Sydney College of Divinity

Abstract For the developers of next‐generation education technology (EdTech), the use of Learning Analytics (LA) is a key competitive advantage as the use of some form of LA in EdTech is fast becoming ubiquitous. At its core LA involves the use of Artificial Intelligence and Analytics on the data generated by technology‐mediated learning to gain insights into how students learn, especially for large cohorts, which was unthinkable only a few decades ago. This LA growth‐spurt coincides with a growing global “Ethical AI” movement focussed on resolving questions of personal agency, freedoms, and privacy in relation to AI and Analytics. At this time, there is a significant lack of actionable information and supporting technologies, which would enable the goals of these two communities to be aligned. This paper describes a collaborative research project that seeks to overcome the technical and procedural challenges of running a data‐driven collaborative research project within an agreed set of privacy and ethics boundaries. The result is a reference architecture for ethical research collaboration and a framework, or roadmap, for privacy‐preserving analytics which will contribute to the goals of an ethical application of learning analytics methods. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Privacy Enhancing Technologies, including a range of provable privacy risk reduction techniques (differential privacy) are effective tools for managing data privacy, though currently only pragmatically available to well‐funded early adopters. Learning Analytics is a relatively young but evolving field of research, which is beginning to deliver tangible insights and value to the Education and EdTech industries. A small number of procedural frameworks have been developed in the past two decades to consider data privacy and other ethical aspects of Learning Analytics. What this paper adds This paper describes the mechanisms for integrating Learning Analytics, Data Privacy Technologies and Ethical practices into a unified operational framework for Ethical and Privacy‐Preserving Learning Analytics. It introduces a new standardised measurement of privacy risk as a key mechanism for operationalising and automating data privacy controls within the traditional data pipeline; It describes a repeatable framework for conducting ethical Learning Analytics. Implications for practice and/or policy For the Learning Analytics (LA) and Education Technology communities the approach described here exemplifies a standard of ethical LA practice and data privacy protection which can and should become the norm. The privacy risk measurement and risk reduction tools are a blueprint for how data privacy and ethics can be operationalised and automated. The incorporation of a standardised privacy risk evaluation metric can help to define clear and measurable terms for inter‐ and intra‐organisational data sharing and usage policies and agreements (Author, Ruth Marshall, is an Expert Contributor on ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32/WG 6 "Data usage", due for publication in early 2022).

James R. Harrison investigates how Pauls preaching of the reign of the risen and returning Christ collided with the understanding of rule in the Julio-Claudian propaganda. He focuses on Pauls letters to the Thessalonians and to the Romans.

This paper examines the role and relationships of Christian chaplains in non-church settings. Covington's and Smith's description of presence as exercised by nurses has been adapted to fit the work of chaplains in order to provide a working definition. Next, a transcendental understanding of presence is explored, beginning with a description of an encounter with the presence of God. Third, the biblical understandings of the presence of God are examined. Fourth, the author draws on philosophical theology to consider the extent to which chaplains, nurses, clients and patients who are not believers experience the presence of God in encounters that might otherwise be described in terms of a caring presence. Fifth, he considers the role that common grace plays in this ministry. The conclusion incorporates discussion of a future work that might be done in this area.

R eproductive tract infections (RTIs), includ- ing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are preventable and often curable health conditions.Public health officials consider Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum infections to be curable diseases.An estimated 376.4 million new cases of these 4 infections occur globally in adults each year; the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region has the highest number of annual new cases, estimated at 142 million (1-3).Other RTIs, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida albicans, are also common.However, global estimates for these diseases are less certain because of differing diagnostic methodologies for BV (4) and prevalence of commensal C. albicans.Current estimates suggest that 8%-51% of pregnant women have BV (5); 20%-30% of asymptomatic and 40% of symptomatic women have vaginal C. albicans infections (6).RTIs can cause substantial pain and discomfort and some patients might experience debilitating stigma from their families and communities (7).Possible complications include pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and increased risk for other STIs.In Mycoplasma genitalium andOther Reproductive Tract Infections in Pregnant Women, Papua New Guinea, 2015-2017

There are many challenges for educators in using distance and online education to adequately prepare students for their future professions. These challenges are accentuated in disciplines that prepare people for relational professions, which require people skills and a certain maturity of character. Educators in many disciplines, including theology, have questioned the suitability of distance and online education for preparing students for relational professions. This paper describes research that investigated educators’ concerns about distance and online education in Australian theological education institutions. These concerns focus around “formation” or character development, which is considered an essential element of theological education. The study used a questionnaire and interviews to explore theological educators’ understandings of formation and what educational practices can be used to encourage student formation. The coding of participant responses identified a number of categories of understandings and practices of formation. These provide a detailed and nuanced understanding of formation, which may assist educators in the development of formational learning in a variety of contexts and modes of study. It was also found that concerns about formation at a distance cluster around particular categories and practices of formation. Further exploration of these concerns and strategies for addressing them is recommended. These findings may be of interest for other disciplines which prepare people for relational professions or place value on character development.

