Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

The philosophy of Islamic education can be defined as a study of the various problems contained in the dynamics of the science of education based on the Qur'an and al-Hadith as primary sources and the opinions of experts as secondary sources. Islamic Education Philosophy became the concept of thinking about education based on the teachings of Islam about the nature of human ability to be nurtured and developed and guided into a Muslim man whose entire personality is imbued by Islamic teachings. By studying Islamic educational philosophy means entering the fundamental, systematic, logical, and universal arena of thought which derives from the teachings of Islam.

Abstrak: Belajar dan pembelajaran merupakan dua konsep yang saling berhu­bungan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Keduanya merupakan aktivitas utama dalam pendidikan. Belajar dimaknai sebagai proses perubahan perilaku sebagai hasil interaksi individu dengan lingkungannya. Peru­bahan perilaku hasil belajar bersifat kontinyu, fungsional, positif, aktif, dan terarah. Proses perubahan tingkah laku dapat terjadi dalam berbagai kondisi berdasarkan penjelasan dari para ahli pendidikan dan psikologi. Adapun pembelajaran adalah kegiatan yang berproses melalui tahapan perancangan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pembelajaran merupakan usaha yang dilakukan untuk menfasilitasi terjadinya proses belajar pada anak didik. Pembelajaran dimaknai pula sebagai interaksi peserta didik dengan pendidik dan sumber belajar dalam suatu lingkungan belajar. Dengan demikian, efektivitas sebuah proses pembelajaran ditentukan oleh interaksi ketiga komponen tersebut.Abstract: Learning and instruction are the two concepts that are related to each other, and they cannot be separated. Both of them are the main activities in education. Learning is defined as the process of changing behavior as a result of individual interaction with their environment. The changing of behavior is continuous, functional, positive, and directed. The process of changing behavior stimulated in many different conditions based on the explanation from educational and psychological experts. Instruction is defined as the activities processing from planning, implementation, and evaluation. Instruction is the effort to facilitate students’ learning. Instruc­tion is also defined as the interaction of students, educators, and learning resources in a learning environment. Therefore, the effectiveness of ins­truction is determined by the interaction of these three components.

<p style="text-align:justify">Environmental learning in the 21st century requires students to have Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The purpose of this study was to measure HOTS students using Higher Order Thinking Skills Assessment based on Environmental Problem (HOTS-AEP). The research method used in this study was descriptive method with a total sample of 248 students consisting of Elementary School (ES), Junior High School (JHS), Bachelor Program (BP), and Master Program (MP). The results showed that students overall have a very low HOTS category. HOTS scores scale of 0-100 on ES (22.3) are still higher than JHS (20.2). Whereas at the university level, BP scores (19.9) are lower than MP (21.4). This showed that learning must be oriented towards increasing HOTS through various media development learning, learning materials, learning models, and strategies. This study concludes that the HOTS score of students was still very low and needs to be improved.</p>

Graphene oxide (GO) based on coconut shell waste was successfully synthesized using a modified Hummers method, and the obtained GO was confirmed using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and SEM-EDX. The XRD spectroscopy obtained the fractional content of the 2H graphite phase of 71.53%, 14.47% phosphorus, 10.02% calcium, and 3.97% potassium in coconut shell charcoal, where the GO sample tend to forms a phase of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). FTIR spectra shows compound functional groups of hydroxyl (- OH) at peak 1 (3449.92 cm −1 ), carboxyl (-COOH) at peak 2 (1719.42 cm −1 ) and peak 3 (1702.62 cm −1 ), and alcohol (C–OH) at peak 4 (1628.12 cm −1 ) and epoxy (CO) at peak 5 (1158.51 cm −1 ), which is similar to the GO synthesis from pure graphite. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that the value of the I D /I G intensity ratio of the GO sample was 0.89 with a 2D single layer, and SEM results showed that surface morphology with an abundance of granular particles were found with different size distribution. The UV-visible results showed sufficient optical properties characterized by the spectrum, which formed because of the light absorption of the energy passed on the sample. The bandgap energy value of the sample obtained by the Tauc plot method was 4.38 eV, which indicates semiconductor properties.

