Sebelas Maret University

Ammonia is considered to be a potential medium for hydrogen storage, facilitating CO2-free energy systems in the future. Its high volumetric hydrogen density, low storage pressure and stability for long-term storage are among the beneficial characteristics of ammonia for hydrogen storage. Furthermore, ammonia is also considered safe due to its high auto ignition temperature, low condensation pressure and lower gas density than air. Ammonia can be produced from many different types of primary energy sources, including renewables, fossil fuels and surplus energy (especially surplus electricity from the grid). In the utilization site, the energy from ammonia can be harvested directly as fuel or initially decomposed to hydrogen for many options of hydrogen utilization. This review describes several potential technologies, in current conditions and in the future, for ammonia production, storage and utilization. Ammonia production includes the currently adopted Haber–Bosch, electrochemical and thermochemical cycle processes. Furthermore, in this study, the utilization of ammonia is focused mainly on the possible direct utilization of ammonia due to its higher total energy efficiency, covering the internal combustion engine, combustion for gas turbines and the direct ammonia fuel cell. Ammonia decomposition is also described, in order to give a glance at its progress and problems. Finally, challenges and recommendations are also given toward the further development of the utilization of ammonia for hydrogen storage.

Abstract This study aims to review research the progress on factors that affect the 3D printing results of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The review is carried out by mapping critical parameters and characteristics determining FDM parameters, the effects of each parameter, and their interaction with other parameters. The study started from the filament manufacturing process, filament material types, and printing parameters of FDM techniques. The difference in each section has determined different parameters, and the respective relationships between parameters and other determinants during printing have a significant effect on printing results. This study also identifies several vital areas of previous and future research to optimize and characterize the critical parameters of the FDM printing process and FDM filament manufacturing.

This study aims to examine the effect of business strategies to improve the competitive advantages of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Further, our study considers the importance of performance and innovation as mediating variables in the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantage. The sample of the study consists of 150 SMEs in the construction and real estate industry. Our findings show that business strategies have a positive impact on competitive advantage. Better business strategies improve the competitive advantage of SMEs. Further, business performance and innovation also mediate the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantages. These results provide evidence of the importance of performance and innovation to improve the competitive advantage. It is suggested that SMEs improve their performance and innovation capability to strengthen their competitive advantages.

Magnetorheological (MR) materials are classified as smart materials due to their responsiveness to external magnetic stimuli. Intensive research on MR materials has led to broad applications in several potential fields. A solid carrier matrix state called MR elastomer with its exceptional magnetic responsive feature is obtained by merging magnetizable particles within an elastomeric polymer. This integration results in outstanding characteristics on the rheological performances. Special prominence is given to the understanding of the base materials and fabrication as well as the functional behavior through various characterization methods. Broad applications of MREs are also explored to provide a profound market picture and to motivate researchers to develop novel technology.

AbstrakIstilah Industri 4.0 lahir dari ide tentang revolusi industri keempat. Keberadaannya menawarkan banyak potensi manfaat. Guna mewujudkan Industri 4.0, diperlukan keterlibatan akademisi dalam bentuk riset. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menelaah aspek dan arah perkembangan riset terkait Industri 4.0. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi terhadap beragam definisi dan model kerangka Industri 4.0 serta pemetaan dan analisis terhadap sejumlah publikasi. Beberapa publikasi bertema Industri 4.0 dipilah menurut metode penelitian, aspek kajian dan bidang industri. Hasil studi menunjukkan Industri 4.0 memiliki empat belas aspek. Ditinjau dari metode penelitian, sebagian besar riset dilakukan melalui metode deskriptif dan konseptual. Ditinjau dari aspeknya, aspek bisnis dan teknologi menjadi fokus riset para peneliti. Ditinjau dari bidang industri penerapannya, sebagian besar riset dilakukan di bidang manufaktur. Ditinjau dari jumlahnya, riset terkait Industri 4.0 mengalami tren kenaikan yang signifikan. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberi gambaran mengenai apa itu Industri 4.0, perkembangan dan potensi riset yang ada di dalamnya. AbstractIndustry 4.0: Study of Aspects Classification and Future Research Direction. The term Industrial 4.0 refers to the idea about fourth industrial revolution. In order to realize Industry 4.0, academic involvement is required in the form of research. This article aims to define the aspects and future direction of research related to Industry 4.0. Literature review of various definition and concept models of Industry 4.0. was conducted to acquire the aspects. Mapping and analysis of several publications were conducted to determine the future direction of research. Publications were sorted according to research methods, aspects and type of industry. The result shows that Industry 4.0 has fourteen aspects. Based on research methods, most of the research is done through descriptive and conceptual methods. Business and technology aspects become the focus of the researchers and most of the research is done in manufacturing industry. Based on quantities, Industrial 4.0 research has experienced a significant upward trend. This article is expected to illustrate the concept, future development and research trend of Industry 4.0.Keywords: Industry 4.0; Literature Review; Research Trend

BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0-8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46-2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57-3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0-14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contributed 1·45 billion (1·31-1·61) global DALYs in 2010, increasing to 1·80 billion (1·63-2·03) in 2023, alongside a concurrent 4·1% (1·9-6·3) reduction in age-standardised rates. Based on DALY counts, the leading level 3 NCDs in 2023 were ischaemic heart disease (193 million [176-209] DALYs), stroke (157 million [141-172]), and diabetes (90·2 million [75·2-107]), with the largest increases in age-standardised rates since 2010 occurring for anxiety disorders (62·8% [34·0-107·5]), depressive disorders (26·3% [11·6-42·9]), and diabetes (14·9% [7·5-25·6]). Remarkable health gains were made for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, with DALYs falling from 874 million (837-917) in 2010 to 681 million (642-736) in 2023, and a 25·8% (22·6-28·7) reduction in age-standardised DALY rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DALYs due to CMNN diseases rose but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023. From 2010 to 2023, decreases in age-standardised rates for CMNN diseases were led by rate decreases of 49·1% (32·7-61·0) for diarrhoeal diseases, 42·9% (38·0-48·0) for HIV/AIDS, and 42·2% (23·6-56·6) for tuberculosis. Neonatal disorders and lower respiratory infections remained the leading level 3 CMNN causes globally in 2023, although both showed notable rate decreases from 2010, declining by 16·5% (10·6-22·0) and 24·8% (7·4-36·7), respectively. Injury-related age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 15·6% (10·7-19·8) over the same period. Differences in burden due to NCDs, CMNN diseases, and injuries persisted across age, sex, time, and location. Based on our risk analysis, nearly 50% (1·27 billion [1·18-1·38]) of the roughly 2·80 billion total global DALYs in 2023 were attributable to the 88 risk factors analysed in GBD. Globally, the five level 3 risk factors contributing the highest proportion of risk-attributable DALYs were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), smoking, and low birthweight and short gestation-with high SBP accounting for 8·4% (6·9-10·0) of total DALYs. Of the three overarching level 1 GBD risk factor categories-behavioural, metabolic, and environmental and occupational-risk-attributable DALYs rose between 2010 and 2023 only for metabolic risks, increasing by 30·7% (24·8-37·3); however, age-standardised DALY rates attributable to metabolic risks decreased by 6·7% (2·0-11·0) over the same period. For all but three of the 25 leading level 3 risk factors, age-standardised rates dropped between 2010 and 2023-eg, declining by 54·4% (38·7-65·3) for unsafe sanitation, 50·5% (33·3-63·1) for unsafe water source, and 45·2% (25·6-72·0) for no access to handwashing facility, and by 44·9% (37·3-53·5) for child growth failure. The three leading level 3 risk factors for which age-standardised attributable DALY rates rose were high BMI (10·5% [0·1 to 20·9]), drug use (8·4% [2·6 to 15·3]), and high FPG (6·2% [-2·7 to 15·6]; non-significant). INTERPRETATION: Our findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of global health challenges. Since 2010, there have been large decreases in burden due to CMNN diseases and many environmental and behavioural risk factors, juxtaposed with sizeable increases in DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors and NCDs in growing and ageing populations. This long-observed consequence of the global epidemiological transition was only temporarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The substantially decreasing CMNN disease burden, despite the 2008 global financial crisis and pandemic-related disruptions, is one of the greatest collective public health successes known. However, these achievements are at risk of being reversed due to major cuts to development assistance for health globally, the effects of which will hit low-income countries with high burden the hardest. Without sustained investment in evidence-based interventions and policies, progress could stall or reverse, leading to widespread human costs and geopolitical instability. Moreover, the rising NCD burden necessitates intensified efforts to mitigate exposure to leading risk factors-eg, air pollution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG-including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet this can be only part of the solution. Our response to the NCD syndemic-the complex interaction of multiple health risks, social determinants, and systemic challenges-will define the future landscape of global health. To ensure human wellbeing, economic stability, and social equity, global action to sustain and advance health gains must prioritise reducing disparities by addressing socioeconomic and demographic determinants, ensuring equitable health-care access, tackling malnutrition, strengthening health systems, and improving vaccination coverage. We live in times of great opportunity. FUNDING: Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Learning online and working from home for educators is a change that must be made by lecturers to continue teaching students. Distance education has the aim of improving the quality of education and the relevance of education as well as increasing the equitable access and expansion of education. Distance Education that is carried out with good quality assurance and in accordance with the needs of stakeholders is one mechanism for expanding access to quality higher education that is expected.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: Systematic review using a database: Google Scholar. Search results that fulfill the criteria are then analyzed by article.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Online learning has several impacts on students, namely (1) Online Learning Still Confuses Students (2) Students become passive, less creative and productive, (3) The accumulation of information / concepts on students is less useful, (4) Students Experiencing Stress, (5) Improvement of Student Language Literacy Ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: At present, the spread of Covid-19 still shows an upward trend so that education practitioners and stakeholders can continue to survive and innovate in implementing learning. This is because good learning is able to invite students' interest and attention.</p><p> </p>