E.A. Judge investigates the collision of the social practices of the first Christians in the eastern Mediterranean with the Roman world. He explores the distinctive lifestyle and beliefs of the Christians, and their transformation of educational and social ideals.

BACKGROUND: Accurate molecular assays for prediction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) can offer individualized treatment of gonorrhoea and enhanced AMR surveillance. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the new ResistancePlus® GC assay and the GC 23S 2611 (beta) assay (SpeeDx), for prediction of resistance/susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, respectively. METHODS: Nine hundred and sixty-seven whole-genome-sequenced Ng isolates from 20 European countries, 143 Ng-positive (37 with paired Ng isolates) and 167 Ng-negative clinical Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) samples, and 143 non-gonococcal Neisseria isolates and closely related species were examined with both SpeeDx assays. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the ResistancePlus® GC assay to detect Ng in AC2 samples were 98.6% and 100%, respectively. ResistancePlus® GC showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for GyrA S91 WT/S91F detection and 99.8% sensitivity and specificity in predicting phenotypic ciprofloxacin resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of the GC 23S 2611 (beta) assay for Ng detection in AC2 samples were 95.8% and 100%, respectively. GC 23S 2611 (beta) showed 100% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity for 23S rRNA C2611 WT/C2611T detection and 64.3% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity for predicting phenotypic azithromycin resistance. Cross-reactions with non-gonococcal Neisseria species were observed with both assays, but the analysis software solved most cross-reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The new SpeeDx ResistancePlus® GC assay performed well in the detection of Ng and AMR determinants, especially in urogenital samples. The GC 23S 2611 (beta) assay performed relatively well, but its sensitivity, especially for predicting phenotypic azithromycin resistance, was suboptimal and further optimizations are required, including detection of additional macrolide resistance determinant(s).

England last Nov-ember lie was invited by the Uiniversity of Londclon to give tlhree advanced lectur es in anatomy, wh-lichl -ere to have been delivered in the second week of Deceniiber: but the large audience that assembled to hear the filrst lectur e wer-e imifornmed of the grave illness to which lie succumibed tw o days later (see BRITISH MEDICAL JOUERN-AL December 20tlh, 1924).He had been looking forw ard -itlh the keenest in4erest to the delivery of these lectures, becanise they -would have provided him the opportunity for clearing away the misunderstanding of his w-ork anid for demiionistratinig tlle adequacy and reliability of hiis e-idence amid the inferences he had drawin from it.In particular lhe w-as anxious to explain the scientific principlles that slhould guiide the surgeoni in the selection of l)atients foir the operation that lie had devised (in collaboration-with Dr. Noi-irman Rovle)for the rielief of certain patients subject to spastic l)ara- plegia-naimely, those whose voluntamy conitrol of mlutiscular actions was uniimpaired except for time interference resulting from an exaggeration of wh-bat Slieririmgton calls " plastic tone "; and it had been his initenitioni to describe time surgical procedure in so far as the reasonis for the choice of the rami to be cut were comncerned.III tIme third lecture lie proposed to discuss tIe discordant conlclusions that hiad been drawin by differenit plhysiologists amid surgeomls respectively frlom their experiiments (espe- cially in the cat) and operations oni tie sympathetic in lhumllani patients, and to give the explammation of this aplparent lack of comisistency.Finally, he imitended to deal with tile wider scientific bearings of his anatomical and experimental researches, and the possibilities thus opened up for promising investigationis in many.dir ectiomis-aniatoiimical, physiological, pharmacological, and clinical.This much the compiler of these reports gathered ill conversation with Hunter, % ho, unfor tunately, had not rel)a-red any manuscript of the thlree lectures lie had intended to givo.It had beeni hlis intention, as w-as hiis uisual custom, to speak without niotes, and apart from these conversations and the large ser ies of lantern slides aind cinematographic films, lie has left niothiing in tIme form of lectures.Yet the subject is so imiiportant in its scientific bearinigs, and the need for somiie exiplicit guide to surgeonis is so urgent, that the attemp't hlas been miade to do w-hat Huniter had intended to do, and to putblislh the reports.Time compiler has done niothiing miiore tliami select passages from Hunter's publishled and unpublished works and endeavour to give a connected and consistent accounit of his results.In addition to time thlee miiemoirs published in

