Kolhan University

The payment approach known as "pay-for-performance" has been widely adopted with the aim of improving the quality of health care. Nonetheless, little is known about how to use the approach most effectively to improve care. We examined the effects in 260 hospitals of a pay-for-performance demonstration project carried out by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in partnership with Premier Inc., a nationwide hospital system. We compared these results to those of a control group of 780 hospitals not in the demonstration project. The performance of the hospitals in the project initially improved more than the performance of the control group: More than half of the pay-for-performance hospitals achieved high performance scores, compared to fewer than a third of the control hospitals. However, after five years, the two groups' scores were virtually identical. Improvements were largest among hospitals that were eligible for larger bonuses, were well financed, or operated in less competitive markets. These findings suggest that tailoring pay-for-performance programs to hospitals' specific situations could have the greatest effect on health care quality.

Lignin is an abundant renewable natural biopolymer. Moreover, a significant development in lignin pretreatment and processing technologies has opened a new window to explore lignin and lignin-based bionanomaterials. In the last decade, lignin has been widely explored in different applications such as drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, food science, water purification, biofuels, environmental, pharmaceuticals, nutraceutical, catalysis, and other interesting low-value-added energy applications. The complex nature and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biocompatibility of lignin attracted its use in various biomedical applications because of ease of functionalization, availability of diverse functional sites, tunable physicochemical and mechanical properties. In addition to it, its diverse properties such as reactivity towards oxygen radical, metal chelation, renewable nature, biodegradability, favorable interaction with cells, nature to mimic the extracellular environment, and ease of nanoparticles preparation make it a very interesting material for biomedical use. Tremendous progress has been made in drug delivery and tissue engineering in recent years. However, still, it remains challenging to identify an ideal and compatible nanomaterial for biomedical applications. In this review, recent progress of lignin towards biomedical applications especially in drug delivery and in tissue engineering along with challenges, future possibilities have been comprehensively reviewed.

A novel approach was applied to synthesize silver nanoparticles using starch under sonication. Colloidal silver nanoparticles solution exhibited an increase of absorption from 420 to 440 nm with increase starch quantity. Transmission electron microscopy followed by selected area electron diffraction pattern analysis indicated the formation of spherical, polydispersed, amorphous, silver nanoparticles of diameter ranging from 23 to 97 nm with mean particle size of 45.6 nm. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirmed partial crystalline and amorphous nature of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles synthesized in this manner can be used for synthesis of 2-aryl substituted benzimidazoles which have numerous biomedical applications. The optimized reaction conditions include 10 ml of 1 mM AgNO3, 25 mg starch, 11 pH range, and sonication for 20 min at room temperature.

The green synthesis of nanoscale materials is of special interest to researchers all over the world. We describe a simple, robust, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of gold, silver, and iron nanoparticles using a variety of biomolecules/phytochemicals as potential reducers and stabilizers. The green approach to the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with different morphologies is based on the use of plant extracts. Green synthesized nanoparticles can be used as catalysts, photocatalysts, adsorbents, or alternative agents for the elimination of various organic dyes. The kinetic enhancement of nanoparticles for the degradation/removal of dyes could provide significant and valuable insights for the application of biochemically functionalized nanoparticles in engineering. In this review, current plant-mediated strategies for preparing nanoparticles of gold, silver, and iron are briefly described, and morphologically dependent nanoparticles for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater are highlighted. Overall, the approach presented in the article supports environmental protection and is a promising alternative to other synthesis techniques.

Advancements in the fields of ionic liquids (ILs) broaden its applications not only in traditional use but also in different pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Ionic liquids "Solutions for Your Success" have received a lot of interest from scientists due to a myriad of applications in the pharmaceutical industry for drug delivery systems as well as targeting different diseases. Solubility is a critical physicochemical property that determines the drug's fate at the target site. Many promising drug candidates fail in various phases of drug research due to poor solubility. In this context, ionic liquids are regarded as effective drug delivery systems for poorly soluble medicines. ILs are also able to combine different anions/cations with other cations/anions to produce salts that satisfy the concept behind the ILs. The important characteristics of ionic liquids are the modularity of their physicochemical properties depending on the application. The review highlights the recent advancement and further applications of ionic liquids to deliver drugs in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.

