Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov

Concern over the quality of health care services in Bangladesh has led to loss of faith in public and private hospitals, low utilization of public health facilities, and increasing outflow of Bangladeshi patients to hospitals in neighbouring countries. Under the circumstances, assessment of the country's quality of health care service has become imperative, in which the patient's voice must begin to play a greater role. This study attempts to identify the determinants of patient satisfaction with public, private and foreign hospitals. A survey was conducted involving inpatients in public and private hospitals in Dhaka City and patients who have experienced hospital services in a foreign country. Their views were obtained through exit polls using probability and non-probability (for foreign hospital patients) sampling procedures. Regression models were derived to identify key factors influencing patient satisfaction in the different types of hospitals. Doctors' service orientation, a composite of 13 measures, is the most important factor explaining patient satisfaction. Policy implications are discussed.

The investigations of the nonlinear optical parameters of Au, Ag, Pt and Cu colloidal solutions using the Z-scan method and third-harmonic generation (THG) are presented. The nonlinear refractive indices, nonlinear absorption coefficients and Kerr-induced nonlinear susceptibilities (χ(3)(-ω;ω,-ω,ω)) of these solutions on the wavelengths of picosecond and nanosecond Nd:YAG laser radiation (λ = 1064 nm) and its second harmonic (λ = 532 nm) have been measured. A tenfold increase of nonlinear susceptibilities on the wavelength of 532 nm in comparison with λ = 1064 nm is shown for these colloidal metals. The application of colloidal metals as optical limiters of picosecond and nanosecond radiation (λ = 1064 nm and 532 nm) was studied. The influence of aggregation of colloidal clusters on optical limiting in these media was considered. It was shown that the appearance of the long-wave wing of absorption at the final stages of aggregation led to the nonlinear absorption of picosecond pulses. The investigations of the THG of picosecond Nd:YAG laser radiation in colloidal metals (Pt and Cu) are presented. THG efficiency was found to be 7×10-7 for colloidal platinum. Nonlinear susceptibilities χ(3)(-3ω;ω,ω,ω) of colloidal platinum and copper were measured to be (1.5±0.75)×10-14 esu and (1±0.5)×10-14 esu, respectively.

In this article the importance of ecological legal education and its aim, forms, also principles in formation the ecological legal consciousness and culture of the youth today are grounded from the point of view of philosophy

Abstract In this study, we observe that, in the presence of the string cloud parameter a and the quintessence parameter γ , with the equation of state parameter , the radius of the shadow of the Schwarzschild black hole increases as compared with that in the pure Schwarzschild black hole case. The existence of both quintessential dark energy and the cloud of strings increases the shadow size; hence, the strength of the gravitational field around the Schwarzschild black hole increases. Using the data collected by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration for M87* and Sgr A*, we obtain upper bounds on the values of a and γ . Further, we see the effects of a and γ on the rate of emission energy for the Schwarzschild black hole. We notice that the rate of emission energy is higher in the presence of clouds of strings and quintessence. Moreover, we study the weak deflection angle using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. We show the influence of a and γ on the weak deflection angle. We notice that both a and γ increase the deflection angle α .

An experimental study of high-order harmonic generation in In, InSb, InP, and InGaP plasmas using femtosecond laser radiation with variable chirp is presented. Intensity enhancement of the 13th and 21st harmonics compared to the neighboring harmonics by a factor of 200 and 10, respectively, is observed. It is shown that the harmonic spectrum from indium-containing plasma plumes can be considerably modified by controlling the chirp of the driving laser pulse.

Revision of the self-report instrument, What Being the Parent of a New Baby Is Like (WPL), is reported. The WPL, developed to examine parents' perceptions of themselves as parents and of the parenting experience with young infants, was revised by improving its two subscales, Success (renamed Evaluation) and Centrality, and adding a third subscale, Life Change. With a sample of mothers of healthy infants, all three subscales of the revised instrument, WPL-R, had acceptable levels of internal consistency at 7, 30, and 90 days postpartum, and stability across administrations. Parity differences were demonstrated for all three subscales at 7 days and for Centrality at 30 days. Factor analysis identified item clusters consistent with the three subscales. With improved subscales affording a more comprehensive assessment of maternal experience, the WPL-R is a better instrument for evaluation of maternal adaptation than the WPL.