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the long-acting altrenogest injection (NV Readyserve® injection) for horses. DESIGN: A single-dose pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted. The in vivo efficacy study was a blinded, repeated measures design evaluating behaviour scores. The safety study was a non-blinded, controlled, parallel-group, randomised-block design as per the VICH protocol. METHODS: In the PK study, serial blood samples were obtained for analysis of plasma altrenogest for 150 h following the injection and a non-compartmental PK analysis was performed. For the efficacy study, 12 mares in oestrus were treated; they were monitored daily for 10 days for signs of oestrus during teasing and given a behaviour score that was compared with pretreatment scores. A standard safety study was conducted at 1-, 3- and 5-fold the recommended dosage for 84 days. Physical, haematological and biochemical examinations were performed. RESULTS: Mean plasma altrenogest concentrations were greater than ≈0.5 ng/mL for 148 h following administration. Oestrous behaviour was suppressed in all mares within 24 h of administration. Two mares returned to oestrus by day 6 and the rest on days 7-10. In the safety study there were no significant differences in the physical and haematological examinations, but minor biochemical changes in muscle enzymes. There was a low incidence of injection site reactions following the 3- and 5-fold dose, predominantly for pectoral injections. CONCLUSION: These studies support the efficacy and safety of a single dose of Readyserve® injection for the suppression of the signs of oestrus in mares for 5-7 days.

Background and Objectives: Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly being studied as a therapeutic option for a range of health conditions; however, the pharmacokinetics of CBD is not well understood. This study characterized CBD pharmacokinetics in healthy adults using a population pharmacokinetic approach, informing drug development of oral-based dose forms of CBD. Materials and Methods: CBD concentration-time data were obtained from a phase I, randomized, open-label, four-way crossover study ( n =12) and modeled using Phoenix NLME. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to estimate CBD exposure with chronic dosing as intended for clinical use (50 mg b.i.d.). Results: A three-compartment pharmacokinetic model with a chain of absorption transit compartments and first-order elimination most adequately described CBD pharmacokinetics. Substantial variability in population pharmacokinetic parameters was identified (up to 60%CV), which could not be accounted for by any covariates. Simulations indicated a 3.6-fold difference in drug exposure at steady state with multiple dosing (AUC τ 95% prediction interval: 65.5–138 ng·h/mL), and variability in the time to reach steady state, which was predicted to be up to ∼3 weeks in some individuals (95% prediction interval: 18.6–297 h). Conclusions: The findings of this study have important implications for drug development. The lack of a clear dose-response relationship, due to large pharmacokinetic variability, indicates that a one-size-fits-all approach to CBD dosing may not be feasible, at least with current dosing approaches. Furthermore, an extended time to reach steady state means that the full effect of a selected dose level is not truly observed for some time and requires careful consideration in trial design.

The use of pure oats (oats cultivated with special care to avoid gluten contamination from wheat, rye, and barley) in the gluten-free diet (GFD) represents important nutritional benefits for the celiac consumer. However, emerging evidence suggests that some oat cultivars may contain wheat gliadin analog polypeptides. Consequently, it is necessary to screen oats in terms of protein and epitope composition to be able to select safe varieties for gluten-free applications. The overall aim of our study is to investigate the variability of oat protein composition directly related to health-related and techno-functional properties. Elements of an oat sample population representing 162 cultivated varieties from 20 countries and the protein composition of resulting samples have been characterized. Size distribution of the total protein extracts has been analyzed by size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) while the 70% ethanol-extracted proteins were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Protein extracts separated into three main groups of fractions on the SE-HPLC column: polymeric proteins, avenins (both containing three subgroups based on their size), and soluble proteins, representing respectively 68.79-86.60, 8.86-27.72, and 2.89-11.85% of the total protein content. The ratio of polymeric to monomeric proteins varied between 1.37 and 3.73. Seventy-six reversed phase-HPLC-separated peaks have been differentiated from the ethanol extractable proteins of the entire population. Their distribution among the cultivars varied significantly, 6-23 peaks per cultivar. The number of appearances of peaks also showed large variation: one peak has been found in 107 samples, while 15 peaks have been identified, which appeared in less than five cultivars. An estimation method for ranking the avenin-epitope content of the samples has been developed by using MS spectrometric data of collected RP-HPLC peaks and bioinformatics methods. Using ELISA methodology with the R5 antibody, a high number of the investigated samples were found to be contaminated with wheat, barley, or rye.