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV2 recently became a pandemic worldwide, such as in Indonesia. Social distancing is one of the recommended mitigations to reduce the risk of disasters, such as morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19. Community compliance with social distancing is a part of the pandemic control.Aims: This study identified knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic among Indonesian community.Methods: This descriptive study applied a cross-sectional design and distributed closed questions with online questionnaire randomly to 34 provinces in Indonesia on social media networks and e-mail. This study successfully collected 1,102 respondents from 29 provinces in Indonesia. The data were analyzed descriptively by calculating frequency, percentage, and cross-tabulation.Results: This study had successfully identified 99%, 59%, and 93% of respondents with good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good behavior respectively towards social distancing..Among the respondents who had good knowledge showed positive attitudes (58.85%) and good behavior (93.3%). The respondents who had positive attitudes showed good behavior (96.7%).behaviorConclusion: Indonesian community had good knowledge, attitude and behavior towards social distancing as a way to prevent the virus transmission. This strongly supports disaster mitigation in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Keywords: attitudes, behavior, COVID-19, knowledge, social distancing.

The dynamics of social, national and state life continue to develop along with the development of phenomena, science, and technology. Nowadays, national problems continue to appear in the form of various phenomena that can be said to be actual, but clichéd. In the world of education, recently, for example, several viral news have appeared in the mass media and social media about problems that can be said to be clichés, namely intolerance. News or news about the issue of intolerance, for example, is a recorded conversation between the Principal of SMKN 2 Padang and a student's parents regarding the issue of uniforms for students to wear headscarves even though they are not Muslim. It can be said that this problem is not a new problem, because a few years ago there was also a problem that was essentially the same, only in a different context, namely the prohibition of the use of the hijab in several schools in the province of Bali. Then several other problems also emerged, such as the news about the case of a teacher at SMAN 58 Ciracas, East Jakarta who intervened in the election of the OSIS chairman, as well as what happened at SMAN 6 Depok which had gone viral on social media regarding the same issue, namely the problem of selecting the OSIS chairman. All of these problems are about intolerance. However, there are not a few other problems that occur in the world of primary and secondary education such as problems of radicalism and bullying. These problems are considered as a violation of the values of Pancasila. Therefore, the Ministry of Education and Culture continues to strive to prepare and implement appropriate policies to overcome these various problems. One of the efforts made is by initiating the "Profil Pelajar Pancasila", an ideal profile of Indonesian students, of course according to Pancasila. The purpose of this study is to find out more about the "Profil Pelajar Pancasila", and what its implications are for students' personal resilience. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. The results of the study indicate that the profile referred to in the "Profil Pelajar Pancasila are noble, independent, critical reasoning, creative, mutual cooperation and global diversity. The Ministry of Education and Culture in the idea of a student profile has conveyed what are the indicators of the "Profil Pelajar Pancasila". This profile is an indicator used to measure how the criteria for Indonesian students are in accordance with Pancasila, which was initiated by the Ministry of Education and Culture's Character Strengthening Center. In his study of the "Profil Pelajar Pancasila" which contains characters that refer to Pancasila, it has implications for students' personal resilience, where the Pancasila Student Profile directs students to become individuals with character in accordance with Pancasila which is summarized in a "Profil Pelajar Pancasila".