2-Aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives having different side chains on the structure were examined in vitro for their antioxidant abilities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazine radical scavenging activity, reducing ability, OH radical scavenging activity, inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Overall, with few exceptions, all the 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazoles showed moderate biological activity with all parameters examined. The 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazoles were found to be reactive toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazine radical and had considerable reducing ability, with significant xanthine oxidase inhibition. With few exceptions, all the compounds under study were found to possess moderate-to-poor OH radical scavenging activity and inhibited polyphenol oxidase significantly. These findings suggest that these 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-benzimidazoles can be considered as potential antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory agents, those might be further, explored for the design of lead antioxidant and antigout drug candidates using in vivo trials.

Herein, the dual substitution of Li/Cr in CoFe 2 O 4 ferrite nanoparticles synthesized through the sol‐gel auto combustion method is reported. X‐ray diffraction confirms mixed cubic spinel structure, while as dense morphology with well‐defined grain boundaries with the minimum grain size of 20 nm is obtained using FE‐TEM analysis. The thermal stability of the sample improves with an increase in dopant concentration. XPS study shows that Fe and Co exhibit +2 and +3 oxidation states with lower concentrations of oxygen vacancies. Raman spectroscopy confirms the substitution of Li/Cr ions at octahedral and tetrahedral sites, and the direct bandgap increases monotonously with doping. Saturation magnetization increases for x = 0.01, but it decreases for higher dopant concentration due to the spin canting effect, and the coercivity decreases for all the doping concentrations. The photodegradation studies show the enhanced activity against crystal violet (CV) dye when exposed to sunlight for 60 min but easily recoverable using a magnet. The increased activity by the doped nanoparticles is because of the decreased coercivity, particle size, and magnetic anisotropy. A 90.4% photocatalytic degradation is obtained for the composition, x = 0.03, which suggests that it can be an effective candidate for wastewater treatment.

Abstract Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) is a complex and non-linear problem, and is one of the sub-problems of optimal power flow (OPF) in a power system. ORPD is formulated as a single-objective problem to minimize the active power loss in a transmission system. In this work, power from distributed generation (DG) is integrated into a conventional power system and the ORPD problem is solved to minimize transmission line power loss. It proves that the application of DG not only contributes to power loss minimization and improvement of system stability but also reduces energy consumption from the conventional sources. A recently proposed meta-heuristic algorithm known as the JAYA algorithm is applied to the standard IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus systems to solve the newly developed ORPD problem with the incorporation of DG. The simulation results prove the superiority of the JAYA algorithm over others. The respective optimal values of DG power that should be injected into the four IEEE test systems to obtain the minimum transmission line power losses are also provided.

Novel Ni2+-doped NixMg0.5Zn0.5-xFe2O4 [x = 0.0 to 0.5] nano-ferrites have been successfully prepared by the facile co-precipitation method. The XRD data demonstrated the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The optical band gap of the synthesized samples was found to increase with increasing Ni2+ content from 1.72 eV (x = 0.1) to 1.82 eV (x = 0.5). Samples with Ni2+ doping exhibit a transition from superparamagnetic to soft ferromagnetic activity. Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 catalyst has been found to have enhanced degrading efficiencies of 95.92 and 90.21% against methylene blue and xylenol orange in visible light, respectively. The main reactive species, as determined by scavenging activity, were hydroxyl radicals.

Abstract In this article, silver-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag/TiO 2 NPs) were synthesized in an ecologically and economically favorable way using rambutan ( Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extracts along with the study of its photocatalytic activity on methylene blue (MB) dye and antioxidant efficacy against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·). A wide range of analytical techniques including UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis were performed to ascertain the synthesis of Ag/TiO 2 NPs. The synthesized Ag/TiO 2 NPs enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of MB (81.6%, k=0.002495 min -1 ) under direct solar light irradiation. The results showed that discarded agricultural waste as rambutan peel can be utilized as natural bioreductant in future materials science applications.

The aim of the present study was investigated to psychology well –being of gender Difference. The random sampling Method was used in this study. The total sample consisted 100 students. 50 of male and 50 of female of 10th standard students selected from the Jamshedpur city. Ryff‟sscales of psychological well-being scale developed by Carol Ryff (1989) was used to measure the psychological well-being. In this research psychological well-being Inventory was used for data collection Data was analyzed by„t‟ test verify the hypothesis. The result shows that„t‟ value is 5.68 that is significant at 0.01 level. So, the hypothesis is accepted. . Results showed significant gender differences in the levels on psychological well-being. It means male and female students are difference in psychological well-being.

