cost. Therefore, the aluminium-graphite electrode combination was observed to be cheaper than the aluminium-titanium electrode combination in terms of the operating cost.

In modern science, there are a large number of techniques focused on the assessment of competitiveness through the analysis of certain resources in the region. However, accounting of human resources in such assessments is not used as a prior factor in identifying regional competitive advantages. Competitive advantages affect not only the efficiency of individual sectors of the economy but also the overall social and economic development of the country. Assessment of the competitiveness of the region should include one of the main parameters of the human resource development level. Therefore, the forecast for the competitiveness of the region should take into account the pace of human resources development. The methods used in Kazakhstan for assessing the competitiveness of a region considers only the assessment of human resources in its structure but do not take into account the level of their development over time, as well as the multi-factorial nature of their components.The work explains and analyzes rating model for assessing of the competitiveness of the regions of Kazakhstan (the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of the Republic of Kazakhstan). The authors proposed a methodology for ranking the regions of Kazakhstan based on an assessment of the development of their human resources that affect the competitiveness of the region. It includes an analysis of demographic, labor and social and economic indicators reflecting the state of human resources.

Education for sustainable development in universities is shaping the agenda in this area, demanding continuous improvement in quality. There is a trend towards integrating sustainability issues and the implementation of sustainable development goals into higher education. Universities responsible for educating SD professionals must teach knowledge and develop skills in line with the SDGs. However, there is insufficient attention to this in educational programs; more often it is implemented through disparate initiatives. The article presents research conducted in universities in the countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan), South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia) and the European Union (Italy, Bulgaria, Poland). The awareness of students and teachers about the SDGs, the problems of implementing SD were assessed, and ways to solve these problems were analyzed. Countries were divided into clusters for comparative analysis. The results show that students generally have limited knowledge about the global sustainable development goals, while teachers have a higher level of awareness. The article examines the contribution of education to raising students' awareness in the countries studied and their attitudes towards integrating sustainability into the curriculum. The questionnaire showed that the educational intervention significantly influences students’ intention to engage in sustainability. Overall, students demonstrate positive attitudes towards incorporating sustainability issues into their education. The results of a study conducted in higher education institutions in Central Asia, South Caucasus and the European Union showed that students are generally unaware of the sustainable development goals, their information received through the Internet, media and university studies is insignificant, while teachers are better informed. Students and teachers expressed the greatest concern about environmental, social and economic problems. At the same time, students of engineering, technical and medical fields are more informed about the SDGs compared to pedagogical and socio-humanitarian fields. To increase awareness, universities are encouraged to integrate sustainability education into various disciplines, conduct seminars, round tables, promote student participation in projects and research, and promote international cooperation and knowledge sharing.

Abstract The study, conducted in higher education institutions in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, highlights ongoing changes in approaches to education for sustainable development (ESD) in Central Asian countries. This region, exposed to various challenges such as climate change and environmental problems, has recognized the importance and role of education in achieving sustainable development. The study aims to identify the current level of awareness of students and teachers about the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as to understand how universities in the region are integrating ESD principles into their educational programs. The results show that students generally have limited knowledge about the global sustainable development goals, while teachers have a higher level of awareness. Most students receive information about the sustainable development goals (SDGs) through social media and the Internet, while it is less reflected in the curriculum. However, there is a trend towards changing this situation, in particular in Tajikistan, where curricula are becoming more focused on environmental education. Finally, recommendations for universities include integrating ESD principles into teacher development, developing teaching methods and materials, and strengthening collaboration at the regional and international levels to promote sustainable development goals.

This article is devoted to modeling the pressing process of an experimental screw press for safflower oil production in small enterprises of the grain processing industry. The theoretical analysis for developing the process of oil pressing in a screw press is considered. Using methods of mathematical modeling, the problem of squeezing the liquid phase from dispersed material is described and solved. The basic scheme and characteristics of the press equipment and the principle of its work are presented. The proposed method of the theoretical calculation of the pressing process helps to determine the optimal parameters and to press safflower oil using the proposed design of the screw press. During the process of pressing, the highest value of oil yield is reached at the diaphragm gap of δ = 0.1 mm and screw rotation speed of ω = 6.2 rad/s.

This study examines the relation between reading attitude and reading achievement in three languages among sixth- and eighth-grade students in Kazakhstan. Participants were randomly chosen from seven secondary schools in a major city. Their native languages were Kazakh or Russian (N = 1,505). Reading tests in English, Kazakh and Russian and a reading attitude questionnaire were administered via the eDia online assessment system. The results indicate that 85% of the sixth graders and 79% of the eighth graders enjoy reading. Correlations in reading achievement between English, Kazakh and Russian ranged from r = .55 to r = .61 (p < .01). Kazakh native speakers performed better in the respective languages than speakers of Russian and other languages. A factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor model for Grade 6 and a four-factor model for Grade 8, corresponding to reading attitude and reliability coefficients for these factors from .71 to .86. In both grades, factor loading showed a good fit to the data. Regression analysis showed a weak relation between reading attitude and reading achievement among sixth and eighth graders in the targeted languages despite a positive attitude towards reading.

