Lake Champlain Maritime Museum

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed major gaps in our understanding of the transmission of viruses through the air. These gaps slowed recognition of airborne transmission of the disease, contributed to muddled public health policies and impeded clear messaging on how best to slow transmission of COVID-19. In particular, current recommendations have been based on four tenets: (i) respiratory disease transmission routes can be viewed mostly in a binary manner of 'droplets' versus 'aerosols'; (ii) this dichotomy depends on droplet size alone; (iii) the cut-off size between these routes of transmission is 5 µm; and (iv) there is a dichotomy in the distance at which transmission by each route is relevant. Yet, a relationship between these assertions is not supported by current scientific knowledge. Here, we revisit the historical foundation of these notions, and how they became entangled from the 1800s to today, with a complex interplay among various fields of science and medicine. This journey into the past highlights potential solutions for better collaboration and integration of scientific results into practice for building a more resilient society with more sound, far-sighted and effective public health policies.

The hydrolysis of Mg-based materials appears to be an ideal solution for clean energy production. Green hydrogen was produced by the hydrolysis reaction of a “standard” AZ91 alloy (called AZ91 in the following) in “model” seawater solution. Two milling speeds (i.e. 250 rpm and 350 rpm) were tested to enhance the reactivity of AZ91. Graphite and AlCl3 were used as ball milling additives. Milling at higher rotational speed is more energetic, hence it ameliorates the most the hydrolysis performance of AZ91. Comparing both milling additives, AlCl3 enhances the most the hydrolysis of AZ91 with a generation of 65% of its theoretical H2 generation capacity. The best material was obtained by milling AZ91 at 350 rpm with graphite for 2 h followed by a further milling with AlCl3 for 2 h – a yield of 75% of its theoretical H2 generation capacity was reached within a few minutes. The corrosion behavior of milled AZ91 was investigated by anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The calculated electrochemical parameters from EIS fitting of two materials milled under different conditions but with the same milling additive are approximately the same. This suggests that, in order to fully evaluate the reactivity of AZ91, hydrolysis, anodic polarization and EIS must be considered.

Abstract The use of indium-free transparent conductive electrodes is of great interest for organic optoelectronic devices. Among the possible replacements for ITO, dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) multilayer structures have already proven to be quite efficient. One issue with organic devices is their lifetime, which depends not only on the organic molecules used but also on the electrodes. Therefore we study the variation, with elapsed time, of the electrical and optical properties of different D/M/D structures, with M = Ag or Cu/Ag. Six years after realization, it has been shown that if some structures retained an acceptable conductivity, some others became non-conductive. For a sample which remains conductive, in the case of a PET/MoO 3 /Ag/MoO 3 multilayer structure, the sheet resistance changes from 5 Ω/sq–17 Ω/sq after six years. This evolution can be compared to that of a PET/ITO electrode that varies from 25 Ω/sq–900 Ω/sq after six years. It means that not only are the PET/MoO 3 /Ag/MoO 3 multilayer structures more flexible than PET/ITO, but they can also be more stable. Nevertheless, if some PET/MoO 3 /Ag/MoO 3 multilayer structures are quite stable, some others are not. This possible degradation appears to be caused primarily by the physical agglomeration of Ag, which can result in Ag film disruption. This Ag diffusion seems to be caused by humidity-induced degradation in these Ag-based D/M/D structures. Initially, defects begin to grow at a ‘nucleus’, usually a microscopic particle (or pinhole, etc), and then they spread radially outward to form a nearly circular pattern. For a critical density of such defects, the structure becomes non-conductive. Moreover the effect of humidity promotes Ag electrochemical reactions that produce Ag + ions and enhances surface diffusivity with AgCl formation.

EPS (Electric Power Steering) enables an increase in automotive fuel efficiency by 3-5% and contributes to the protection of the environment by eliminating the oil medium used in conventional hydraulic power steering. For this reason a sharp increase in demand for EPS is expected. Permanent magnet motors are generally used for EPS but a reduction of cogging torque in these motors is one of the challenges we face to ensure safe and comfortable vehicle handling. In this paper, magnetic field analysis was conducted on brushless motors with radially oriented ring magnets to find effective ways to reduce cogging. Through the investigation of the relationship between coercive force distribution and magnetizing waveform, it was confirmed that the following methods were effective in reducing the cogging torque.(1) Optimization of the skew magnetization angle according to the coercive force distribution along the axial direction of the magnet.(2) Control of the magnetizing intensity along of the circumferential direction of the magnet.

