Ministry of Finance

During the 5-year period between 1987 and 1991, 99 patients with total root or upper root (C5, C6, or C7) injuries were treated by nerve transfer to obtain shoulder abduction. More than eight different combinations of coaptation between donor nerves (intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve, spinal accessory nerve, ipsilateral C7, or cervical motor nerves) and recipient nerves (suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve, and upper trunk or C5) were applied. All patients had at least 2 years of follow-up. Different results were obtained in each category. Simultaneous neurotization of the suprascapular and axillary nerves with the phrenic and spinal accessory nerves obtained much better and more reliable shoulder abduction. Neurotization of the C5 spinal nerve by multiple nerve transfers was another good option that yielded good shoulder abduction in a single patient. If the phrenic nerve was traumatized, neurotization of the suprascapular nerve solely with the spinal accessory nerve was still capable of achieving an acceptable range of shoulder abduction.

Researchers have sought to determine the correlation between intellectual capital and business performance to enable corporations to shape policy decisions that benefit business performance in the past two decades. Previous works have focused on information technology and biotechnology industries rather than on the construction industry. This research aims at developing a construction industry intellectual capital valuation model for managers of construction-related firms to make better decisions in managing intellectual capitals. An empirical study was conducted on the application of the proposed intellectual capital valuation model to four representative firms from the construction industry listed in Taiwan's stock market. It is found from the results of the empirical study that the business performance of construction industry relies highly on intellectual capital. As a result, the managers of construction related-firms should emphasize more on accumulation of the intellectual assets in order to improve their business performance. Moreover, the empirical results also show that the traditionally conceived ‘capital- and labour-intensive’ construction industry is actually highly intellectually capitalized, with the average values of the MV/BV and Tobin's q values significantly greater than 1.0 similar to that in the high-tech industries.

Taiwan has been developing digital technology for many years. Whether it is industry or government, Taiwan’s digitalisation level is among the highest in the world. This research aims to show how the application of chatbots and AI technology affects Taiwan’s local governments, what problems have arisen from its operations so far, and what key factors provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of chatbots. Contributions to the transformation of existing digital governments can be used to strengthen governance and political participation. This articleartical adopts a case study approach. The research findings are based on the evaluation model constructed by literature review and in-depth interviews; this ideal model examined the operational effectiveness of existing local government chatbots. Through in-depth interviews, we discovered that human-robot collaboration would be the most beneficial model for using artificial intelligence in the future. In order to maximise the benefits of human-robot collaboration, government agencies must enhance organisational members’ understanding of artificial intelligence through education and training to help cross-domain communication and coordination activities with entrusted units and through education and training to build an organisational culture that supports the organisation’s digital transformation.

Taiwan's invoice system is unique in the world in the sense that every invoice must follow the same printed format specified by the government. In addition, an accompanying lottery-like mechanism is implemented to give prizes to some invoice holders periodically as an incentive for citizens to request invoices upon transaction. This allows government to audit business sales, and has proven quite effective in curbing tax-related exploitations and boost tax income. To increase processing efficiency as well as to reduce paper consumption, the Taiwanese government began its e-invoicing project in the early 2000's. The first generation e-invoicing system targeted B2B and online B2C transactions, which accounted for only a very small portion of all invoices issued. The second generation, initiated in 2010, aimed to promote e-invoices to all physical retail chains. In this paper we survey Taiwan's e-invoicing system and assess its effects and obstacles.

This paper examines links between institutional responses to legal crises and shareholder valuation. It explores whether the defendant firm's market performance upon the announcement of a filing varies according to the crisis response strategies applied. It also investigates the relationship between the legal issue and the type of crisis response strategy. It examines whether the type of legal issue affects the relationship between the use of crisis response strategies and the firm's performance upon the announcement of a filing. The findings indicate that using nonexistence and distance strategies instead of no response may mitigate negative market response. However, when firms face corporate governance suits, whether or not they implemented crisis response strategies has a significantly negative impact on firm value.

Abstract This paper is the first attempt to investigate the ranking of the market concentration rate (Herfindahl–Hirschman index) under specific, demand, and cost ad valorem subsidies. We show that the cost ad valorem subsidy raises the variance of the distribution of effective marginal cost, thus increasing the allocative production efficiency and yielding the highest Herfindahl–Hirschman index. In addition, we find that the distortionary cost of subsidy and the cost heterogeneity of the domestic firms play an important role in determining the superiority of social welfare under three subsidy policies. Finally, of the three subsidy regimes, the total profit of the domestic firms under the cost ad valorem subsidy is the greatest. Our finding has altered the traditional wisdom on the choice of strategic trade policies.

This paper is divided into three parts as follows. The first part explains why Taiwan was relatively unscathed by the Asian Financial Crisis, including the short term countermeasures that were taken. The second part examines the role of short-term capital flows in the emerging market economy, and the third part concludes the paper.

Due to generation increase and load growing in recent years, Taiwan power system has faced with some transient instability problems. To tackle out this challenging task, two advanced techniques, including system integration protection scheme (SIPS) and automatic reclosing of transmission lines, are considered in Taiwan power system recently for transient stability enhancement. In facing three-phase faults, the generator rejection scheme (GRS) in SIPS is recommended for quickly maintaining the power balance. The reliability-based GRS with redundant voting mechanisms is conducted to reduce the risk of inappropriate GRS. Detailed settings of the arming threshold of the GRS are investigated by minimizing the risk contributed by unsuccessful operations and accidental operations. For other temporary nonsevere N-2 contingencies, the multiphase automatic reclosing scheme is considered to restore the system in the timing manner. Impacts of unbalanced fault current with respect to the withstanding capability of the generator are also studied. Simulation studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed solution.

Due to recent energy transformations in Taiwan, Taiwan power company planned to install several new generation units in DT power plant. However, due to the difficulty to construct new EHV transmission lines in its neighboring area, the system will experience transient instability problem under severe N-2 conditions. In order to tackle out this challenging task, two techniques, including system integration protection scheme (SIPS) and automatic reclosing (AR) of transmission lines are considered. For three-phase faults, the generator rejection scheme (GRS) in SIPS is recommended for quickly maintaining the power balance. The reliability-based GRS is studied in this paper. Redundant voting mechanisms are considered to reduce the risk of inappropriate generation rejections. Settings of the arming threshold of the GRS are investigated under the calculation of the risk. For other temporary non-severe N-2 faults, multi-phase automatic reclosing (MRAP) is recommended to restore the system in the timing manner. Impacts of unbalanced fault current with respect to the withstanding capability of the generator are also outlined. Simulation studies are conducted to validate the proposed solution.

This study investigates the perception of factors that are likely to influence the Internet information relevance of financial institutions. The media richness theory and stakeholder theory point out that the extent of information and stakeholder communication will influence the utilization of online information, while not many of these discussions are associated with financial institutions. This study integrates seven information categories into three constructs: sufficiency, stakeholder communication and external supervision, using a structural equation model to examine whether the three constructs relate to information utilization. The results show that stakeholder communication and external oversight are significantly related to the user's intention to utilize online information of financial institutions, while information sufficiency is not. These findings correspond to stakeholder theory as well as international guidelines that emphasize external oversight of financial institutions.