Purdue Global

An increasing number of travel, tourism, and hospitality management programs are developing and implementing online courses. Faculty and students are encountering advantages and disadvantages as they navigate the new classroom environment. It is important to realize there are common challenges associated with online teaching and yet there are many tools available to help instructors become more proficient so they can meet learning objectives and increase student success. This paper will share how three instructors collaborated and presented an interactive workshop to a sampling of faculty during which they uncovered some hindrances and revealed some of their best practices using specific tools.

The paper investigates the R&D impact on the financial value of the company. The first part focuses on the previous findings in the existing literature and the relationships between R&D and earnings, operational performance, revenue growth and market value, in order to evidence the high potential of change in terms of new indicators. The second part includes the empirical analysis using a sample of 103 companies which registered high values of R&D, between 1979 and 2013. Overall, we assume a positive impact of R&D on the corporate value, using a new variable that includes both decision and outcome features.

The purpose of this paper is to explore health literacy of adults in the United States and review health outcomes as well as provider implications. Limited health literacy is a serious problem in the United States. Approximately 80 million adults in the United States have limited health literacy, which can adversely affect the quality of their health care. Poor health outcomes are associated with being health illiterate. Evidence shows that limited health literacy is associated with more hospitalizations; greater use of emergency care; lower receipt of mammography screening and influenza vaccine; poorer ability to demonstrate taking medications properly; poorer ability to interpret drug labels and health messages; and, among elderly persons, poorer overall health status and higher mortality rates. Health literacy is essential for patients to be able to take control and manage their own health. The benefits of being health literate include greater patient safety, less hospitalizations, a greater ability to care for oneself, and a greater cost savings to the healthcare system. This paper emphasizes “best practices” recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO),1 The American Medical Association (AMA),2 the Institute of Medicine (IOM),3 the Center for Disease Control (CDC),4 and the Joint Commission (JCAHO) 5 When patients, providers and communities work together to understand and improve health literacy a greater quality of life will result. Today’s health care providers are in a position to make an impact on the health illiteracy epidemic and improve the patient’s understanding about their health and outcomes.

A significant proportion of individuals with psychiatric disorders face dual challenges such as managing the symptoms and disabilities of their conditions and enduring stigma arising from misconceptions about mental illness. This stigma denies them quality-of-life opportunities, such as access to satisfactory healthcare services, better employment, safer housing, and social affiliations. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of stigmatization on psychiatric illness outcomes, particularly its influence on treatment adherence, treatment-seeking behavior, and care outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of 39 studies published between 2010 and 2024, focusing on the effects of stigmatization on psychiatric illness outcomes. The review utilized robust methodology following Cochrane guidance and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, including studies from 2010 to 2024 obtained from databases such as PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies, with most studies rated as moderate to high quality. The findings indicate that stigma in psychiatric illness is closely associated with several factors, including illness duration (mean effect size = 0.42, p < 0.05), frequency of clinic visits (mean reduction = 2.3 visits/year), and diagnosis of psychotic disorders (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.20-2.65). Stigma manifests through misinformation, prejudice, and discrimination, leading to significant barriers to accessing and adhering to psychiatric treatment, thereby worsening health outcomes. It leads to delays in accessing healthcare, poor adherence to medication and follow-up, and negative psychiatric health outcomes, including disempowerment, reduced self-efficacy, increased psychiatric symptoms, and decreased quality of life. Also, stigma extends to caregivers and healthcare professionals, complicating care delivery. This review highlights the need for effective interventions and strategies to address stigma, emphasizing the importance of educational interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of public stigma. Understanding the multifaceted nature of stigma is crucial for developing targeted approaches to improve psychiatric care outcomes and ensure better mental health services for individuals with mental illnesses.

The currently available measures of online teaching effectiveness (OTE) have several flaws, including a lack of psychometric rigor, high costs, and reliance on the construct of traditional on-the-ground teaching effectiveness as opposed to the unique features of OTE (Blackman, Pedersen, March, Reyes-Fournier, &amp; Cumella, 2019). Therefore, the present research sought to establish a psychometrically sound framework for OTE and develop and validate a measure based on this clearly-defined construct. The authors developed pilot questions for the new measure based on a comprehensive review of the OTE literature and their many years of experience as online instructors. Students enrolled in exclusively online coursework and programs at Purdue University Global, N = 213, completed the survey, rating the effectiveness of their instructors. Exploratory Factor Analysis produced four clear OTE factors: Presence, Expertise, Engagement, and Facilitation. The resulting measure demonstrated good internal consistency and high correlations with an established OTE measure; good test-retest reliability; and predictive validity in relation to student achievement. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed a good fit of the data and yielded a final 12-item OTE measure. Further refinement and validation of the measure are recommended, particularly with students in other universities, and future research options are discussed.Keywords: online teaching effectiveness, instructor effectiveness, distance learning, student evaluations, asynchronous learning.

