State University of Makassar

This study was to explore factors predicting the use of e-learning during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) among sport science education students In Indonesia Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The study was conducted through survey with 974 participating students from five Indonesian HEIs. An extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with facilitating condition as the external factor was implemented to be the theoretical framework of this study. An analysis method through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to measure and assess the proposed model. The findings informed that: (1) the TAM-based proposed scale has been successfully explained factors predicting the use of e-learning among Indonesian sport science students during the pandemic; (2) the finding of significant relationships between facilitating condition and perceived ease of use and between facilitating condition and perceived usefulness was reported; and (3) the significant relationships among core components of TAM were found except for one, relationship between perceived usefulness and attitude.

intensity ratio of the GO sample was 0.89 with a 2D single layer, and SEM results showed that surface morphology with an abundance of granular particles were found with different size distribution. The UV-visible results showed sufficient optical properties characterized by the spectrum, which formed because of the light absorption of the energy passed on the sample. The bandgap energy value of the sample obtained by the Tauc plot method was 4.38 eV, which indicates semiconductor properties.

This research aim to know result of engineering learning achievement of student of Elektronic technical Department, that taught by using audio-visual aid (media), and result of student learning taught by using conventional method. Research subject is student of Elektronic technical Department which programming Computer network study subject in school year 2008/2009, that divided into experiment group and control group. Every group consisted of 17 mans and 16 mans, that fixed randomly. Experiment group that taught by using audio-visual aid, whereas control group that taught by using conventional method. Student achievement in Computer network  engineering was evaluated by using cognitive summative test. Based on descriptive analysis indicates that result of student computer network engineering learning that taught by using audio-visual aid to stay at very high category, while student that taught with conventional approach resided at high category. Result of research indicates that there are difference significantly result of computer network engineering learning between students taught by using media audio-visual compared to student taught by using conventional method at Elektronic technical Department, where result of student learning taught by using audio-visual media ( 16,25) is higher than result of student learning taught by using conventional method ( 9,25). Implication of this research finding is that the lecturers or teacher need to allow for applies technology-based media in teaching, as audio-visual aid (media), so that result of learning in an optimal fashion, especially for engineering area learning.

Activated carbon based on coconut shell has been successfully synthesized using three different chemical activators. The coconut shell was obtained from the highland with the freshwater environment and dried by solar thermal. The sample was carbonized at 600⁰C for 3 h and thoroughly activated using three chemical activating agents: NaOH, H3PO4, and ZnCl2. All samples were then characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Surface Area Analysis (SAA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) to identify their crystal structure, functional group, surface area, and morphology. The XRD result illustrates amorphous phase has been formed with carbon graphite as the highest content while hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) as the impurities. The FTIR characterization results show no significant change from the three kinds of activators. The presence of –OH, CO, and C-O functional groups indicates that the activated carbon has been successfully conducted. The SAA characterization gives the highest surface area value (516 m2g−1) obtained by the NaOH activator. The results of morphology identification show a similar pore structure for each sample with less impurity content for different pore distribution confirmed by EDX results. Additionally, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) measurement shows the activated carbon with an activating agent of NaOH after filtering the polluted water meets the standard requirements for drinking water. All of those results confirm that the activated carbon-based coconut shells can potentially be applied for water purification treatment.

The purpose of this study was to develop a scientific-based learning module on a valid ecological concept , practical and effective to the students of Senior High School. The development procedures of the research employed Thiagarajan Model or 4-D Model which consisted of four stages, namely defining, design, development, and dissemination. The data were collected through learning module validation process, students and teachers' responses questionnaire, learning implementation observation sheet, and learning result test. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis. The results of the research reveal that Biology learning module based on scientific approach is valid, practical, and effective. It is stated as valid because Biology learning module based on scientific approach which is developed had met validity criteria with "Valid" category. It is stated as practical because the learning implementation by using Biology learning module based on scientific approach had learning implementation in high category, and students and teachers positive responses on the module. It is stated as effective because it had fulfilled effectiveness namely the students' learning result test had met classical completeness criteria by 84.21%.

Reading is one of the language skills that must be mastered by every student, the ability to read becomes one of the mandatory components in the national education curriculum. However, assessment programs of various international institutions and the Ministry of Education & Culture show that students in Indonesia are still low in their reading ability, in this case reading comprehension skills. For this reason, through this literature study, the problems and solutions are examined based on various library sources. The results of the literature study show that there are different standards between the teaching of reading in education in Indonesia and the standards used by various international institutions in measuring students' reading skills. In addition there are various factors driving the low ability & reading culture of students in Indonesia, namely: 1) Reading has not become a necessity, let alone become a culture, 2) Misperception about the concept of reading ability in most societies including students and teachers, 3) Capacity building reading is still perceived as part of the responsibility of language courses only, 3) The learning process still does not utilize models, methods, learning strategies that are diverse and suitable for reading comprehension learning, 4) reading material, learning activities and practice / evaluation questions there are teaching materials in schools that tend to still dwell on low order thinking skills, 5) Not yet the maximum facilities and infrastructure of school libraries as a center for developing the ability and culture of reading students, and 6) Program of Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) has not shown the progress expected to build a reading culture.