, it promotes short H-bonding distances yielding events of proton transfer to the crown ether. The infrared vibrational spectra predicted by the BOMD computations within this dynamic framework reproduce with remarkable accuracy the action spectra of the isolated complexes obtained in previous infrared laser spectroscopy experiments. The experimentally observed band positions and broadening can then be rationalized in terms of orientational diffusion of the cations, changes in the coordinating H-bonding pairs sustaining the complex and eventual proton bridge formation.

The study of the deep structure and evolution of passive continental margins is important for the understanding of rifting processes and the formation of associated sedimentary basins. Since the classical models of McKenzie (1978) and Wernicke (1985), understanding how passive continental margins form, that is to say mainly the way that continental lithosphere is thinned leading to subsidence, remains one of the main challenges in the Earth sciences. Many recent observations and discoveries have modified our basic views of margin formation. The conservational models paradigm (i.e., simple shear, pure shear, or polyphase models), which exclude exchanges between lower continental crust and upper mantle and which are usually proposed to explain lithospheric stretching and consequent crustal thinning of passive continental margins, fail to completely explain all these observations. Furthermore, these models imply a large amount of horizontal movement, movements not observed in the field. In consequence, new concepts need to be built and tested.

In modern times, the development of new survey, navigation, diving, and remotely operated vehicle technologies have made the location, exploration, and excavation of historic shipwrecks feasible to the general public. The debate on the value of underwater cultural heritage is recent and the issues of protecting underwater sites are now accepted. The diving community has been engaged in this debate for several decades, and a wide variety of viewpoints have developed. Museums focusing on underwater cultural heritage serve as platforms to foster discussions on submerged cultural resource protection. As any archaeological site, shipwrecks excite the general public. While museums provide a venue to share the story of the wrecks, or the historical contexts in which they existed, there are multiple ways to share this information with the public that will allow them a first-hand experience with a shipwreck. This notion has given rise to the concept of heritage tourism.

The specimen material was austenitic stainless steel, SUS316L. The residual stress was induced by water-jet peening. The residual stress was measured using the 311 diffraction with conventional X-rays. The measured residual stress showed the equi-biaxial stress state. To investigate thermal stability of the residual stress, the specimen was aged thermally at 773K in air to 1000h. The residual stress kept the equi-biaxial stress state against the thermal aging. Lattice plane dependency of the residual stress induced by water-jet peening was evaluated using hard synchrotron X-rays. The residual stress measured by the soft lattice plane showed the equi-biaxial stress state, but the residual stress measured by the hard lattice plane did not. In addition, the distributions of the residual stress in the depth direction were measured using a strain scanning method with hard synchrotron X-rays and neutrons.

The Material Culture of Steamboat Passengers: Archaeological Evidence from the Missouri River. Annalies Corbin. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 237 pp.

Alat pelindung diri merupakan seperangkat alat keselamatan yang digunakan untuk melindungi seluruh atau sebagian tubuh dari potensi bahaya kecelakaan.. Salah satu usaha yang dapat ditempuh untuk mengurangi resiko kecelakaan kerja adalah melalui  pengembangan  desain  topi  sebo.  Penelitian  ini  menghasilkan  rancangan sebuah desain produk yang memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna dengan menggunakan metode Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD). Pemilihan metode ini didasarkan kepada keterlibatan customer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah bentuk desain yang dilandasi keinginan pengguna dengan cara melakukan penyebaran kuisioner terhadap semua  customer atau pengguna di perusahaan PT. Transalindo Eka Persada, serta menjadikan untuk peningkatan keselamtan kerja. Rancangan pengembangan desain ini menggunakan metode House Of Ergonomic dari Ergonomic Function Development (EFD) dilakukan dengan melihat keinginan dari konsumen (VOC) dan menerjemahkannya menjadi bahasa teknis (karakteristik teknik). Diperoleh 9 atribut dan 6 karakteristik teknis. Berdasarkan pengembagan konsep rancanganan yang dihasilkan rancangan desain memiliki fungsi tahan dari percikan api dan melindungi dari panasnya api, Dari pengolahan data antropometri didapatkan ukuran spesifikasi produk antara lain lingkar kepala = 56cm, lebar lingkar hidung ke telinga = 65cm, panjang kain dari hidung ke dada = 34cm, lebar kain bawah = 82cm, lebar topi kepala = 36cm, dahi kehidung = 7cm, lebar kain setengah kepala belakang = 35cm. Dengan mengunakan bahan utama kain katun dan kulit .