Background: Social media has transformed and influenced how health information is accessed, how people engage in health-promoting behaviors, and how they develop attitudes toward wellness. Methods: This systematic review examines the impact of social media on various health behaviors from 2010 to 2025. Guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework, and after screening 436 articles from databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL, 82 studies were included that were published in English, and examined Social Media’s influence on health-related behaviors. Results: Thematic synthesis revealed five dominant categories: physical activity and fitness, dietary behaviors and nutrition, mental health and wellbeing, substance use and risky behavior, and health misinformation. The platform, content exposure, and user engagement are all factors that can contribute to social media being an enabler and an obstacle to positive health behavior change. Conclusions: This review identifies key knowledge gaps, highlights emerging trends, and provides direction for future interdisciplinary research and public health strategies. This review was not registered and received no funding.

The integration of human, animal, and environmental health in the One Health framework is crucial for tackling complex health and environmental issues. Governance structures in One Health initiatives are essential for coordinating efforts, fostering partnerships, and establishing effective policy frameworks. This systematic review, registered with PROSPERO, aims to evaluate governance architectures in One Health initiatives. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and Cochrane from 2000 to 2023 were conducted. Key terms focused on peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and relevant grey literature. Nine eligible studies were selected based on inclusion criteria. Data synthesis aimed to assess governance mechanisms' functionality and effectiveness. Among 1277 sources screened, nine studies across diverse regions were eligible. An adapted framework assessed implementation mechanisms of international agreements, categorizing them into Engagement, Coordination, Policies, and Financial domains. The findings highlight the importance of effective governance, stakeholder engagement, and collaborative approaches in addressing One Health's challenges. Identified challenges include deficient intersectoral collaboration, funding constraints, and stakeholder conflicts. Robust governance frameworks are pivotal in One Health paradigms, emphasizing stakeholder engagement and collaboration. These insights guide policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in refining governance structures to enhance human-animal health and environmental sustainability. Acknowledging study limitations, such as methodological variations and limited geographical scope, underscores the importance of further research in this area.

Abstract The East Antarctic Ice Sheet stores a vast amount of freshwater, which makes it the single largest potential contributor to future sea-level rise. However, the lack of well-constrained geological records of past ice sheet changes impedes model validation, hampers mass balance estimates, and inhibits examination of ice loss mechanisms. Here we identify rapid ice-sheet thinning in coastal Dronning Maud Land from Early to Middle Holocene (9000–5000 years ago) using a deglacial chronology based on in situ cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dates from central Dronning Maud Land, in concert with numerical simulations of regional and continental ice-sheet evolution. Regional sea-level changes reproduced from our refined ice-load history show a highstand at 9000–8000 years ago. We propose that sea-level rise and a concomitant influx of warmer Circumpolar Deep Water triggered ice shelf breakup via the marine ice sheet instability mechanism, which led to rapid thinning of upstream coastal ice sheet sectors.

Abstract This study integrates social comparison theory) and self‐determination theory to examine the roles of escapism, conformity, and individual cultural values in shaping luxury brand attitudes. Concepts related to consumer upward and downward social comparison are complemented by aspects related to self‐determination and autonomy. Drawing on survey data from the United States and Colombia, the research employs partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate the complex drivers of luxury consumption. The findings reveal that escapism and conformity, complementary motivations grounded in social comparison and self‐determination theories, positively influence luxury brand attitudes. Furthermore, individual cultural values, such as self‐enhancement and self‐transcendence, moderate the relationships between these consumer motivations and attitudes. The cross‐cultural comparison highlights differences in the influence of cultural values on luxury consumption between two distinct cultures. The fsQCA—results uncover distinct configurations of motivations and values sufficient for driving positive luxury attitudes, extending the understanding of the complex interplay of factors shaping luxury consumption. By integrating social comparison theory and self‐determination theory perspectives, examining cultural values, and employing advanced methodological approaches, this study contributes to the theoretical understanding of luxury consumption. It also offers valuable insights for luxury brand managers navigating the evolving global market. Future research directions emphasize the potential for further integrating these two theoretical frameworks in the luxury domain.

Global leadership has been shaped by three major forces of change: liberalization (trades, policies, etc.), globalization and technology development. From an examination of the history of exponential change faced by companies, we notice a new style of management is flourishing. A review of scholarly and literary works on management reveals that there is a wide array of techniques to describe leadership practice and its intricacies. Management style has been conceptualized as a trait, as a behavior or seen from a cultural movement perspective. In this paper, the pedigree of leadership thought, and the recognized management theories that have progressed since the turn of the century, are examined.