Abstract Indonesia has a long history of aquaculture, dating from the 15th century. Subsequently, the country has become a significant contributor to global aquaculture production, destined for both international and domestic markets. In 2009 the Government of Indonesia announced its vision to see Indonesia become the highest (volume) producer of aquaculture products in the world by 2015, with production targets equivalent to an overall increase in production of 353% between 2009 and 2014. This paper comprises a PEEST (policy, economic, environmental, social, technical) review undertaken as a background study for a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis, the outcomes of the SWOT analysis and a discussion of possible approaches to support sustainable aquaculture development in Indonesia. To meet the vision of a dramatic expansion of aquaculture production, one or more of the following strategies is required: intensification and production segmentation, areal expansion, and/or production diversification. Most likely the continued development of aquaculture in Indonesia will be a combination of these three strategies, with the relative influence of each depending on production sector and market demands. A key issue identified in the PEEST review and SWOT analysis is the dominance (in terms of number) of Indonesian aquaculture by smallholder aquaculture farmers. We argue that a range of influences, including aquaculture production expansion and changing international market requirements, have the potential to negatively impact smallholder aquaculture farmers in Indonesia, and that further policy development should specifically address these issues.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of diabetes mellitus that attacks the retina of the eye. DR will cause patients to experience blindness slowly. Generally, DR can be detected by using a special instrument called an ophthalmoscope to view the inside of the eyeball. However, in conditions where there is a very small difference between the normal image and the DR image, computer-based assistance is needed for maximizing image reading value. In this research, a method of image quality improvement will be carried out which will then be integrated with a classification algorithm based on deep learning. The results of image improvement using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) shows that the average accuracy of the method on several models is very competitive, 91% for the VGG16 model, 95% for InceptionV3, and 97% for EfficientNet compared to the results original image which only has an accuracy of 87% for VGG16 model, 90% for InceptionV3 model, and 95% for EfficientNet. However, in ResNet34 better accuracy is obtained in the original image with an accuracy of 95% while in the CLAHE image the accuracy value is only 84%. The results of this comprehensive evaluation and recommendation of famous backbone networks can be useful in the computer-aided diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.

The study of the correlation between learning motivation and metacognitive skill on students’ cognitive learning outcome simultaneously in classes taught by different learning strategies is still lacking. A correlational research was conducted to investigate the contribution of learning motivation and metacognitive skill simultaneously on cognitive learning outcome of 142 students studying biology in classes experiencing different learning strategies at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Makassar, Indonesia. The learning motivation was measured by using motivation questionnaire adapted from Keller (1983), and metacognitive skill was measured integrated with cognitive test. The findings showed that contribution of learning motivation and metacognitive skills simultaneously on cognitive learning outcomes in PBL-RQA, PBL, RQA, and conventional learning strategies was very high. The contribution of metacognitive skills on cognitive learning outcome was much greater than the contribution of learning motivation. This finding research was contrary with the previous studies. Based on the facts related to metacognitive skills, learning should consider seriously the empowerment of metacognitive skills by implementing appropriate learning strategies. Further researches are needed to reveal the correlation between learning motivation on cognitive learning outcomes in different populations and measuring instruments. Key words: biology cognitive learning outcome, learning motivation, metacognitive skill, problem-based learning, problem-based learning-reading questioning and answering.

The Corona Pandemic has forced many organizations to limit human interactions by implementing what so-called Work-from-Home (WFH). This study aims to investigate the role of Authentic Leadership, Psychological Capital, and employees’ gender in predicting employees’ performance in a public organization in Indonesia during the implementation of WFH. Participants were recruited from a governmental institution under the Minister of Home Affairs in Indonesia. An online survey link was sent to 150 full-time employees via email or virtual groups. There were 116 usable responses included in the data analysis. The results supported the study hypotheses suggesting that employees’ perception of leaders’ authenticity could directly influence employees’ performance or indirectly via employees’ PsyCap. The effect of Authentic Leadership on PsyCap was significantly moderated by employees’ gender in which female respondents showed a positive and significant impact of Authentic Leadership on their PsyCap. Working from home could have a significant impact on how employees perceive supports from leaders. Drawing from the Gender Role theory and Work/Family Boundary theory, female employees are more likely than their male counterparts to experience resource loss due to work-family interference and demanding household chores when working from home. Discussion, limitations, and future research directions are included.