Samin is an Indonesian tribe at Mount Kendeng, exactly in the cities of Blora and Bojonegoro. Samin people reject school, fez, polygamy, long trousers, and trade. Although they look like out of date, they have 7 good characters i.e discipline, honesty, responsibility, cooperation, tolerance, social care, and environmental care. This research aimed at investigating the strategies for implementing local wisdombased character education among Indonesian higher education students by focusing on the values sated in Jamuskalimasada book of Samin Community. The data of this phenomenological research were collected by observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The findings demonstrated that teaching character education in the higher education based on local wisdom could be conducted by integrating values and aesthetics in the course, internalizing positive values to students, habituation and training, providing example and model, creating characterized-situation based on local wisdom, and civilizing. Value-based vision of study program or campus can be achieved through educational strategy formulation including value habituation, value role model, value internalization, value integration in learning, and cultural value. Teaching character education was related to both character actualization programmed in the lesson plan and good example provision in the classroom and daily campus activities.

This research aimed at examining the effectiveness of collaboration of Jigsaw and problem-based learning (PBL) model in developing students' critical thinking skills. This research exerted an experimental design using pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest. The implementation of such model collaboration was carried out in SMK Batik 1 Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia by engaging 37 accounting students of class XI. Before and after the implementation of the twomodel collaboration, the students were given the tests of critical thinking skills which were set in the same composition. The research data were in the form of pretest and posttest scores which were analyzed by examining t-test and gain score whose calculation was assisted by SPSS 23 program. The result indicated that there was a difference between the pretest score and the posttest score with the significance level of 0,000 < 0,05. The average of pretest and posttest scores respectively referred to 48,44 and 68,93. Accordingly, the implementation of collaboration of Jigsaw and problem-based learning (PBL) model was effective in developing students' critical thinking skills. From this research finding, there was an impediment of time limitation in enacting the collaboration of the two models. This constraint happened while presenting the result of group discussion.