The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.

The results of enhanced high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in laser-produced plasmas using a two-color laser pump (98% of 800 nm and 2% of 400 nm) are presented. Even (up to the 38th order) and odd (up to the 45th order) harmonics of 800 nm radiation were generated in the case of a two-color orthogonal polarization pump of various plasmas. The comparison between HHGs using parallel and orthogonally polarized 400 and 800 nm radiations showed better conversion efficiency for the latter case. We have also used circularly polarized 800 nm pump for second-harmonic generation and HHG. We also present the results of the influence of the chirp and phase modulation of the fundamental radiation in laser plasma on the spectral properties of odd and even harmonics.

We propose a reaction-diffusion model for simulation of the process of aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. The model is based on FitzHugh-Nagumo-type equations for cyclic adenosine 3\ensuremath{'}-monophosphate waves and a continuity equation for amoebae motion. We simulate the process of aggregation induced by a periodic point source and by spiral wave. We show that the aggregation pattern is formed as a result of front instabilities due to dependence of wave velocity on density of amoebae. This instability can also result in formation of wave breaks and generation of spiral waves.

We study the boundedness problem for maximal operators $ \mathcal{M} $ associated with averages along smooth hypersurfaces S of finite type in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. For p > 2, we prove that if no affine tangent plane to S passes through the origin and S is analytic, then the associated maximal operator is bounded on $ {L^p}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^3}} \right) $ if and only if p > h(S), where h(S) denotes the so-called height of the surface S (defined in terms of certain Newton diagrams). For non-analytic S we obtain the same statement with the exception of the exponent p = h(S). Our notion of height h(S) is closely related to A. N. Varchenko’s notion of height h(ϕ) for functions ϕ such that S can be locally represented as the graph of ϕ after a rotation of coordinates. Several consequences of this result are discussed. In particular we verify a conjecture by E. M. Stein and its generalization by A. Iosevich and E. Sawyer on the connection between the decay rate of the Fourier transform of the surface measure on S and the Lp-boundedness of the associated maximal operator $ \mathcal{M} $, and a conjecture by Iosevich and Sawyer which relates the Lp-boundedness of $ \mathcal{M} $ to an integrability condition on S for the distance to tangential hyperplanes, in dimension 3. In particular, we also give essentially sharp uniform estimates for the Fourier transform of the surface measure on S, thus extending a result by V. N. Karpushkin from the analytic to the smooth setting and implicitly verifying a conjecture by V. I. Arnold in our context. As an immediate application of this, we obtain an $ {L^p}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^3}} \right) - {L^2}(S) $ Fourier restriction theorem for S.

