Ministry of Transport

Different non-ionic cellulose ethers (methyl cellulose, MC; hydroxyethyl cellulose, HEC; hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC; hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, HPMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were investigated as matrix formers for preparation of mini-tablets targeting vaginal drug delivery. Hexyl aminolevulinat hydrochloridum (HAL) was used as a model drug. The mini-tablets were characterized with respect to their mechanical strength, bioadhesion towards cow vaginal tissue in two independent tests (rotating cylinder test, detachment test using texture analyzer), and dissolution rate in two media mimicking the pH levels of fertile, healthy and post-menopausal women (vaginal fluid simulant pH 4.5, phosphate buffer pH 6.8). Mini-tablets with a matrix of either HPMC or HPC were found to possess adequate mechanical strength, superior bioadhesive behavior towards vaginal tissue, and pH independent controlled release of the model drug, suggesting that both systems would be suited for the treatment of women regardless of age, i.e., respective of their vaginal pH levels. Bioadhesive mini-tablets offer a potential for improved residence time in the vaginal cavity targeting contact with mucosal tissue and prolonged release of the drug.

This article examines the position of victims and those affected within communication theory. Current research has broadly been skewed toward reputation management and protecting brand value as primary goals of crisis communication efforts. As crises affect real people, crisis communication theory needs to be adapted to include their needs. To assure their needs are met, an integration of business ethics and psychosocial mechanisms in the field of crisis communication is proposed. This integration prevents crisis communication output from becoming an additional source of stress to the affected in the aftermath of crises. We offer recommendations for crisis communication scholarship to be inclusive and beneficial to victims and the affected in the aftermath of crises.

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GRO HARLEM BRUNDTLAND; GUEST EDITORIAL: Public health: a global challenge, European Journal of Public Health, Volume 8, Issue 1, 1 March 1998, Pages 1–2, https:

Altogether 4805 whole primary teeth from Norway, Portugal, Thailand, Hungary, Poland and Chile have been analyzed for lead. The teeth represented named urban, rural and industrialized areas, including the capitals of those countries. It was found that with the exception of teeth from Bangkok, which had a significantly higher tooth lead level than other Thai and foreign teeth, all capitals were either significantly lower or not significantly different from the level of the respective whole country, including the capital. The material represented times and countries where unleaded gasoline was not yet in common use. It is concluded that leaded gasoline may not be a primary source of lead burden in children in a country as a whole.

115 primary (deciduous) teeth from different areas in Santiago de Chile and 26 teeth from the town of Arica in the north of Chile were collected by local dentists. The teeth were analyzed for their content of lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc and copper, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The lead and cadmium contents in the primary teeth from Santiago were significanly higher than in the teeth from Arica, but the levels of copper were significantly lower. No significant differences were found for mercury or zinc. A positive, significant correlation was found between cadmium and lead for both the whole material and for Santiago alone. The Arica material showed a positive, significant correlation between mercury and lead, and between mercury and zinc. The average concentrations found probably do not represent a health risk, but nevertheless there may be children living in areas with below optimum conditions concerning these elements. Further investigations are suggested.

Improving tumor delivery of lipophilic drugs through identifying advanced drug carrier systems with efficient carrier potency is of high importance. We have performed an investigative approach to identify parameters that affect liposomes' ability to effectively deliver lipophilic camptothecin (CPT) to target cells. CPT is a potent anticancer drug, but its undesired physiological properties are impairing its therapeutic use. In this study, we have identified parameters influencing incorporation and retention of lipophilic CPT in liposomes, evaluating the effect of lipid composition, lipid chemical structure (head and tail group variations, polymer inclusion), zeta potential and anisotropy. Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) surface decoration was included to avoid liposome fusing and increase the potential for prolonged in vivo circulation time. The in vitro effect of the different carrier formulations on cell cytotoxicity was compared and the effect of active targeting of one of the formulations was evaluated. We found that a combination of liposome surface charge, lipid headgroup and carbon chain unsaturation affect CPT incorporation. Retention in liposomes was highly dependent on the liposomal surroundings and liposome zeta potential. Inclusion of lipid tethered PEG provided stability and prevented liposome fusing. PEGylation negatively affected CPT incorporation while improving retention. In vitro cell culture testing demonstrated that all formulations increased CPT potency compared to free CPT, while cationic formulations proved significantly more toxic to cancer cells that healthy cells. Finally, antibody mediated targeting of one liposome formulation further enhanced the selectivity towards targeted cancer cells, rendering normal cells fully viable after 1 hour exposure to targeted liposomes.