Evaluation of the failure under creep deformation is essential in design and life management of high-temperature components constituting power generation plants. Deformation model as well as life evaluation rule plays an important role in such a evaluation and their accuracy needs to be qualified. In order to estimate variation of stress distribution with time due to creep deformation, creep strain equations are required to be used and their accuracy is important for the reliability of the assessment of creep damage. Creep strain equations for ka-SUS410J3 (ASME Grade 122) steel which is widely used in ultra-super critical thermal power plants were developed in this study. Expressions for the primary and the tertiary creep deformations were developed as well as those for the secondary creep deformation with special attentions to the difference between short-term and long-term behavior as well as dependency of the starting point of the tertiary creep phase on temperature and rupture time.

Cyclocheilichthys apogon ) yang merupakan ikan introduksi. Di beberapa badan air lainnya ikan ini merupakan ikan eknomis penting. Pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan dapat dilakukan dengan penetapan ukuran ikan yang dapat dieksploitasi. Ukuran layak tangkap ditetapkan berdasarkan aspek biologi dan ukuran ikan yang tertangkap ditentukan selektivitas alat tangkap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk menganalisis aspek biologi dan selektivitas jaring insang sebagai dasar pegelolaan sumberdaya ikan corencang di Waduk Jatiluhur. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari-November 2017 dengan percobaan penangkapan menggunakan jaring insang dengan ukuran mata jaring ¾; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 dan 2,5 inci. Ikan jantan dan betina yang tertangkap masing-masing berukuran 5,4-18,9 cm dan 4,3-19,8 cm dengan pola pertumbuhan alometrik positif. Lm untuk ikan betina yaitu 13 cm dan jantan 14 cm. Loo, K dan M untuk ikan jantan adalah 21 cm; 0,52 per tahun dan 0,7983 per tahun sedangkan untuk ikan betina adalah 21,0 cm; 1,53 per tahun dan 0,9900 per tahun. Panjang total ikan yang tertangkap dengan probalititas tertinggi untuk mata jaring ¾; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2 inci masing-masing adalah 7,2; 9,5; 14,3 dan 19,0 cm untuk ikan betina sedangkan untuk ikan jantan masing-masing adalah 7,0; 9,3; 14,0 dan 18,6 cm. Panjang total ikan yang boleh dieksploitasi dengan hasil optimal adalah > 14 cm dengan ukuran mata jaring ≥ 1,5 inci. Ukuran optimal tersebut lebih besar dari Lm dan nilai SPR > 40% menjamin pemanfaatan berkelanjutan serta memberikan nilai ekonomi tertinggi. Â

This study is targeted for elderly persons, we investigated individual the distance between people and robot. Individual distance was the distance the subjects felt "I do not want any more approached". The robot moved toward upright or chair-sitting subjects at constant velocities from a distance 5m apart. Research factor is 5 angle and 2 speed. The following three results were obtained by the study:1. Individual distance of upright subjects was shorter than chair-sitting subjects.2. The robot's angle and speed did not have great influence on the distance. However, in the upright is speed, chair-sitting is angle slight influence.3. Individual distance of elderly persons was shorter than adult persons.

Cystadenocarcinoma is an uncommon malignant salivary gland tumor that rarely occurs in the retromolar region. In this paper, we report a case of cystadenocarcinoma that caused considerable resorption of the mandible. The patient was a 79-year-old woman who had a painless swelling, measuring 25 × 25 mm, in the left retromolar region. Panoramic radiography revealed a multiple cystic lesion from the molar to ramus of the left side of the mandible. The tumor was excised by mandibular marginal resection. There was or recurrence or metastasis during 3 years of follow-up.