BACKGROUND: Timely and comprehensive analyses of causes of death stratified by age, sex, and location are essential for shaping effective health policies aimed at reducing global mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides cause-specific mortality estimates measured in counts, rates, and years of life lost (YLLs). GBD 2023 aimed to enhance our understanding of the relationship between age and cause of death by quantifying the probability of dying before age 70 years (70q0) and the mean age at death by cause and sex. This study enables comparisons of the impact of causes of death over time, offering a deeper understanding of how these causes affect global populations. METHODS: GBD 2023 produced estimates for 292 causes of death disaggregated by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2023. We used a modelling tool developed for GBD, the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to estimate cause-specific death rates for most causes. We computed YLLs as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. Probability of death was calculated as the chance of dying from a given cause in a specific age period, for a specific population. Mean age at death was calculated by first assigning the midpoint age of each age group for every death, followed by computing the mean of all midpoint ages across all deaths attributed to a given cause. We used GBD death estimates to calculate the observed mean age at death and to model the expected mean age across causes, sexes, years, and locations. The expected mean age reflects the expected mean age at death for individuals within a population, based on global mortality rates and the population's age structure. Comparatively, the observed mean age represents the actual mean age at death, influenced by all factors unique to a location-specific population, including its age structure. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 250-draw distribution for each metric. Findings are reported as counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2023 include a correction for the misclassification of deaths due to COVID-19, updates to the method used to estimate COVID-19, and updates to the CODEm modelling framework. This analysis used 55 761 data sources, including vital registration and verbal autopsy data as well as data from surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. For GBD 2023, there were 312 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 3 country-years of surveillance data, 51 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 144 country-years of other data types that were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS: The initial years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused shifts in long-standing rankings of the leading causes of global deaths: it ranked as the number one age-standardised cause of death at Level 3 of the GBD cause classification hierarchy in 2021. By 2023, COVID-19 dropped to the 20th place among the leading global causes, returning the rankings of the leading two causes to those typical across the time series (ie, ischaemic heart disease and stroke). While ischaemic heart disease and stroke persist as leading causes of death, there has been progress in reducing their age-standardised mortality rates globally. Four other leading causes have also shown large declines in global age-standardised mortality rates across the study period: diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, stomach cancer, and measles. Other causes of death showed disparate patterns between sexes, notably for deaths from conflict and terrorism in some locations. A large reduction in age-standardised rates of YLLs occurred for neonatal disorders. Despite this, neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of global YLLs over the period studied, except in 2021, when COVID-19 was temporarily the leading cause. Compared to 1990, there has been a considerable reduction in total YLLs in many vaccine-preventable diseases, most notably diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles. In addition, this study quantified the mean age at death for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and found noticeable variation by sex and location. The global all-cause mean age at death increased from 46·8 years (95% UI 46·6-47·0) in 1990 to 63·4 years (63·1-63·7) in 2023. For males, mean age increased from 45·4 years (45·1-45·7) to 61·2 years (60·7-61·6), and for females it increased from 48·5 years (48·1-48·8) to 65·9 years (65·5-66·3), from 1990 to 2023. The highest all-cause mean age at death in 2023 was found in the high-income super-region, where the mean age for females reached 80·9 years (80·9-81·0) and for males 74·8 years (74·8-74·9). By comparison, the lowest all-cause mean age at death occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where it was 38·0 years (37·5-38·4) for females and 35·6 years (35·2-35·9) for males in 2023. Lastly, our study found that all-cause 70q0 decreased across each GBD super-region and region from 2000 to 2023, although with large variability between them. For females, we found that 70q0 notably increased from drug use disorders and conflict and terrorism. Leading causes that increased 70q0 for males also included drug use disorders, as well as diabetes. In sub-Saharan Africa, there was an increase in 70q0 for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Additionally, the mean age at death from NCDs was lower than the expected mean age at death for this super-region. By comparison, there was an increase in 70q0 for drug use disorders in the high-income super-region, which also had an observed mean age at death lower than the expected value. INTERPRETATION: We examined global mortality patterns over the past three decades, highlighting-with enhanced estimation methods-the impacts of major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to broader trends such as increasing NCDs in low-income regions that reflect ongoing shifts in the global epidemiological transition. This study also delves into premature mortality patterns, exploring the interplay between age and causes of death and deepening our understanding of where targeted resources could be applied to further reduce preventable sources of mortality. We provide essential insights into global and regional health disparities, identifying locations in need of targeted interventions to address both communicable and non-communicable diseases. There is an ever-present need for strengthened health-care systems that are resilient to future pandemics and the shifting burden of disease, particularly among ageing populations in regions with high mortality rates. Robust estimates of causes of death are increasingly essential to inform health priorities and guide efforts toward achieving global health equity. The need for global collaboration to reduce preventable mortality is more important than ever, as shifting burdens of disease are affecting all nations, albeit at different paces and scales. FUNDING: Gates Foundation.

This study examined the under-researched relationship between informal digital learning of English (IDLE) activities (receptive IDLE activities and productive IDLE activities), affective variables (grit, motivation, self-confidence and second language speaking anxiety) and willingness to communicate in a second language. Data (N = 183) were collected through a questionnaire from one state university in an English-as-a-foreign-language Indonesian context. The results showed that students’ willingness to communicate correlated significantly with all of the IDLE activities and affective variables. However, only productive IDLE activities, grit, self-confidence, and motivation were identified as the significant predictors of students’ willingness to communicate. Findings suggest that students’ IDLE engagement and affective states play a significant role in a second language communication. In particular, pedagogical benefits of affective variables (e.g., grit, self-confidence, and motivation) and productive IDLE activities should be emphasised to facilitate students’ willingness to communicate in a second language. These results will broaden current knowledge of IDLE and second language communication behaviour, which can contribute to bridging the interdisciplinary gap between computer assisted language learning, second language acquisition, and psychology.

Nanotechnology has gained popularity in recent years owing to its established potential for application and implementation in various sectors such as medical drugs, medicine, catalysis, energy, material, and plant science. Nanoparticles (NPs) are smaller in size (1–100 nm) with a larger surface area and have many fruitful applications. The extraordinary functions of NPs are utilized in sustainable agriculture due to nano-enabled products, e.g., nano-insecticides, nano-pesticides, and nano-fertilizers. Nanoparticles have lately been suggested as an alternate method for controlling plant pests such as insects, fungi, and weeds. Several NPs exhibit antimicrobial properties considered in food packaging processes; for example, Ag-NPs are commonly used for such purposes. Apart from their antimicrobial properties, NPs such as Si, Ag, Fe, Cu, Al, Zn, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, Al2O3, and carbon nanotubes have also been demonstrated to have negative impacts on plant growth and development. This review examines the field-use of nano-enabled products in sustainable agriculture, future perspectives, and growing environmental concerns. The remarkable information on commercialized nano-enabled products used in the agriculture and allied sectors are also provided.