Biomass is widely used by households for cooking and heating in rural China. Along with rapid economic growth over the last three decades, increasing rural households tend to use less biomass and more commercial energy such as coal and electricity. In this paper, we analyzed the key drivers behind energy consumption and switching by rural households based on survey data of energy consumption by rural households in ten villages of Shanxi province in China. Our econometric results show that income growth can induce less use of biomass and more use of coal and modern fuels. However, no evidence shows that even wealthy households has abandoned biomass use in Shanxi, mainly due to the “free” access to land and agricultural resources in these villages. Previous wealth of a household represented by house value can lead to more time spent on biomass collection. Access to land resources has positive effects on biomass use and collection. Other key variables include education, household size, the number of elderly members, and coal price. We also find huge differences between villages, indicating the importance of access to agricultural resources and markets.

Populus allba and Calligonum mongolicunl farmland shelterbelt was planted in a moving sandy land outside newly reclaimed farmland in Hotan region.HOBO anemoscope,hygrograph,thermograph and sand sampler were set in the front and back of the shelterbelt,and the apparatus were conducted to determine the protection benefits of the farmland shelterbelt.The study was expected to provide a theoretical basis for building the outside protection forest and rationally exploiting and utilizing land resources in the deserted area.Results showed that wind-break potency of the shelterbelt decreased with the height.When wind velocity was greater than 6m/s,wind-break potencies for the Populus alba belt and Calligonum mongolicunl belt at the height of 0.5mwere 67.2%and 94.5%and at the height of 3m,31% and 33%,respectively. Wind-break potency decreased with wind velocity and the Populus alba belt's effect was more obvious. Farmland shelterbelt played an important role in decreasing wind velocity and reducing wind erosion,and sand transportation in the shelterbelt was about 10%as compared with mobile sandy land.Besides,radiation and temperature were decreased,and humidity was increased sharply under the shelterbelt.Farmland shelterbelt plays an effective role in decreasing wind velocity,fixing mobile sandy land and optimizing the microclimate.

Ушбу мақолада “Ўзбекистон темир йўллари” AЖнинг локомотив паркида мавжуд бўлган ва ҳозирги кунда фойдаланилаётган тортув ҳаракат таркиби турларини техник таҳлили келтириб ўтилган. Локомотивлардан фойдаланиш шартлари ва хизмат муддатини ўтаб бўлган локомотивларни асосий рама конструксиясини диагностика қилиш орқали қолдиқ хизмат муддатини аниқлаш тартиби келтириб ўтилган.

We present a spatial scoping indicator of the potential impacts of an all-inclusive taxi service as part of a plausible but hypothetical Mobility as a Service (MaaS) package in Manchester UK. Our indicator identifies the number of people in each area who have some potential for mode shift from walking, cycling, public transport or car commuting to an all-inclusive taxi service within a MaaS package. We find the method quick and straightforward. In our case study, potential to shift from walk to an all-inclusive taxi service within a MaaS package is almost double the potential shift away from car, which represents a risk of increased car use.

Ушбу мақолада темир йўл транспортида йўловчи ташиш фаолиятининг ривожланишини қамраб олувчи асосий йўналишлар таҳлил қилинган. 2014‐2023 йиллар давомида йўловчи ташишнинг статистик кўрсаткичлари, даромад ва харажатлар динамикаси, шунингдек, инфратузилма харажатлари юзасидан тўлиқ маълумотлар муҳокама қилинган.Мақолада темир йўл билан ташилган йўловчилар сони ва уларнинг айланмаси бўйича статистик таҳлиллар олиб борилган. Йўловчилар сонининг ўзгариши, даромаднинг ўсиши ва харажатларнинг динамикаси, шунингдек, йўловчи ташишдан кўрилган зарарлар таҳлил қилинган. Ушбу маълумотлардан келиб чиқиб, темир йўл транспортида йўловчи ташиш фаолиятидаги асосий муаммоларни аниқлаш ва уларнинг ечимларини таклиф этиш мақсад қилинган.Мақолада, темир йўл транспорти соҳасида замонавий технологияларни жорий этиш, кадрларнинг малакасини ошириш, ва йўловчиларга хизмат кўрсатишни такомиллаштириш орқали йўловчи ташиш фаолиятини янада яхшилаш йўллари тавсия этилган. Шунингдек, йўловчи ташиш фаолиятини ривожлантириш учун инфратузилма таклифлари ва иқтисодий барқарорликни таъминлаш учун керакли стратегик чоралар ҳақида маълумотлар берилган.Тадқиқотнинг натижалари темир йўл транспортини ривожлантириш учун самарали стратегияларни ишлаб чиқишда муҳим аҳамиятга эга бўлиб, йўловчи ташишни жадал ривожлантириш, иқтисодий самарадорликни ошириш ва йўловчилар учун қулайликларни яратишда ўз ўрнини топади.