Over the past decade, smartphones and various offshoot wearables have become indispensable consumer devices attracting considerable attention beyond telecommunications providing accessible edge computing and data generation into the Internet. Particularly, sensing technologies are rising, and advanced analytics both at the edge and exploiting online computing and camera imaging are growing. The data generated from these are already being collated, stored, processed, and used by various commercial enterprises, raising considerable regulatory and ethical challenges across multiple sectors. At the core of all this remain simple cost-effective sensor technologies and the work toward that. This review examines these sensor technologies to highlight challenges being solved to achieve full-spectrum Internet of Things (IoT), using advances in sensing and material processing including the pivotal role of additive manufacturing in accelerating deployment testing and understanding of these sensors and diagnostic elements. These sensors are the points from which the intelligent IoT “feels”, detects, and makes ideally real-time assessments, creating a global sensory network founded on light that, to our present knowledge, knows no natural equivalent, potentially turning the earth itself into the skeleton of an intelligent organism. It introduces the sensor side of the coming IoT, and while the focus is on smartphone technologies, the principles apply to the majority of IoT network edge technologies.

We aimed to examine the relationship between levels of socio-economic disadvantage (measured by the Socio Economic Indexes for Areas [SEIFA] used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) and uptake of the Enhanced Primary Care (EPC) item numbers on the Medicare Benefits Schedule. Health services are often less likely to reach those that most need them and so it is important to monitor whether disadvantaged communities are accessing EPC The rates of health assessments, care plans and case conferences are similar in each SEIFA quartile (from advantaged to disadvantaged populations), favouring the more disadvantaged quartiles in some cases. These national trends are not observed in each state and territory. For all EPC services combined, the lowest number of doctors that provide EPC services are found in the 2 most disadvantaged quartiles, yet more EPC services are provided in these quartiles, due to the higher mean and median number of services provided by general practitioners in these quartiles. Overall, populations living in the most disadvantaged quartiles have similar or higher levels of EPC uptake, apparently due, at least in part, to greater than average use of EPC services by general practitioners in these areas.

Religious faith and spiritual practices, although increasingly important to some students, are often avoided in the Western University classroom and student experience. There are some understandable and valid reasons for this. However, when two academics (Education/Social Work and Theology) were asked to evaluate a co-curricular, interreligious dialogue program in an Australian University, called Finding Common Ground (FCG), the data was so compelling that consideration for pedagogies in the university ‘classroom’ took on additional significance. More so in the contemporary context, where religious pluralism and respectful religious expression is to be encouraged, over and against polarisation, in today’s global and multi-religious world. This article reports on the evaluation of the FCG program’s social inclusion and inter-cultural literacy objectives. As a co-curricular program, FCG offers a safe space for students to discuss their religious faith, or alternative value base, and to learn from those of others. Research findings on two iterations of the program indicated that creating safe spaces, respectful dialogue and eliciting personal narratives supported the development of inter-cultural literacy in participants and encouraged participation of minority student voices. We examine this informal learning process, exploring possibilities that might affirm more inclusive practices in higher education and cross-culturally informed graduate outcomes.

Abstract Missio Dei (“the mission of God”), and grounding the mission of the church in the character of God as a missionary God, is one of the most important theological (re-)discoveries of the twentieth-century. The concept is limited, however, if focused on one aspect of God as sending God, model of incarnational mission or empowerment for mission. This article argues that missio Dei is missio Trinitas (“the mission of the Trinity”). It explores the richness of missio Dei from an explicitly trinitarian perspective and its implications for local congregations, in conversation with missional church writers. The article argues that missio Trinitas places primary responsibility for mission with a Trinitarian God, invites the church to join God in the dance of (co-)mission, moves mission beyond church programs to a spirituality of mission, turns church attention to a whole gospel for the whole world, and calls all Christians into mission as communities rather than individuals. Ensuring a Trinitarian understanding of God and mission helps the church to remember the importance of divine agency, spirituality of mission, holistic mission and the mission of the whole people of God.