Most models of negative workplace behaviors (NWB) are individual in nature, focusing on individual attitudes (e.g., satisfaction) and general workplace perceptions (e.g., procedural justice) that motivate NWB. Less commonly considered are explorations of relationally based negative workplace behaviors-how NWB from Party A is related to reciprocation of NWB from Party B. Based on 2 competing conceptualizations in the literature, that behavior is reciprocated "in-kind" in an eye for an eye exchange or that behavior tends to escalate or spiral over time, we develop a framework for negative reciprocity that considers NWB in terms of severity, activity, and target. This framework addresses (a) whether Party A's NWB is associated with behavior of a similar or greater level (i.e., activity and severity) from Party B; and (b) whether Party B's reciprocating behavior is directed back at Party A (i.e., direct) or transferred onto others (i.e., displaced). We meta-analytically test these relationships with 246 independent samples (N = 96,930) and find strongest support for relationships indicating that NWB from Party A is largely returned in-kind, followed closely by relationships indicative of escalation. We also found that as the frequency of Party A's NWB increases, so too does the frequency of reciprocity behavior of equal levels. Surprisingly, differences related to the target of the behavior as well as differences based on whether the data were cross-sectional or longitudinal were generally negligible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The biocontrol activity of various fluorescent pseudomonads towards plant-pathogenic fungi is dependent upon the GacA/GacS-type two-component system of global regulators and the RpoS transcription sigma factor. In particular, these components are required for the production of antifungal antibiotics and exoenzymes. To investigate the effects of these global regulators on the expression of biocontrol factors by plant-associated bacteria other than Pseudomonas spp., gacA/gacS and rpoS homologues were cloned from biocontrol strain IC1270 of Serratia plymuthica, which produces a set of antifungal compounds, including chitinolytic enzymes and the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin. The nucleotide and deduced protein sequence alignments of the cloned gacA/gacS-like genes-tentatively designated grrA (global response regulation activator) and grrS (global response regulation sensor) and of the cloned rpoS gene revealed 64 to 93% identity with matching genes and proteins of the enteric bacteria Escherichia coli, Pectobacterium carotovora subsp. carotovora, and Serratia marcescens. grrA, grrS, and rpoS gene replacement mutants of strain IC1270 were deficient in the production of pyrrolnitrin, an exoprotease, and N-acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal molecules. However, neither mutant appeared to differ from the parental strain in the production of siderophores, and only grrA and grrS mutants were deficient in the production of a 58-kDa endochitinase, representing the involvement of other sigma factors in the regulation of strain IC1270's chitinolytic activity. Compared to the parental strain, the grrA, grrS, and rpoS mutants were markedly less capable of suppressing Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum under greenhouse conditions, indicating the dependence of strain IC1270's biocontrol property on the GrrA/GrrS and RpoS global regulators.

Fig. 2 Temperature 3-D profile. Received 28 October 2008; revision received 11March 2009; accepted for publication 13 March 2009. Copyright © 2009 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. Copies of this paper may be made for personal or internal use, on condition that the copier pay the $10.00 per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,MA 01923; include the code 0887-8722/09 $10.00 in correspondence with the CCC. ∗Laboratoire Meca-Surf. Post Office Box 3900. Data available at http://derive-europe.com. JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER Vol. 23, No. 3, July–September 2009

It is known that artificial intelligence algorithms are based on calculations performed using various mathematical operations. In order for these calculation processes to be carried out correctly, some types of data cannot be fed directly into the algorithms. In other words, numerical data should be input to these algorithms, but not all data in datasets collected for artificial intelligence algorithms are always numerical. These data may not be quantitative but may be important for the study under consideration. That is, these data cannot be thrown away. In such a case, it is necessary to transfer categorical data to numeric type. In this research work, 14 encoding methods of transforming of categorical data were considered. At the same time, conclusions are given about the general conditions of using these methods. During the research, categorical data in the dataset that were collected in order to assess whether it is possible to give credit to customers will be transformed based on 14 methods. After applying each encoding method, experimental tests are conducted based on the classification algorithm, and they are evaluated. At the end of the study, the results of the experimental tests are discussed and research conclusions are presented.

This review article provides useful information on TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts and their derivatives in removing organic contaminants such as dyes, hydrocarbons, pesticides, etc. Also, the reaction mechanisms of TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts and their derivatives were investigated. In addition, the impact of adding metallic (e.g., Ag, Co, Pt, Pd, Cu, Au, and Ni) and non-metallic (e.g., C, N, O, and S) cocatalysts to their structure on the photodegradation efficiency of organic compounds was thoroughly studied. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis procedures of ZnO and TiO2 nanocatalysts were discussed and compared. Furthermore, the impact of photocatalyst dosage, photocatalyst structure, contaminant concentration, pH, light intensity and wavelength, temperature, and reaction time on the photodegradation efficiency were studied. According to previous studies, adding metallic and non-metallic cocatalysts to the TiO2 and ZnO structure led to a remarkable enhancement in their stability and reusability. In addition, metallic and non-metallic cocatalysts attached to TiO2 and ZnO demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic efficiency in removing organic contaminants.