Abstract This article presents the results of a survey conducted in the Innovative University of Eurasia (InEU) about the necessity of implementing English as a medium of instruction (EMI) at the baccalaureate and master’s degree levels. It describes the findings obtained through semi open-ended questionnaires and interviews with two focus groups: InEU administration members and faculty representatives. The data collected suggest a rather positive general attitude of the respondents of both groups to English-medium instruction at the university, a special emphasis being made on the global status of English and internationalization of education. However, the majority of respondents raised concern about the impact of English-medium teaching on the quality of subject learning since it depends on an English proficiency level of both students and teachers and their motivation to study/teach in English. The survey data also indicate other important issues connected with teaching-in-English implementation at the university, such as finance, the pace of implementation, preparedness of students and teachers, support structures and incentives.

This study was specifically designed for a small-scale meat processing enterprise “DARIYA” to set up a specific HACCP plan for the new product (patties) made from mixed horsemeat with vegetable components developed in the Department of Technology of Food Production and Biotechnology, Shakarim University of Semey. Critical control points (CCPs) were identified and applied in the HACCP plan. The different hazards were detected at each processing step, whereas each CCP in the HACCP plan was identified and accompanied with the appropriate significant hazard, critical limit, monitoring of the CCP, and corrective actions, confirming that the enterprise has fully employed the HACCP methodology and ISO 22000:2018. Our results indicate that during almost 1 year following the implementation of ISO 22000:2018, the coliform level of tested patties significantly dropped ( p &amp;lt; 0.05) after 6 months of implementation (coliform count dropped from 4.4 MPN/g to 1.8 MPN/g). The rapid screening of the bacterial count, heavy metals, pesticide residue, and physical contamination levels also improved monitoring assertiveness, allowing them to deal with foreseeable issues linking to resources and guarantee product quality. Cesium-137 was recorded as 5.4 ± 2.9627 Bq/kg in horsemeat and 6.7 ± 2.7045 in poultry. The activity of cesium-137 did not exceed the MAC. This result discloses that prompt screening is the foremost and necessary step for small enterprises. According to this study, the “acceptance of raw materials” is the most important CCP, and their control, particularly in small-scale meat processing enterprises, can actually prevent many negative outcomes. The implementation of both standards improved food quality by declining the flaw rates for patties, and the number of flow inconsistencies needed for correction in the process also dropped significantly ( p &amp;lt; 0.05), demonstrating that safety and quality points were improving. If the application of the HACCP plan were to continue over an extended period of time, the Food Safety Management System's (FSMS) benefits would be more substantial improvements to a greater number of items being monitored. The process of implementing HACCP principles and ISO 22000:2018 could be arduous but achievable enough to be used in small industries with significant outcomes.

In order to ensure the high efficiency of the functioning of the actors of the rural tourism sector, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study, taking into account its sustainable development. This research paper underlines that the particular features of state regulation of the domestic agro-industrial complex need the expansion of state support tools through the development of rural tourism, conducting in same time at diversification factors helping its development. The paper explores state policy regulations underling the positive effects of rural tourism upon economy as a whole, factors that influences development of tourism, the integration of agriculture activities with those of tourism which implies constant inter-sectoral interaction; last but not least is analyzed the data on the share of agriculture and rural tourism in the structure of Kazakhstan's GDP, the level of the average monthly nominal wage of one employee by type of economic activity which is unappealing due the fact the structure peasants’ farms could be a mean rural tourism in which economy is enhanced.

Sustainable business development based on environmental, social, and governance principles is one of the leading trends in the financial and global community. The introduction of environmental, social, and governance principles is intended to facilitate the implementation of countries’ pledges under the Paris Agreement on Climate and the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In 2015, the Republic of Kazakhstan committed to following sustainable development goals, which made the principles of a sustainable and green economy a national priority of the 2050 Strategy. The study aims to identify the opportunities to use green bonds in Kazakhstan so as to increase the effectiveness of territorial management and the development of environmental projects. Proceeding from an expert survey, the study establishes arguments in favor of developing green bonds for the implementation of environmental projects in Kazakhstan, outlines the main hindrances to the advance of green bonds in the country, and lists the conditions required for further proliferation of the use of green bonds. The authors argue that the active use of green bonds can be facilitated by knowledge exchange, capacity building, and state support (especially in analyzing the economy of Kazakhstan) for the development of the market for green bonds, as well as state encouragement of private investors to green investment.