The purpose of this mini review is to (1) summarize the findings on the impact of night shift on nurses' health and wellness, patient and public safety, and implications on organizational costs and (2) provide strategies to promote night shift nurses' health and improve organizational costs. The night shift, compared with day shift, results in poorer physical and mental health through its adverse effects on sleep, circadian rhythms, and dietary and beverage consumption, along with impaired cognitive function that increases nurse errors. Nurse administrators and health care organizations have opportunities to improve nurse and patient safety on night shifts. Low-, moderate-, and higher-cost measures that promote night nurses' health and well-being can help mitigate these negative outcomes. The provided individual and organizational recommendations and innovations support night shift nurses' health, patient and public safety, and organizational success.

Family–school partnership has consistently been associated with positive student outcomes. Unfortunately, efforts to engage parents are often demanding, with limited planning around reinforcement needed to sustain participation. The study purpose was to evaluate a behavioral approach to enhance teacher–parent communication and improve student on-task classroom behavior. Positive Parent Contact (PPC) required teachers to recognize positive behavior of a student identified for additional behavioral supports and report positive incidents to parents through two weekly emails. A multiple-baseline design was used with five participant triads (teacher, student, and parent) from two elementary schools. Visual analysis and descriptive statistics showed increased on-task behavior based on observations conducted during challenging classroom routines. Non-overlap of all pairs’ effects ranged from .67 to .90, with a combined effect of .75 (Hedges g). Results suggest that PPC improved on-task classroom behavior, and reciprocal parent–teacher communication was enhanced. Parents and teachers reported that PPC was feasible and acceptable. Limitations and implications are discussed.

This qualitative study explores school leaders’ (principals and assistant principals) perspectives on crisis leadership roles and their competencies in responding to and managing a crisis. The role of school leaders has become increasingly disrupted by unexpected incidents that are diverse and complex in nature. As such, their knowledge of crisis leadership roles and competencies is critical for schools’ effectiveness in an era of crisis management. The study draws on complex adaptive system theory (CAST) to explore the roles necessary for school leaders to become crisis leaders and analyze school leaders’ experiences and responses to crises in the educational setting. This study investigates qualitative interview data from 20 principals and assistant principals who were knowledgeable of safety protocols and experienced a crisis in one southern K-12 school district in the United States. Data analysis yielded three main leadership roles: (a) agile decision-maker, (b) influencer, and (c) coordinator. Each role is supported with interview data and literature to describe the competencies that guide the action of leaders as they respond to and manage a crisis. The roles support school leaders in reshaping their understanding of a crisis leader, and the competencies explain the actions during crisis response for a school leader. Exploring school leadership roles to manage a crisis in the K-12 system contributes to the literature on crisis leadership in the educational setting during a crisis.

Student persistence is important for students, faculty, and universities and online faculty mentoring supports student persistence to graduation. The online learning environment is increasingly a choice for more undergraduate students, and it continues to grow in popularity as an attractive option for adults. It is crucial to find ways to increase persistence and graduation especially given the increased use of virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Attrition rates in online learning can be high for a variety of reasons, including persistence and engagement. Faculty mentors in the online environment can strengthen connections and relationships with undergraduate students, and it is important to ask for and evaluate these student perceptions. This mixed methods study surveyed and interviewed undergraduate students in an online university to understand both their experiences with faculty mentoring in the online environment and the potential of a faculty mentor program in a large online university. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of four undergraduate student mentees with their faculty mentor at a large online university using mixed methods research design. In addition, survey data from one department are analyzed to guide future mentoring programs in online learning environments. Findings from the study indicate belief that mentoring and encouragement from faculty would enhance students’ scholarly experience. Students indicated they would like to participate in a faculty mentoring program, and it was clear that students welcome and appreciate the opportunity to further cement a professional relationship between themselves and faculty. This article makes a unique contribution to higher education research, providing a potential model for others seeking guidance in mentoring in online higher education. The data analysis and research indicate that a larger scale mentoring program might be more valuable for students.

= 5,884) received Functional Family Therapy (FFT) provided as part of court-ordered probation services by 11 community sites throughout Florida. Sites provided home-based FFT to families with male (72%) or female (28%) delinquent youth. Juvenile justice courts referred clients to these services in an effort to redirect them away from incarceration. Clients were Hispanic (18%), Black (41%), and White Non-Hispanic (36%), while therapists (female, 79%) were of Hispanic (28%), Black (20%), and White Non-Hispanic (50%) ethnic/racial origins. Analyses of clients' pretreatment recidivism risk and therapist's caseload of risky clients demonstrated that both individual and treatment site case-mix of client criminal risk levels were associated with higher adjudicated felony recidivism. Furthermore, clinical process indicators suggest that therapists with larger rather than smaller caseloads of high-risk clients provided treatment with greater fidelity. Results suggest that experience in working with challenging clients is critical for achieving fidelity with these cases.

