Santa Anna IT Research Institute

Digital transformation rapidly changes how we live our lives in the post pandemic world. Unfortunately, digital technology is not limited to law abiding organisations and citizens. Criminal organisations and individuals are quick to identify new opportunities with new technologies, and digital transformation is dramatically changing the character of crimes, terror, and other threats. The fast emergence of new crimes is facilitated by possibilities brought by disruptive technologies such as AI, Internet of Things, drones, and cryptocurrencies that can be disastrous tools in the hands of criminals. Consequently, our society needs far better capacity to prevent and investigate criminal acts to protect organisations and citizens. This brings an urgent need to proactively reform digital forensics to significantly increase our capability to meet the strain on society brought by crimes evolving in the digital transformation era. The future of forensic science is already here, characterized by a mix of opportunities and challenges. It is essential to make it harder to effectively use digital technologies for criminal activities, while leveraging the possibilities of digital technologies by those affected, law enforcement agencies, business and organisations. As digital technologies continue to evolve, we need to stay up to date with the latest developments to effectively investigate and prosecute crimes in the digital age. There is an increased reliance on digital evidence, and the amount of heterogeneous digital evidence in criminal cases keep increasing. The forensic science techniques thus become more sophisticated and play an increasingly important role. However, the scientific area is extremely broad, and beyond the capability of most forensic science labs to keep up with the technology forefront development speed. Besides an urgent need to bring up the subject to the political arena, examples of how we can meet the challenges are discussed such as by extending our cooperation, encourage and facilitate cooperation for training and education to handle the extremely broad and rapid development, working out methods for explaining and visualising evidence for the treatment and legal values of digital evidence in prosecution, and cooperation between product developers and crime investigators for swift innovation of digital forensics tools and methodologies for quickly emerging threats. This paper will highlight specific examples where modern digital techniques are used to solve crimes in the physical world as well as crimes committed in the digital domain and discuss how "good AI" can be used to fight "evil AI" and finally touch on the sensitive balance between the increased power of the new digital forensic tools and private integrity.

This paper describes the design process and user evaluation of an outdoor educational mobile augmented reality application. The main goal was to enhance and augment the experience of a visit to a culturally significant place, the childhood home of the children's book author Astrid Lindgren. Visiting sites of historical significance is not limited to the cultural experience itself, but can be seen as an opportunity for learning and exploring a place as it is now and as it has been in past times. By investigating the two design dimensions place and time, our application was conceived as a treasure hunt, where users activate content by moving between places and pointing the mobile device in different directions or at different markers. The application was field tested with mixed groups of children and adults. The evaluation indicates that the prototype did encourage both learning and exploring, which also was the design objective.

Eye contact is believed to be an important factor in normal human communication and as a result of this a head mounted display (HMD) is often seen as something intrusive and limiting. This can be especially problematic when AR is used in a collaborative setting. The study presented in this paper aims to investigate the effects an HMD-based AR system can have on eye contact behaviour between participants in a collaborative task and thus, in extension, the effects of the HMD on collaboration itself. The focus of the study is on task-oriented collaboration between professionals. The participants worked through three different scenarios alternating between HMDs and regular paper maps with the purpose of managing the crisis response to a simulated major forest fire. Correlations between eye contact between participants and questionnaire items concerning team- and taskwork were analysed, indicating that, for the paper map condition, a high amount of eye contact is associated with low confidence and trust in the artefacts used (i.e. paper map and symbols). The amount of eye-contact in both conditions was very low. It was significantly higher for conditions without HMDs. However, the confidence and trust in the artefacts was generally rated significantly higher with HMDs than without. In conclusion, the decrease in eye contact with HMDs does not seem to have a direct effect on the collaboration in a professional, task-oriented context. This is contrary to popular assumptions and the results are relevant for future design choices for AR systems using HMDs.