Based on structural reliability theory,the influence of highway overload vehicles on the safety of RC flexural members is examined. First,setting the dead load and vehicular load as the most basic load combination for safety analysis and introducing vehicular live load influence coefficient, the structural performance function with several levels of overloaded live loads is built,and a mathematical model for analyzing the safety of bridges is presented based on the single second-order moment method. Then,based on the limit state design expressions of the bearing capacity of RC flexural members specified in 85 edition and04 edition of bridge design specifications,according to the statistical parameters of resistances and load effect suggested by Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Highway Engineering Structures,the influence of different live load influence coefficient on the reliability index of RC flexural members is calculated. The calculation result indicates that( 1) the overload vehicles has significant impact on the reliability index of RC flexural members;( 2) given the value of live load coefficient,the greater ratio of vehicular live load effect to dead load effect adopted in the design of bridges will result in greater overload effect on structural safety of existing bridges.

Maqolada simsiz zaryadlash tizimining umumiy va prinsipial sxemalari haqida ma’lumot berilgan hamda simsiz zaryadlash texnologiyasining tasniflanishida induktiv aloqa, magnit-rezonansli aloqa texnologiyalari, ularning umumiy tushunchalariga e’tibor qaratilgan.

<strong>Anotatsiya</strong>: Ushbu maqola hozigi zamonda avtomobillar avlodining almashinuvi, balki eski avlodning yangi ya`ni ellektromobilga aylanishi haqida so`z yuritadi. Unda avvalgi va keyingi avlod haqida, ular orasidagi “oraliq formalar” borasida ilmiy bahhslar yuritiladi

Yuk vagonlarini harakatga asosiy solishtirma qarshiligi turli xil vagonlar kombinatsiyasidan tashkil topgan poyezdlarning uchastkadagi og‘irligini me’yorlashda asosiy parametrlardan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada turli xil vagonlar kombinatsiyasidan tashkil topgan poyezdlarning harakatga asosiy solishtirma qarshiligini aniqlashning takomillashtirilgan metodikasi ishlab chiqilib, temir yo‘l uchastkasidagi poyezdlar og‘irligiga ta’siri baholangan. Turli vagonlarni harakatga asosiy solishtirma qarshiligining yuk poyezdi og‘irligiga ta’sirini o‘rganish uchun ikki xil holatda tadqiq qilindi. Birinchi holatda, vagonlarning soni bo‘yicha tarkibdagi ulushi asosida o‘rtacha asosiy solishtirma qarshilik hisoblandi (mavjud metodika), ikkinchisida o‘qqa tushadigan yuklamasi turlicha bo‘lgan vagonlarning og‘irligi bo‘yicha tarkibdagi ulushi asosida o‘rtacha asosiy solishtirma qarshilik hisoblandi (taklif etilgan metodika). Natijada yuk poyezdi tarkibidagi turli vagonlarning ular soni va og‘irligi bo‘yicha tarkibdagi ulushi asosida hisoblangan o‘rtacha asosiy solishtirma qarshilik orasidagi farq o‘rtacha 26% gacha bo‘lishi aniqlangan. Bunda, turli vagonlarning og‘irligi bo‘yicha tarkibdagi ulushi asosida olingan o‘rtacha asosiy solishtirma qarshilik, ular soni bo‘yicha olingan qiymatdan doim kichik yoki teng bo‘lishi asoslangan. Turli hisobiy nishabliklarga ega uchastkalar misolida vagonlarning og‘irligi bo‘yicha tarkibdagi ulushi asosida olingan poyezd og‘irligi, ular soni bo‘yicha olingan qiymatdan 52 dan 333 tonnagacha farq qilishini ko‘rsatilgan