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;According data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises in 2014, there are about 57.8 million actors of MSMEs in Indonesia. In 2017 and the next few years it is estimated that the number of MSME perpetrators will continue to grow. MSMEs have an important and strategic role in national economic development. In addition to its role in economic growth and employment, MSMEs also play a role in distributing development outcomes. So far, MSME has contributed 57,60% Gross Domestic Product (PBD) and employment rate about 97% of all national work force (MSME Business Profile by LPPI and BI 2015). SMEs have also been proven not affected by the crisis. When the crisis hit the period of 1997-1998, only MSMEs were able to remain strong. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that after the economic crisis of 1997-1998 the number of MSMEs has not decreased, it has been increasing, even absorbing 85 million to 107 million workers until 2012. In that year, the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia is 56,539,560 units. Of this amount, Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of 56,534,592 units or 99.99%. The rest, about 0.01% or 4,968 units is a major undertaking. Examples of MSME policies of Blora district government regarding the role of MSMEs in development, especially in Blora district itself. Government at the central, provincial, to district / municipal levels are required to improve the welfare of their citizens through various efforts and innovation. To be able to achieve these goals, there are stages and processes that must be passed. So it takes seriousness with all related parties and inter-regional cooperation ties. Application of populist economy in order to realize the development and welfare of the community. The real form of the populist economy is in the form of support to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME), so that the production of MSMEs is not only marketed in the local market but also outside the region and growing. Moreover, if supported by the use of information technology, product marketing is no longer limited by time and place&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;MSME (Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise), Development, Community Welfare&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstrak&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berdasarkan data dari Kemenrian Koperasi dan UMKM pada tahun 2014, terdapat sekitar 57,8 juta pelaku UMKM di Indonesia pada tahun 2017 dan beberapa tahun kedepan diperkirakan bahwa jumlah pelaku UMKM akan terus bertambah. UMKM memiliki peran penting dan strategis dalam perkembangan ekonomi nasional. Sebagai tambahan dalam perannya dalam perkembangan ekonomi dan ketengakerjaan, UMKM juga berperan dalam perkembangan distribusi hasil. Sejauh ini, UMKM telah berkontribusi sebanyak 57,60% Produk Domestik Bruto (PBD) dan mempunyai tingkat penyerapan tenaga kerja sekitar 97% dari seluruh tenaga kerja nasional (Profil Bisnis UMKM oleh LPPI dan BI, 2015). UKM juga telah terbukti tidak terpengaruh oleh krisis. Ketika krisis yang melanda pada periode 1997-1998, hanya UMKM yang dapat kuat bertahan. Data dari Badan Pusat Statistik menunjukan bahwa setelah krisis ekonomi 1997-1998 jumlah UMKM tidak berkurang, UMKM bertambah, bahkan menyerap 85 juta hingga 107 juta pekerja hingga tahun 2012. Pada tahun itu, jumlah pengusaha di Indonesia sebanyak 56,539,560 unit. Dari jumlah ini, UMKM menduduki jumlah 56,534,592 unit atau sebanyak 99,99%, selebihnya sekitar 0,01% atau 4.968 unit adalah pengusaha besar. Contoh dari kebijakan UMKM di pemerintahan kabupaten Blora terkair dengan peran dari UMKM terhadap pembangunan, secara khususnya di Kabupaten Blora sendiri. Pemerintah pusat, provinsi hingga tingkat kabupaten/kotamadya diperlukan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui berbagai usaha dan inovasi. Untuk dapat mencapai tujuan tersebut, terdapat beberapa langkah dan proses yang harus dilewati. Sehingga dibutuhkan keseriusan seluruh pihak yang terkait dan ikatan kerjasama antar daerah. Aplikasi populisme ekonomi dalam upaya untuk merealisasikan pembangunan dan kesejahteraan dari masyarakat. Bentuk nyata dari populisme ekonomi adalah dalam bentuk dukungan kepada UMKM, sehingga produksi UMKM tidak hanya dipasarkan di pasar lokal namun juga merambah ke pasar yang lebih luas. Selain itu, jika didukung oleh penggunakan informasi teknologi, pemasaran produk tidak lagi terhambat oleh waktu dan tempat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kata Kunci: Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah Pembangunan, Kesejahteraan Masyarakat.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Tax avoidance di Indonesia masih banyak terjadi walaupun perusahaan&#13;\ntersebut merupakan perusahaan yang go public. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang&#13;\nberpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance adalah corporate governance. Penelitian ini&#13;\ndilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia&#13;\nperiode tahun penelitian 2012-2014. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan&#13;\nadalah metode purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 48 perusahaan&#13;\nselama periode penelitian 3 tahun berturut-turut sehingga total sampel adalah 144.&#13;\nJenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari&#13;\nwww.idx.co.id dan website resmi perusahaan sampel.&#13;\nTax avoidance di proksikan dengan BTG (Book Tax Gap), sedangkan&#13;\ncorporate governance diproksikan dengan kepemilikan institusional, prosentase&#13;\ndewan komisaris independen, dewan komisaris, kualitas audit, dan komite audit.&#13;\nBerdasarkan hasil pengolahan data statistik menggunakan Eviews7 dengan&#13;\nmetode regresi berganda diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh&#13;\nterhadap tax avoidance adalah kepemilikan institusional, prosentase dewan&#13;\nkomisaris independen, kualitas audit, dan komite audit.