症例は50歳代の女性で2007年10月に血便と腹痛を主訴に近医を受診し，直腸癌の診断で2008年1月当科入院となった．既往歴で2005年6月に右乳癌で乳房円状部分切除を行い，術後放射線治療とアロマターゼ阻害薬の内服治療をおこなった．下部消化管内視鏡検査で肛門縁より12cmの直腸に亜全周性の2型腫瘍を認めた．生検では低分化腺癌であった．CTでは直腸に造影効果のある腫瘤性病変を認め，子宮とは一部不明瞭で浸潤が疑われた．2008年1月に低位前方切除，単純子宮全摘術，両側付属器切除を行った．病理組織検査で直腸の異所性子宮内膜症を発生母体とした明細胞腺癌と診断された．Ra，2型，4.5×2.5cm，clear cell adenocarcinoma，pSS，int，INF b，ly2，v1，pN2（7/36），pStage IIIbであった．術後に卵巣癌に準じた化学療法（PTX/CBDCA）を婦人科で行っている．異所性子宮内膜症を発生母体とする直腸原発明細胞腺癌の1例を経験した．

This paper deals with a development of an electronic fuel injection system for an IDI engine to meet Euro-III norms in the M1 class. The DPCN (DPC-Numeric) system developed is an extension of the rotary FIE specification existing already on the Euro-I and the Euro-II emission norms. The paper deals in the steps involved in the development plan and also elaborates on the results that have been obtained.

Este trabajo aborda el estudio del Solutrense y del Magdaleniense en Andalucía. Se analizan las principales características cronológicas e industriales de cada período, con un especial énfasis en aquellos yacimientos clave que articulan la secuencia del Pleistoceno Superior Final. Asimismo, se incorporan los descubrimientos realizados en los últimos años y también se analizan aquellas estaciones cuya ubicación cronológica en estas etapas resulta conflictiva.This work approaches the study of the Solutrean and Magdalenian in Andalusia. They are analyzed the principáis chronologicals and industriáis characteristics of each period, with a especial emphasis in those sites that articúlate the sequence of the Upper Pleistocene. Also, they are incorporatéd the discoveries accomplished in the most recent years and they are also analyzed those stations whose chronological position in these stages results conflicting.

Energy systems are becoming increasingly complex in order to cope with carbon emission limitations and to pave the way for electrification for new applications. It is important to ensure consistency between the policy considerations surrounding such issues and the associated technical constraints. The approach allows a wide range of stakeholders to investigate strategies and roadmaps for electricity mixes through a minimal, but rigorous and robust, approach.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui model komunikasi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan literasi digital masyarakat di Labuan Bajo Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) yang menjadi salah satu Destinasi Pariwisata Super Prioritas Indonesia. NTT memiliki skor Indeks Masyarakat Digital Indonesia (IMDI) 39,34 dari IMDI nasional 43,18 dan menjadi 5 provinsi terbawah dari 38 provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model komunikasi Lasswell yang diintegrasikan dengan empat pilar literasi digital Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital mampu memberikan kerangka strategis yang relevan melalui penyesuaian dengan kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat. Model komunikasi literasi digital yang diusulkan bersifat partisipatif-adaptif dengan elemen: Komunikator melibatkan tokoh muda lokal, komunitas lokal, guru/dosen, pegiat UMKM, kampus lokal, tokoh agama, dan pemerintah. Pesan berupa materi empat pilar literasi digital Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital dengan prioritas pada aspek keamanan dan etika digital melalui berbagai platform media sosial dengan didukung pelatihan tatap muka yang dikemas dengan pendekatan sosial budaya. Komunikan dapat dibagi per segmen yaitu pelaku UMKM, anak muda, orang tua, dan perangkat desa, sehingga efek yang diharapkan yaitu peningkatan literasi digital masyarakat Labuan Bajo dapat tercapai.

Soft substrates are deformed by liquid-vapor surface tension upon contact with liquid droplets, forming the well-known wetting ridge. This ridge dynamically propagates with the moving contact line and critically influences liquid spreading. Here, we experimentally investigate gravity-driven sliding dynamics of water droplets on vertically tilted silicone layers whose viscoleasticity is characterized by the Chasset-Thirion model with the exponent m. At low Bond numbers, the sliding velocity scales with droplet size as V S $\sim$ D 2 m . While in the thin-film limit, velocity exhibits a pronounced power-law dependence on nominal substrate thickness, V S $\sim$ $Π$(h) -1 m . We rationalize these observations by quantifying viscoelastic dissipation within the soft layer and balancing it against the gravitational driving force using an energy-conservation framework. Our findings offer novel avenues for designing advanced soft coatings, anti-fouling and self-cleaning surfaces, and biomedical devices.