OBJECTIVE: A large-scale capture method was developed to enable sterilisation of a macropod population in western Sydney from 2005 to 2018. METHODS: Until March 2007, free ranging eastern grey kangaroos and red kangaroos were herded into purpose-built 15 m diameter capture yards (CYs) for darting with a projectile syringe. From March 2007 onwards, animals were free-range darted in large areas without herding. Kangaroos were darted with 1.33-5.10 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam and 0.01-0.02 mg/kg medetomidine, ± 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine. Deaths were monitored. Population counts were performed annually. RESULTS: There were 5825 capture events involving 3963 kangaroos. Over 85% of all captures occurred from 2005 to 2008. Of all reported deaths (n = 523), 135 were attributed to ill health. Musculoskeletal injuries incurred during capture were the main project-related cause of death (n = 116). Post capture myopathy was uncommonly diagnosed following capture (n = 19). CONCLUSION: The herding and capture method enabled a large number of kangaroos to be mobilised and captured with low mortality rates, and the use of CYs resulted in fewer capture-related injuries and deaths than free-range capture. The drug doses and combinations used for darting were safe and effective, and the capture technique was successfully applied to a population management project.

Trip to Ca/^c York Peninsula.99 I)lace(l in middle of clianihcr.Teniiitariuin .tft.() in.high, 5 ft. in length, IS in.thick at ba.se, ta])ering to a tine edge at top; thickness at nest 7 in.The nesting sites appear to be rather frequently taken possession of by P. atropyujialis.Eggs of the Parrot are laid on soft broken up termitariuni material, and number from 4 to 6, pure white, almost round, and with little gloss.Clutch 1, measuring in millimetres: -A-.83 X .70B-.83 x .70C-.81 x .72Clutch 2 (Tvpe).-A-.83x .72,;B-.84 x .74;C-.84 x .68;D-.82 X .72. ' One clutch taken was the ])roduce of birds in iinmature plumage, which presented such variation from adults that Mr. McLennan at first thought he had a new species.The variation probably accounts for stories circulated as to two species of anthill Parrots being found in the Coen district, but a person of Mr. AIcLennan's wide experience and ornithological knowledge is not likely to have overlooked a second species during nine months' residence in the locality.A Collecting Trip to Cape York

BACKGROUND: Reducing weight stigma in healthcare is critical to supporting and improving the health of people living with overweight or obesity and decreasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. We were invited as stigma researchers to participate in an online workshop alongside community members, healthcare professionals and policymakers to codesign guidance for reducing weight stigma in healthcare. This workshop prompted us to reflect on why and how weight stigma should be addressed in healthcare, and to provide recommendations for healthcare professionals and policymakers to reduce weight stigma in healthcare. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents our reflections and recommendations for addressing weight stigma in healthcare following the codesign workshop. DISCUSSION: Recommendations include targeting individual healthcare professionals and involving clear, practical guidelines and training that leverage the notions of 'do no harm', improving practice and recognising biases. Importantly, such strategies must be couched in broader structural approaches to weight stigma reduction.

People with both obesity and eating disorders have complex medical needs requiring multidisciplinary care. Improved linkages and referral pathways between obesity and eating disorders are strongly needed to facilitate effective concurrent treatment of both conditions.

OBJECTIVE: Sustained exercise training could significantly improve patient rehabilitation and management of noncommunicable diseases in the community. This study aimed to develop a universal telecare system for delivery of exercise rehabilitation and cardiovascular training services at home. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An innovative bilateral leg training device was equipped with an electronic system for the ongoing measurement of training activities with the device. A single-item parameter reflecting the intensity of training was monitored using several modern telecommunication technologies. According to the application protocol, eight volunteers first tried the device for 30-60 min to determine their personal training capacity. Then, they were provided with equipment to use at home for 4 weeks. Adherence to daily training was assessed by the number of training days per week, training intensity, and duration of training sessions. RESULTS: The system provided reliable recording of training activities with the device using (1) long-term data logging without an ongoing connection to the computer, (2) wireless monitoring and recording of training activities on a stand-alone computer, and (3) a secure cloud-based monitoring over the Internet connection using electronic devices, including smartphones. Overall analysis of recordings and phone feedbacks to participants took only approximately 5 h for the duration of study. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although of a pilot nature, described the comprehensive exercise telerehabilitation system integrating mobile training equipment with personalized training protocols and remote monitoring. A single-item electronic parameter of the system usage facilitated time-effective data management. Wireless connection allowed various locations of device application and several monitoring arrangements ranging from real-time monitoring to long-term recording of exercise activities. A cloud-based software platform enabled management of multiple users at distance. Implementation of this model may facilitate both accessibility and availability of personalized exercise telerehabilitation services. Further studies would validate it in the clinical and healthcare environment.