We present results from using Random Indexing for Latent Semantic Analysis to handle Singular Value Decomposition tractability issues.We compare Latent Semantic Analysis, Random Indexing and Latent Semantic Analysis on Random Indexing reduced matrices.In this study we use a corpus comprising 1003 documents from the MEDLINE-corpus.Our results show that Latent Semantic Analysis on Random Indexing reduced matrices provide better results on Precision and Recall than Random Indexing only.Furthermore, computation time for Singular Value Decomposition on a Random Indexing reduced matrix is almost halved compared to Latent Semantic Analysis.

Good symptom control in palliative end-of-life home care requires adequate access to patients’ symptom assessments. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of an electronic symptom assessment reporting system to support symptom control. A randomised controlled study was performed during April 2008–December 2009. The intervention consisted of a networked digital-pen-based information system. The primary outcome measure chosen was the time span from the patient's reporting of a symptom to the care providers’ noticing this assessment. Patients with at least moderately severe symptoms were invited to participate in the study. Eighteen (11 intervention, seven control) patients from four home care centres participated, submitting a total of 330 symptom assessments. There was a significantly shorter median time span from reporting to noticing for assessments in the intervention group. The system used allowed both frequent and regular symptom reporting from patients that can contribute to more correct and prompt medical decisions in palliative end-of-life home care. Trial registration number: ISRCTN09750271.

Although previous studies have shown that errors occur in texts summarized by extraction based summarizers, no study has investigated how common different types of errors are and how that changes with degree of summarization.We have conducted studies of errors in extraction based single document summaries using 30 texts, summarized to 5 different degrees and tagged for errors by human judges.The results show that the most common errors are absent cohesion or context and various types of broken or missing anaphoric references.The amount of errors is dependent on the degree of summarization where some error types have a linear relation to the degree of summarization and others have U-shaped or cut-off linear relations.These results show that the degree of summarization has to be taken into account to minimize the amount of errors by extraction based summarizers.

Augmented Reality has potential to support collaboration in complex situations, such as command and control. Unfortunately there are few studies on how such systems should be designed to facilitate cooperation between actors from different organisations and at the same time support individual actors needs. This poster presents an iterative design process of an Augmented Reality system for a collaborative task.

An information system supporting pain assessment in palliative home healthcare was implemented at the hospital-based home care clinic of University Hospital in Linköping, Sweden. Using digital pens and pain diaries, pain assessments were sent from the patients' home to the professional caregiver. A total of 12 patients participated in the study. Patients, spouses and professional caregivers were interviewed. Qualitative content analyses were performed on the study material. All patients managed to use the pain assessment method, they experienced an improved contact with the caregivers and had a sense of increased security. After an initial cautious outlook the caregivers experienced positive outcomes for themselves and their patients. The medical records showed that the method had had impact on treatment. In conclusion, the home healthcare solution provided an effortless method for pain assessment with a high degree of user acceptance for palliative patients and had positive influences on the care.

Vector space models benefit from using an outside corpus to train the model.It is, however, unclear what constitutes a good training corpus.We have investigated the effect on summary quality when using various language resources to train a vector space based extraction summarizer.This is done by evaluating the performance of the summarizer utilizing vector spaces built from corpora from different genres, partitioned from the Swedish SUC-corpus.The corpora are also characterized using a variety of lexical measures commonly used in readability studies.The performance of the summarizer is measured by comparing automatically produced summaries to human created gold standard summaries using the ROUGE F-score.Our results show that the genre of the training corpus does not have a significant effect on summary quality.However, evaluating the variance in the F-score between the genres based on lexical measures as independent variables in a linear regression model, shows that vector spaces created from texts with high syntactic complexity, high word variation, short sentences and few long words produce better summaries.