The world's energy consumption shows an increasing trend. Unfortunately, it is still dominated by the use of fossil energy. This condition results in concerns that an energy crisis will occur due to running out of non-renewable energy and an environmental crisis of global warming. One of the technology sectors that consumes a lot of energy is computer servers and data centers. This technology sector is growing rapidly due to the increasingly complex computing and larger data. One of the main causes of inefficiency in this technology is a decrease in performance due to an increase in temperature. Therefore, effective and efficient technology is needed to overcome the increasing operating temperature of computer servers and data centers. One of the most prominent cooling technologies to solve this problem is immersion colling. This method has developed in various types with their respective advantages and disadvantages according to application needs. Therefore, review literature is needed to comprehensively discuss the development of immersion cooling technology from the past until now and projected developments in the future. In more detail, this paper comprehensively compiles the latest findings of immersion cooling technology which includes an overview of the cooling system, history, implementation, construction type, and advantages.

This study aimed to describe the development of augmented reality-based interactive multimedia to improve the critical thinking skills of elementary school teacher education students in learning earth structure and fisheries material science. This type of research was research and development by Sukmadinata consisting of preliminary studies, model development, and model testing. The research subjects were elementary school teacher education students at Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia. The technique of collecting data used tests, questionnaires, and observations. The collected data was then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data analysis used the interactive models of Miles and Huberman and quantitative data analysis using a paired sample t-test. The results of the study show that the development of media products determines indicators of learning, programming, display, and curriculum. The main field test obtained value = 0.002< 0.05, it can be decided that H0 rejected. Students think critically using augmented reality-based interactive multimedia better than before using it. At present, it is obtained interactive multimedia based on augmented reality that is feasible to use in accordance with the views of experts and users.

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold> : The unpredictability of the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attributed to the low precision of the tools used to predict the prognosis of this disease. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Objective</ns4:bold> : To identify the predictors associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold> : Relevant articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched as of April 5, 2020. The quality of the included papers was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Data of interest were collected and evaluated for their compatibility for the meta-analysis. Cumulative calculations to determine the correlation and effect estimates were performed using the Z test. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results</ns4:bold> : In total, 19 papers recording 1,934 mild and 1,644 severe cases of COVID-19 were included. Based on the initial evaluation, 62 potential risk factors were identified for the meta-analysis. Several comorbidities, including chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were observed more frequent among patients with severe COVID-19 than with the mild ones. Compared to the mild form, severe COVID-19 was associated with symptoms such as dyspnea, anorexia, fatigue, increased respiratory rate, and high systolic blood pressure. Lower levels of lymphocytes and hemoglobin; elevated levels of leukocytes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-sensitivity troponin, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin; and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also associated with severe COVID-19. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusion</ns4:bold> : More than 30 risk factors are associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. These may serve as useful baseline parameters in the development of prediction tools for COVID-19 prognosis. </ns4:p>