INTRODUCTION: This community-based participatory research pilot study explored multilevel perceptions and strategies for developing future faith-based organization blood pressure interventions for young black men. METHODS: Community partners recruited the sample through two, southeastern U.S. urban churches as potential intervention hubs; academic partners conducted phone interviews with church leader key informants, and three focus groups with black men aged 18-50 years. Qualitative content analysis helped generate themes from: key informant questions assessing organizational assets and capacities, and factors influencing participation; and focus group questions assessing lifestyle and self-management behaviors. Questions assessing themes on blood pressure intervention strategies were asked. Data were collected in 2016 and analyzed in 2016-2017. RESULTS: The sample included 21 key informants and 19 young black men. Key informants' leadership experience averaged 16.6 (SD=12.1) years and 28.6% were male. Focus group participants were primarily single (55.6%), college educated (61.1%), and employed (77.8%). Mean blood pressure was 131.1 (SD=15.3)/79.5 (SD=11.2) mmHg, 33.3% self-reported having hypertension, 88.9% report a family history of hypertension, and 88.9% see a provider annually. For key informants, young black men lack understanding of hypertension despite available resources, and pastors are important role models and advocates. For focus group participants, hidden sodium and stressful, busy schedules impact lifestyle behaviors; and church support for busy schedules are important. Common strategies included incentive-laden, activity-integrated programs, and male social context (testimonials, peer mentoring, engagement outside of the church). CONCLUSIONS: Findings and lessons learned will help design future community-based participatory research, faith-based organization-led blood pressure interventions relevant to young black men. SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION: This article is part of a supplement entitled African American Men's Health: Research, Practice, and Policy Implications, which is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.

NPs see many medication alerts on a daily basis. The dilemma is finding a balance between having enough alerts to prevent harm and too many inappropriate alerts, causing alert fatigue. Technical and human factors affect how alerts impact NPs, and consequently, NPs should play a role in ensuring only appropriate alerts are used.

AbstractThe escalating impact of artificial intelligence (AI) has birthed the fascinating technology of deepfakes, capable of meticulously crafting hyper-realistic audio-visual manipulations. Within the realm of healthcare, this technology presents a double-edged sword, brimming with potential for revolutionizing various facets of care delivery while simultaneously harboring significant ethical and practical challenges. This research delves into the complex narrative surrounding AI deepfakes in healthcare, meticulously analyzing both the exciting opportunities they offer, and the inherent risks associated with their implementation.Background:Traditional healthcare practices face limitations in patient engagement, accessibility, and training efficacy. Deepfakes, with their ability to simulate real-world scenarios and interactions, emerge as a potential solution, offering personalized patient education, immersive mental health interventions, remote consultations with virtual avatars, and realistic training simulations for medical professionals.Objective:This research aims to comprehensively understand the multifaceted impact of AI deepfakes in healthcare systems. It seeks to: Identify and analyze the potential benefits of deepfakes in specific healthcare applications. Assess the ethical and practical challenges associated with deepfake implementation in healthcare settings. Propose recommendations for safe, responsible, and ethical integration of deepfakes within the healthcare system.Results/Conclusion:The research findings illuminate a landscape replete with opportunities and challenges. Deepfakes offer the potential to enhance patient education, personalize mental health interventions, facilitate remote consultations, and revolutionize medical training. However, concerns regarding misinformation, ethical breaches, data privacy, and technical limitations pose significant challenges.The conclusion emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that capitalizes on the innovative potential of deepfakes while mitigating potential harm. Collaborative efforts involving healthcare professionals, technologists, and policymakers are crucial for establishing ethical frameworks, ensuring responsible development, and harnessing the positive power of deepfakes to build a future where healthcare benefits from cutting-edge technology while prioritizing patient well-being and ethical principles.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a competency-based curriculum design model based on a set of ten foundational professional competencies (PCs) that prepare college graduates to meet the needs of global businesses now and in the future. Design/methodology/approach This phenomenological single-case study reviews literature on the foundational principles of competency-based education (CBE) and comparatively analyzes the results of qualitative interviews to create a set of ten PCs linking employee and business success. Findings This study presents a theoretical competency-based curriculum model (competency-based learning, performance and behavior (CBLPB)) designed for online education programs to enable a twenty-first century workforce to succeed. The curriculum design model is tested as applied by the researchers in various courses taught at an online university. Research limitations/implications This is a conceptual model for testing in academic research settings in colleges and universities. Practical implications The study suggests that higher education business curriculum should be designed using a CBE model to develop graduates with the foundational PCs that employers need and desire in educated working professionals. Originality/value From the faculty perspective, the CBLPB curriculum design model can enhance the design and implementation of CBE in business programs.

ABSTRACT: Providing safe nonemergent care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging for NPs. This article, the first of a three-part series, will overview telehealth and telemedicine and provide a brief history of the two. The benefits, challenges, and temporary changes due to COVID-19 will also be addressed.