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are usually excluded from major trials. HYOPTHESIS: This study sought to assess 1-year clinical outcomes following PCI with a drug-eluting stent in patients older than 80 years old with STEMI. METHODS: The large all-comer, multicontinental e-ULTIMASTER registry included 7507 patients with STEMI who underwent PCI using the Ultimaster stent. The primary clinical endpoint was 1-year target lesion failure, a composite of cardiac death (CD), target vessel-related myocardial infarction (TV-MI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR). RESULTS: There were 457 (6.1%) patients in the elderly group (≥80 years old) that were compared to 7050 (93.9%) patients <80 years. The elderly patients included more female patients and had significantly more comorbidities and had more complex coronary anatomy. The primary endpoint occurred in 7.2% of the elderly, compared to 3.1% of the younger group (p < .001). All-cause mortality was significantly higher among the elderly group compared to the younger group (10.1% vs. 2.3%, p < .0001), as well as CD (6.1% vs. 1.6%, p < .0001), but not TV-MI (1.1% vs. 0.7%, p = .34) or CD-TLR (1.1% vs. 1.4%, p = .63). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with STEMI presentation had a higher incidence of the composite endpoint than younger patients. All-cause and CD were higher for elderly patients compared to patients younger than 80 years old. However, there was no difference in the incidence of TV-MI or target lesion revascularizations. These findings suggest that PCI for STEMI in elderly patients is relatively safe.

The principles of sustainable development and the green economy are aimed at improving energy efficiency. Kazakhstan's joining the international environmental movement testifies to the country's desire to reduce the energy intensity of the economy and to carry out practical actions aimed at sustainable development. This is confirmed by target indicators in the field of energy efficiency, which are reflected in the documents of the State Planning System of the Republic of Kazakhstan and are aimed at increasing energy security, labor productivity, the rational use of budget funds, as well as improving the health and welfare of citizens. The current energy balance of Kazakhstan is dominated by coal, used primarily by thermal power plants to generate electricity. Therefore, GDP's high energy intensity is indicative of irrational energy consumption, which is accompanied by an increase in environmental pollution. This paper gives a review of some aspects of the energy saving sphere and the international energy saving experience, as well as analyzes the current situation with regard to the implementation of energy efficiency policies in Kazakhstan. The study shows that the domestic economy has a significant energy saving potential in key sectors of the economy, identifies energy efficiency problems, and proposes solutions to them.Keywords: energy efficiency, decarbonization, energy intensity, energy-saving technologies, green economy, sustainable development.JEL Classification: Q4DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8618

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Advantages and disadvantages of traditional differential protections of conversion facilities and reed switch protections are discussed. A reed switch differential protection is suggested, the sensitivity of which is ensured by the second-harmonic lockout in the case of a magnetizing inrush of the conversion facility transformer. Another difference is that to obtain information about the current in the phases from the high voltage side of the transformer, windings of reed switches mounted near their current conductors are used. A technique for selecting trip set points of such protections is described and the sensitivity of its is estimated. Special attention is paid to the choice of parameters of reed switches mounted near the DC busbar and their windings. Behavior of the protection is considered under different operating modes of the conversion facility, and the field of its use is determined.

Any news shows the full range of people’s emotional assessments. The authors analyze the news about migration, single out emotive linguomigrationology separately, since emotions play a leading role in the development of the linguocultures of the host country and host communities. Migration transforms the language of communication, creating new forms of language at the intersection of linguistic and cultural realities in the form of pidgins and enriching ways of perceiving the world with emotives of contacting linguistic cultures. According to the authors, surprise is one of the leading emotions in the migrants’ emoticon. The authors prove that post-socialist Russophony has a significant linguistic and cultural distance, depending on the country of reception. The article analyzes the specifics of the emoticeme in the lexical characteristics of the emotion “surprise” in the news discourse about migrants and migration in Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia and China. The analysis of the emotive space of news discourse on the topic of migration is based on the theory of emotions (V.I. Shakhovsky’s term) and linguomigration (I.S. Karabulatova’s term), taking into account the principle of representativeness. This approach allows us to analyze the structure of polycode news discourses about migration in Armenia, Kazakhstan, China and Russia, interpret these discourses in the context of emotionality of various linguistic cultures and in accordance with communicative tasks. The authors believe that gaps in the background knowledge of the host country become a source of manifestation of emotional realities among migrants. The article is written on the material of open media sources and media discourse. The authors offer this article to specialists in the field of political science, linguistics, history, psychology, etc. © Karabulatova I.S., Anumyan K.S., Korovina S.G., Krivenko G.A., 2023