The purpose of this paper is to describe pre- and in-service science teacher education and science education research in Indonesia in an effort to better inform the international science education community about historical developments and present challenges. We begin by providing an historical overview of the general education system to provide readers with context needed to understand current reform initiatives. Next we describe the current-day process for preparing and certifying science teachers and we describe some of the challenges facing teachers, students, and researchers in Indonesia’s science education context today. We follow this discussion with an introduction to some existing professional organizations for teachers and researchers in Indonesia that are working to develop important channels for disseminating current research on teacher practice, curriculum innovation, and student learning that have the potential to positively influence on teaching and learning in the future. We conclude by highlighting some areas that would benefit from additional research and by inviting more international collaborative research initiatives with colleagues in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond.

This paper is a scientific idea that aims to give an idea of the importance of building the character of moral human resources, through the internalization of positive values in the implementation of education. This is one way to be able to overcome various issues, especially moral decadence among young people. The method used is literature review. In general, the values that need to be developed and internalized in the implementation of education in Indonesia, among others, religious, mutual cooperation, togetherness, humility, refinement, hospitality, tolerance, so that the unity and unity of the nation can be realized

Articles published in International journals have rich potentials of learning sources since their publication has been scholarly processed through the hands of journal editors. Readers can get a lot of benefits from them. One lesson we might get is the way the writers conducted their researches. Thus, we can learn the research methods from the models found in journal articles. This paper will elaborate the research methods used in the teaching of English as a foreign language (TEFL). The elaboration is formulated from the research methods used by journal article writers around the world. A number of international journal articles in TEFL are taken as the corpus of the study. Using a grounded theory, varieties of research methods in TEFL are investigated. Among of them are case study, quasi experiment, qualitative experiment, meta analysis, descriptive research, activity theory, error analysis, R & D, action research, research and development (R&D), and survey method. Due to the limited space, however, the paper will only describe four popular methods: descriptive research, case study, error analysis, and R & D. The description of each method is supported with examples found in international journal articles published around the world.

Land surface water bodies, an essential part of the Earth’s water cycle such as rivers, lakes, swamp, and reservoirs, influence the global ecosystem and climate global significantly. Makassar, one of the most populated cities in Indonesia, recently experiences massive development that affects the existence of vegetation area and urban aquatic ecosystem. This study attempts to detect the urban surface water bodies and to monitor the change by using Landsat OLI TIRS. In order to extract the high accuracy of data, the image data utilized in this study was acquired by Landsat 8 OLI TIRS sensor on 14 December 2000, 27 December 2009 and 06 January 2019 from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) portal analyzed by Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI). These methods are scientifically used to classify the data into two categories consisted of water and non-water objects. The result shows that in the last nine years, urban surface water bodies increased around 129.8 ha distributed mostly in Manggala area. Due to rapid urban development such as housing, makes the urban runoff concentrating in low land and creates giant swamp as well as an urban wetland. In coastal areas however decline of the water body due to dominantly by massive reclamation, housing and factory settlement. The increase of urban surface water bodies can lower the urban heat while massive development in the built-up area can worsen the urban heat.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of authentic leadership and psychological capital (PsyCap) on work engagement via job satisfaction by employing the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Design/methodology/approach Participants were 307 (52% male and 48% female) employees randomly recruited from a state-owned company in the eastern part of Indonesia. Most participants had completed an undergraduate degree with a mean age of 27.55 (SD = 7.89). The study employed a three-wave data collection technique to rule out any common method biases. Findings The results suggested that the theoretical model and empirical data showed a good fit (CMIN/DF = 2.19 and RMSEA = 0.06), indicating an indirect effect of authentic leadership and PsyCap on work engagement via job satisfaction. The effect of authentic leadership on work engagement was fully mediated by job satisfaction. In contrast, job satisfaction only partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and work engagement. Research limitations/implications First, this study did not explore any further consequences of gender equality. Second, although the data have been compared with some existing studies, this study did not collect cross-cultural data from different countries. Lastly, the data were collected from a state-owned enterprise, which may limit generalisation to other organisations. Originality/value This study offered a new perspective by examining the implications of the JD-R model in the eastern part of Indonesia, where organisation culture is predominantly influenced by Buginese values. Furthermore, the inclusion of job satisfaction into the model added new information regarding the importance of mediating variables in explaining the indirect effect of job and personal resources.

Classroom Action Research (CAR) is research by taking action by the teacher in his own class. This activity is carried out through self-reflection with the aim of improving performance as a teacher. This community service activity was carried out with Community Partnership Program (PKM) Partners at SMK Negeri 7 Pangkep. The problem faced by teachers at SMK Negeri 7 Pangkep is that they do not study learning problems that occur in class and teachers are not used to studying learning problems in class in the form of classroom action research. The method used is interactive lectures and discussions. The results achieved are that teachers can examine learning problems that occur in class and teachers can overcome learning problems in the form of classroom action research.