Abstract. This paper concerns diffraction-tomographic reconstruction of an object characterized by its scattering potential. We establish a rigorous generalization of the Fourier diffraction theorem in arbitrary dimension, giving a precise relation in the Fourier domain between measurements of the scattered wave and reconstructions of the scattering potential. With this theorem at hand, Fourier coverages for different experimental setups are investigated taking into account parameters such as object orientation, direction of incidence, and frequency of illumination. Allowing for simultaneous and discontinuous variation of these parameters, a general filtered backpropagation formula is derived resulting in an explicit approximation of the scattering potential for a large class of experimental setups.

In order to counteract the digital divide and to enable the society to reach all its citizens with various kinds of e-services, there is a need to develop access methods and terminal technologies suited also for groups with weak access to the Internet, not the least elderly and people needing care in their homes. In this chapter, the authors will describe technologies for using digital pen and paper as data input media for e-services and computing applications, refer a number of applications together with studies and evaluations of their usability, and finally comment upon future prospects for integrating digital pen and paper as an effortless technique for data capture, especially in order to counteract and diminish the digital divide. The use of digital pen and paper technologies is exemplified with applications demonstrating its appropriateness in home care for elderly, for free-form recording of data on paper such as maps, and as a remote control for a TV set or other electronic appliances with rich functionality in the home.

We present results from an investigation on automatic synonym replacement for Swedish. Three different methods for choosing alternative synonyms were evaluated: (1) based on word frequency, (2) based on word length, and (3) based on level of synonymy. These three strategies were evaluated in terms of standardized readability metrics for Swedish, average word length, proportion of long words, and in relation to the ratio of errors in relation to replacements. The results show an improvement in readability for most strategies, but also show that erroneous substitutions are frequent.

To implement and evaluate a HF management tool for patients with chronic HF using digital pen and paper for improvement of patient self-management.

Abstract We prove that the $$L^2$$ L 2 distance between the minimizer of the $$\ell ^1$$ ℓ 1 -anisotropic Rudin-Osher-Fatemi (ROF) functional and its minimizer over the space of piecewise constant functions on a rectilinear grid is $$\mathcal {O}(h^{{1}/{2} - {q'}/{2q}})$$ O ( h 1 / 2 - q ′ / 2 q ) , where h is the grid’s mesh size and the datum belongs to $$L^q$$ L q , $$q \ge 2$$ q ≥ 2 . These convergence rates are valid in any dimension $$d\ge 1$$ d ≥ 1 . However, in dimension $$d = 1$$ d = 1 they can be further improved to $$\mathcal {O}(h^{{1}/{2} - {1}/{2q}})$$ O ( h 1 / 2 - 1 / 2 q ) . To establish the error bounds, $$L^q$$ L q estimates of the ROF minimizer in terms of the datum are critical. Such estimates are particular cases of a universal minimality property of the ROF minimizer derived in the second part of the paper. There it is shown, in both the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional settings, that the minimizer simultaneously minimizes a broad class of convex functionals over a neighbourhood of the datum arising in the convex dual of the ROF problem. This extends previous results of similar type about taut strings and the ROF problem.

In a telemonitoring (TM) context, applying the Rome Classification (RC), we assessed the frequency of hospital admissions, length of hospital stays and emergency room (ER) visits for 33 study subjects during one study year. In line with present knowledge and compared to the year prior to inclusion, TM significantly reduced the frequency of hospital admissions.

In order to counteract the digital divide and to enable the society to reach all its citizens with various kinds of e-services, there is a need to develop access methods and terminal technologies suited also for groups with weak access to the Internet, not the least elderly and people needing care in their homes. In this chapter, the authors will describe technologies for using digital pen and paper as data input media for e-services and computing applications, refer a number of applications together with studies and evaluations of their usability, and finally comment upon future prospects for integrating digital pen and paper as an effortless technique for data capture, especially in order to counteract and diminish the digital divide. The use of digital pen and paper technologies is exemplified with applications demonstrating its appropriateness in home care for elderly, for free-form recording of data on paper such as maps, and as a remote control for a TV set or other electronic appliances with rich functionality in the home.