BACKGROUND: To inform health care and training, resource and research priorities, it is essential to establish how non-communicable disease risk factors vary by HIV-status in high HIV burden areas; and whether long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART) plays a modifying role. METHODS: As part of a cohort initiation, we conducted a baseline HIV/cardiometabolic risk factor survey in 2010-2011 using an age-sex stratified random sample of ages 15+ in rural South Africa. We modelled cardiometabolic risk factors and their associations by HIV-status and self-reported ART status for ages 18+ using sex-stratified logistic regression models. RESULTS: Age-standardised HIV prevalence in women was 26% (95% CI 24-28%) and 19% (95% CI 17-21) in men. People with untreated HIV were less likely to have a high waist circumference in both women (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.52-0.86) and men (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22-0.82). Untreated women were more likely to have low HDL and LDL, and treated women high triglycerides. Cardiometabolic risk factors increased with age except low HDL. The prevalence of hypertension was high (40% in women; 30% in men). CONCLUSIONS: Sub-Saharan Africa is facing intersecting epidemics of HIV and hypertension. In this setting, around half the adult population require long-term care for at least one of HIV, hypertension or diabetes. Together with the adverse effects that HIV and its treatment have on lipids, this may have serious implications for the South African health care system. Monitoring of the interaction of HIV, ART use, and cardiometabolic disease is needed at both individual and population levels.

A finite-size quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate collapses if the attraction between atoms is sufficiently strong. Here we present a theory of collapse for condensates with the interatomic attraction and spin-orbit coupling. We consider two realizations of spin-orbit coupling: the axial Rashba coupling and the balanced, effectively one-dimensional Rashba-Dresselhaus one. In both cases spin-dependent ``anomalous'' velocity, proportional to the spin-orbit-coupling strength, plays a crucial role. For the Rashba coupling, this velocity forms a centrifugal component in the density flux opposite to that arising due to the attraction between particles and prevents the collapse at a sufficiently strong coupling. For the balanced Rashba-Dresselhaus coupling, the spin-dependent velocity can spatially split the initial state in one dimension and form spin-projected wave packets, reducing the total condensate density. Depending on the spin-orbit-coupling strength, interatomic attraction, and initial state, this splitting either prevents the collapse or modifies the collapse process. These results show that the collapse can be controlled by a spin-orbit coupling, thus extending the domain of existence of condensates of attracting atoms.

We performed a series of simulations of resonant high-order harmonic generation (HHG) by means of a multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) approach for three-dimensional fullerenelike systems. The results proved the theory of resonant recombination proposed in this article and showed the ways of resonant HHG optimization. The results of MCTDHF calculation of the HHG for ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ were in good qualitative agreement with reported experimental data.

Evidence of the interference between third- and fifth-order nonlinear optical processes is shown in the studies of pseudoisocyanine (PIC) dye aqueous solution using 529 nm radiation (t = 475 fs) and the Z -scan technique. The third-order nonlinear refractive index of the PIC solution was measured to be −8 × 10 −14 cm 2 W −1 .W e have shown th at PIC solution changes from being self-defocusing to self-focusing at high laser intensity that was attributed to the influence of fifth-order nonlinearity. The fifth-order nonlinear refractive index was measured to be 4 × 10 −24 cm 4 W −2 .T he bleaching properties of PIC solution were analysed, and the imaginary part of third-order nonlinear susceptibility was measured to be Im χ (3) =− 2 × 10 −12 esu.

We report a study of the enhancement of the intensity of the 27th-harmonic radiation produced during the high-order harmonic generation from the GaAs plasma by controlling the chirp of the fundamental Ti:sapphire laser radiation. The influence of Ga and As ions on the enhancement of the 27th-harmonic radiation is also studied.