Politeness still becomes a major concern in English language teaching. It is considered as one way to maintain effective classroom interaction. Therefore, as one of the important actors in the class, teachers, and students need to practice politeness as a way to create effective classroom interaction. This study aims to explore the politeness strategies of English students at one of the universities in Makassar. The researcher applied a descriptive qualitative research method to explore the politeness phenomena in EFL classroom interaction. The participants of this research were two classes of English literature program consisting of 50 students. The primary sources of data were the individual student presentations which had been recorded. There were fifty transcriptions of the recording which lasted for five to seven minutes for each presentation. The transcriptions were analyzed and discussed based on the theory of politeness of Brown and Levinson (1987). The findings from this study revealed that English students used different kinds of expressions to encode their politeness in the class. Those expressions were in the forms of greetings, thanking, addressing terms, apologizing, and fillers. There were also some terms derived from students’ vernacular language which were used as a softening mechanism for their presentation. These expressions were categorized as positive and negative politeness. The findings of this study might be used as an input for teachers and students in an effort to create effective classroom interaction.

Mangroves are recognized as a provider of a variety of products and essential ecosystem services that contribute significantly to the livelihood of local communities. However, over the past decades, mangroves in many tropical areas including the Takalar district, South Sulawesi have degraded and decreased mainly due to conversion to aquaculture. Currently, little is known about the economic benefits of commercialization of aquaculture as compared to those derived from mangroves in the form of products and services. Here, we estimate the Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove benefits in order to compare it with the benefit value of commercial aquaculture. Market prices, replacement costs, benefit transfer value and Cost-Benefit Analyses (CBA) have been used for value determination and comparison. The results show that the per year TEV of mangroves in the study area (Takalar district, South Sulawesi) was in the range of 4370 thousands USD (kUSD) to 10,597 kUSD or 4 kUSD to 8 kUSD per hectare (the highest value contribution derived from the indirect use value (94%)), whereas commercial aquaculture had a net benefit value of 228 kUSD or 3 kUSD per hectare. In addition, the comparison of Net Present Value (NPV) between the benefit value of mangroves and that of commercial aquaculture revealed that conversion of mangroves into commercial aquaculture was not economically beneficial when the analysis was expanded to cover the costs of environmental and forest rehabilitation.

This study aims to explore the multicultural education paradigm embedded in the fundamental constitutions, laws, and social rules in the Indonesian contexts. Achieving this aim, this research applied a meta-analysis approach by extracting multicultural themes from essential documents that are available publicly. The keywords for meta-analysis of the documents are culture, multiculturalism, and education. The findings of the study identified that the multicultural education paradigms, such as unity in diversity, equality, cultural identity, and social justice, are the essential vital themes appear in this research. Since there is a scarce study on exploring the essence of multicultural education within the origin of the Indonesian communities, this study contributes to the promotion and debates of multicultural education nationally and internationally. This study recommends a further in-depth investigation of how educators, students, policy-makers, and communities perceive and implement multicultural values within their communities to achieve peaceful and harmonious lives. This study aims to explore the multicultural education paradigm embedded in the fundamental constitutions, laws, and social rules in the Indonesian contexts. Achieving this aim, this research applied a meta-analysis approach by extracting multicultural themes from essential documents that are available publicly. The keywords for meta-analysis of the documents are culture, multiculturalism, and education. The findings of the study identified that the multicultural education paradigms, such as unity in diversity, equality, cultural identity, and social justice, are the essential vital themes appear in this research. Since there is a scarce study on exploring the essence of multicultural education within the origin of the Indonesian communities, this study contributes to the promotion and debates of multicultural education nationally and internationally. This study recommends a further in-depth investigation of how educators, students, policy-makers, and communities perceive and implement multicultural values within their communities to achieve peaceful and harmonious lives.

This study investigates the effectiveness of the blended learning model in improving critical thinking and communication skills of students at university. This is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design involving one experimental group and one control group. The research population comprised students sitting in the Entrepreneurship class at the Department of Electronic Engineering Education, who were selected purposively. The data were about critical thinking skills that were gathered using a test, while the data about communication skills were obtained through observations. The data were analysed using a paired sample t-test and an independent sample t-test. The findings show that: (1) the implementation of the blended learning model effectively increases the critical thinking skills; (2) the use of the blended learning model effectively improves students’ communication skills and (3) according to the independent sample t-test, students’ critical thinking skills and communication skills in the experimental class had a significant difference from those in the control class. Keywords: Blended learning model, critical thinking skills, communication skills.