Ushbu maqolada geosintetik materiallardan foydalangan holda yer polotnosi qiyaliklari ustivorliginita’minlash choralari ko‘rilgan. Zamonaviy qurilish materiallardan foydalangan holda temir yo‘l yerpolotnosinning mustaxkamligi va hizmat muddatini oshirish hamda barqarorligini ta’minlashda bugungikunda rivojlangan davlatlarning qurilish sohasida keng qo‘llanilayotgan zamonaviy texnologiyalardan biribo‘lgan geosintetik materiallarni qo‘llash samaradorligi keltirilgan. Shu bilan birga qumli gruntlarning fizikva mexanik hususiyatlarini geosintetik materillarni qo‘tarma qiyaliklariga yotqizish orqali yahshilash va tutibturuvchi kuchlarning barqarorligini oshirish usullari muhokama qilingan. Shuningdek ko‘tarma qiyaliklarinihajmiy geopanjaralar bilan mustahkamlashda geopanjaraning har bir yacheykasiga ta’sir etuvchi kuchlarninghisobiy sxemasi ko‘rib chiqilgan. Har bir geopanjara yacheykasiga ta’sir etuvchi tutib turuvchi kuchlarnihisobga olgan holda hajmiy geopanjaralar bilan mustahkamlashda qiyaliklarning ustuvorlik koeffitsientiningo‘zgarishi tahlil qilingan

В статье рассмотрен подход к комплексной оценке профессиональных рисков травматизма наподземных горных работах Донского горно-обогатительного комбината с использованием методаКиннея. В качестве исходной базы использованы данные 180 зарегистрированных несчастных случаев,произошедших на шахтах «Молодёжная», «ДНК» и ШСЦ за 21-летний период. Проведенаидентификация опасностей по внутреннему классификатору, выделены наиболее значимые события,включая падения пород и обрушения, воздействие движущихся механизмов и падения с высоты.Расчёты по методу Киннея показали, что уровень риска по основному виду опасности (код 15)превышает допустимые значения (R = 300 при пороге в 70 баллов), что классифицируется какнеприемлемый риск. Сделаны обоснованные выводы о необходимости внедрения предупредительныхмер на основе количественного анализа. Представленный подход позволяет систематизироватьуправление промышленной безопасностью на объектах с высокой степенью травмоопасности.

Ushbu maqolamizda сhet tillarini (ingiz tili) о‘rganish va о‘qitishda zamonaviy texnologiyalardan о‘rinli foydalanish va о‘qituvchning о‘z ustida izlanishi, ma’suliyatni his etishi, darslarga yangiliklar kiritishi, darsning qiziqarli va jonli bо‘lishini ta’minlashi haqida yozilgan. Mamlakatimizda taʼlim muassalari hamda, nodavlat oʼquv muassasalarida bugungi kunda chet tillarini oʼrganishga boʼlgan yehtiyoz tufayli сhet tillarini (ingiz tili) oʼqitishning zamonaviy texnologiyalar yordamida, yangicha metologiyalardan foydalanib fundamental, lingvosotsiomadaniy, kommunikativ metodlar qiyosiy tahlil etilgan, ularning taʼlim jarayonidagi oʼrni va ahamiyati koʼrsatilib ilmiy chiqatdan yoritilgan.zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalangan holda talabalarni сhet tillarini (ingiz tili) ga oʼrgatishning yoʼllari haqida fikr yuritilgan. Аsosiy eʼtibor tinglab tushunish, uyda mutolaa kilish kabi aspektlarga qaratilgan.

Ushbu maqolada temir yo‘l transportida harakat xavfsizligini ta’minlashda buksa nazorati tizimlarining ahamiyati va o‘rni tahlil qilingan. “O‘zbekiston temir yo‘llari” AJ tarmog‘ida qo‘llanilayotgan nazorat qurilmalarining turlari, ularning ishlab chiqarilgan yillar kesimidagi holati hamda statistik ma’lumotlari asosida samaradorligi baholandi. 2022–2024 yillar davomida qayd etilgan nosozliklar, shu jumladan “qizish aniqlanmagan” holatlar, qurilmalardagi texnik nosozliklar va quyosh nurlari ta’siri bilan bog‘liq xato signallar tahlil qilindi. Olingan natijalar asosida mavjud tizimlarning kuchli va zaif jihatlari ochib berildi.Maqolada, shuningdek, buksa nazoratini takomillashtirish uchun mikroprotsessorli tizimlar asosida masofaviy monitoringning zamonaviy yondashuvlari yoritilgan. Taklif etilgan tizim infratuzilmasida sezgir sensorlardan foydalanish, signalni filtratsiya va intellektual algoritmlar asosida qayta ishlash, shuningdek, real vaqt rejimida ma’lumotlarni radiomodular asosida uzatish hamda masofadan monitoring qilish ko‘rib imkoniyatlari chiqilgan. Ushbu natijalar buksa nazorati tizimlarini modernizatsiya qilish orqali poyezd harakat xavfsizligini oshirish va texnik xizmat ko‘rsatish samaradorligini yaxshilashga xizmat qiladi.