In this work, Andean sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) leaves were used to prepare monodispersed cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles under heating. Visual color changes and UV-visible spectroscopy of colloidal nanoparticles showed λmax at 255 nm, revealing the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the prepared nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 6–10 nm. The semi-crystalline nature and Cu2O phase of as-prepared nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polyphenols, alkaloids and sugar in the sacha inchi leaf, allowing the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles from Cu2+. Additionally, as-synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles exhibited good photocatalytic degradation activity against methylene blue (>78%, 150 min) with rate constant 0.0219106 min−1. The results suggested that the adopted method is low-cost, simple, ecofriendly and highly selective for the synthesis of small Cu2O nanoparticles and may be used as a nanocatalyst in the future in the efficient treatment of organic pollutants in water.

The challenge of extraction of natural product in the twenty-first century is to achieve 100% selectivity of the desired product and develop renewable energy based processes. An object of the present work is to provide a method for producing specific bioactive compounds from agricultural products. A simple protocol was used to obtain the conditions of microwave-assisted extraction (MWAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE). Total quercetin content under microwave irradiation for 150 sec at pH 6.25 (209 mg/ 100 gm F. wt). The effects of operating conditions, such as extraction time and pH on the extraction yield of quercetin were studied. Microwave-assisted ionic liquid-based silica sorbent (ILSis) was developed by a process involving surface chemical modification of commercial silica using a synthesized ionic liquid and characterized by FTIR. The obtained particles were successfully used as a special sorbent in a solid-phase separation process to isolate quercetin and its glycosides from solid onion. Different washing and elution solvents, such as water, water/methanol (v/v), and pure methanol were evaluated. Ionic liquid-based silica sorbent was compared with traditional C18 sorbent and it exhibited higher selectivity. The target compounds in solid onion containing quercetin and its glycosides were determined.

Recently, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a lot of interest for application in many fields ranging from catalysis, energy storage, and gas sensing to chemosensory and biomedicine owed to their flexible composition, tunable porosity, and easy functionalization ability. In particular, nanoscale MOFs have been broadly investigated as carriers for the delivery of therapeutics to cancerous organs owed to their high encapsulating capacity and controlled cargo release, versatility, biodegradability, and good biocompatibility. Several methods such as solvothermal, mechanochemical, electrochemical, microwave, and ultrasound have been utilized to fabricate MOFs via custom‐made synthesis. Many efforts have been made to functionalize MOFs through “post‐synthetic modification,” by adjusting the nature, size, and charge of the linkers or tuning its main components. Herein, a comprehensive literature review on recent papers dealing with drug‐loaded MOFs for the detection and treatment of cancer as well as bacterial, fungal, and viral infections is presented. Different types of MOFs applied as carriers in drug delivery systems and biosensing platforms are described. Furthermore, perspectives and challenges for future research in the field, particularly for cancer therapy, are discussed. Thus, very limited literature is available on in vitro and in vivo toxicity of nanoscale MOFs. Besides, their biological stability and long‐term safety are crucial factors that should be further investigated. Based on the reviewed papers, zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) and Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL) families have been the main focus for drug delivery and diagnosis applications, respectively, while many types of MOFs have exhibited antibacterial and antifungal properties regardless of their cargo.

Abstract The present report summarizes an eco-friendly approach for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaf extract of lavender. Initially, the synthesis of AgNPs was visually observed by the appearance of a wine red color. The optical property, morphology, and structure of as-synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. All characterization data revealed the formation of crystalline and spherical AgNPs (Ag/Ag

AbstrakHipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering ditemukan di tengahmasyarakat dan mengakibatkan angka kesakitan yang tinggi. Banyak faktor yangdapat memicu terjadinya hipertensi, salah satunya adalah obesitas.Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kejadian obesitas denganhipertensi ilakukan pada masyarakat etnik Minangkabau di 8 kelurahan di kotaPadang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi komparatif menggunakan desain crosssectional study, dengan jumlah sampel 204 orang. Pengumpulan data karakteritikdilakukan melalui wawancara dan pengukuran tekanan darah, berat badan, tinggibadan, dan lingkar perut dilakukan dengan cara yang direkomendasikan WHO.Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji chi square dan uji Independentsample T-test.Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa lebih dari separuh penderita hipertensimengalami obesitas (56,6%) dan obesitas sentral (54,9%) terdapat hubunganbermakna antara obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi (p<0,05; OR=1,82) danobesitas sentral dengan kejadian hipertensi (p<0,05; OR= 2,72). Uji Independentsample T-test menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p<0,05) dimana ada perbedaanrata-rata IMT (p= 0,025) antara responden hipertensi dan tidak hipertensi dan adaperbedaan rata-rata LP (p= 0,002) antara responden hipertensi dan tidakhipertensi.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubngan antara kejadian obesitasdan obesitas sentral dengan hipertensi pada masyarakat etnik Minangkabau dikota Padang.Kata kunci : Hipertensi, obesitas, obesitas sentralAbstractHypertension is a common health problem in the community and lead tohigh morbidity. Many factors can lead to hypertension, one of which is obesity.The Aim of this study was investigated the relationship of obesity with theincidence of hypertension, was conducted at the Minangkabau ethnic communitiesin 8 districts in the city of Padang. This research is a comparative study using across sectional study, with a sample of 204 people. Data collection was done withthe interview respondent characteristics. Measurement of blood pressure, weight,188ARTIKEL PENELITIANheight, waist and carried out by the WHO recommended. The statistical analysisused was chi square test and independent sample t-test.Results of the study found that more than half of obese patients with hypertension(56,6%) and central obesity (54,9%). Chi-square statistical test showed there wasa significant association between obesity and the incidence of hypertension (p<0,05; OR = 1,82). Likewise with central obesity, showed a significantassociation with the incidence of hypertension (p <0,05; OR = 2,72). Independentsample t-test showed there was a significant mean difference BMI (Body MassIndex) between hypertension respondent and normotension respondent (p= 0,025)and there was a significant mean difference WC (waist circumference) betweenhypertension respondent and normotension respondent (p= 0,002).The conclution of the study suggest association between obesity withhypertension in Minangkabau ethnic communities in the Padang city.Key word : Hypertension, Obesity, central obesity189

Background: L. Chemically, it is a mixture of flavonolignan complexes consisting of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, silydianin, a minor quantity of taxifolin, and other polyphenolic compounds, which possess different bio medicinal values. Purpose: This review critically looks into the current status, pharmaceutical prospects and limitations of the clinical application of Silymarin for treating neurological disorders. In particular, Silymarin's medicinal properties and molecular mechanisms are focused on providing a better-compiled understanding helpful in its neuro-pharmacological or therapeutic aspects. Methods: This review was compiled by the literature search done using three databases, i.e., PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and Science Direct, up to January 2023, using the keywords-Silymarin, neurological disorders, cognitive disorders, Type 2 Diabetes, pharmaceutical prospects and treatment. Then, potentially relevant publications and studies (matching the eligible criteria) were retrieved and selected to explain in this review using PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) study flow chart. Result: Since its discovery, it has been widely studied as a hepatoprotective drug for various liver disorders. However, in the last 10-15 years, several research studies have shown its putative neuroprotective nature against various brain disorders, including psychiatric, neurodegenerative, cognitive, metabolic and other neurological disorders. The main underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and curing such disorders are the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-neurotrophic and pro-estrogenic nature of the bioactive molecules. Conclusion: This review provides a lucid summary of the well-studied neuroprotective effects of Silymarin, its underlying molecular mechanisms and current limitations for its usage during neurological disorders. Finally, we have suggested a future course of action for developing it as a novel herbal drug for the treatment of brain diseases.

Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation presents an overview of carbon-based technologies and processes, and examines their usefulness and efficiency for environmental preservation and remediation. Chapters cover topics ranging from pollutants removal to new processes in materials science. Written for interested readers with strong scientific and technological backgrounds, this book will appeal to scientific advisors at private companies, academics, and graduate students.

= 0.994). All of these studies have emphasized that AuNPs production can be scale up by using naturally available pollen grains and open up a new perspective for beekeepers.

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnt/2019/2850723/abs/