Education is the most important investment for every nation especially for the developing nation, which actively builds its country. Development can only be done by human beings prepared through education, in order to reach the most perfect man as the caliph above earth. The development of education or teaching is inseparable and the responsibility of an educator, how the educator is transforming the knowledge possessed by the existing teaching materials, and by paying attention to the method of teaching that is easily accepted by the learners so that the goal is achieved in accordance with what is expected. Objectives to be achieved then the educator must malakukan an activity called the evaluation of education. Evaluation is part and process of learning which in whole can not be separated from teaching activity, conducting evaluation which is done in education activity has a very main meaning, because evaluation is a measuring tool or process to know level of achievement that have been achieved by student of material or material has been submitted, so that with the evaluation of the objectives of the learning will be seen accurately and convincingly. Evaluation as part of a learning program needs to be optimized, as it not only relies on assessments of learning outcomes, but also needs assessment of inputs, processes, and outputs. One of the important factors for the effectiveness of learning is the evaluation factor both on the learning process and on the learning outcomes. Evaluation is a systematic collection activity of the learning process to determine whether changes occur to students and to what extent these changes affect the life of the students.

Metropolitan Urban Mamminasata South Sulawesi, Indonesia as the object of study is explored in the core-peripheral spatial interaction towards the formation of suburban service centers. The problems raised in this study are (i) is there a relationship/correlation between spatial integration, spatial interaction, and urban agglomeration to the formation of urban activity systems and (ii) how the formation of urban activity systems works as a determinant of economic growth, land use change and environmental quality degradation towards sustainable development in the metropolitan city of Mamminasata. Comparative studies of suburban areas have been carried out over three time periods (2001, 2015 and 2019). Data elaboration on observations, surveys and documentation is done to describe urban dynamics in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Path analysis is used to address direct effects, indirect effects, differences, and dependencies between urban elements. The gravity model is used to analyze the spatial interactions of the core city with the periphery. The study results show that spatial integration, spatial interaction and urban agglomeration have a positive effect on the system of urban activity and economic growth in the outskirts of the Mamminasata Metropolitan area. The results of this study recommend policy makers and urban planners that land use change, spatial integration and urban spatial interactions on the spatial scale of metropolitan cities to require the implementation of sustainable development concepts oriented towards saving the environment, ensuring fairness in economic access and creating social cohesion, in line with meeting national Metropolitan city development targets by 2030.

This research is aimed at observing the influence of leadership towards voter behavior among Towani Tolotang, particularly on the influence of political culture towards their voting behavior in Sub district of Maritengngae, District of Sidenreng Rappang. The population of this research is 1669 voters of Towani Tolotang. The samples are of 84 voters, selected by applying Slovin formula. The type of this research is quantitative descriptive based on surveys where questionnaires are the main instruments in collecting data. Among other ways of collecting data are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and library documents. The result of this research for X1 indicator shows that the level of leadership influence is 71% and is within the category of influencing. X2 indicator shows that the influence of political culture is 69% and within the category of influencing. Y indicator shows that voter behavior of Towani Tolotang is around 70.21% and within the category of influencing.

Ekstraksi merupakan proses pemisahan bahan dari campurannya dengan menggunakan pelarut yang sesuai. Proses ekstraksi dihentikan ketika tercapai kesetimbangan antara konsentrasi senyawa dalam pelarut dengan konsentrasi dalam sel tanaman. Setelah proses ekstraksi, pelarut dipisahkan dari sampel dengan penyaringan. Ekstrak awal sulit dipisahkan melalui teknik pemisahan tunggal untuk mengisolasi senyawa tunggal. Oleh karena itu, ekstrak awal perlu dipisahkan ke dalam fraksi yang memiliki polaritas dan ukuran molekul yang sama. Identifikasi golongan senyawa dilakukan dengan uji warna, penentuan kelarutan, bilangan Rf dan ciri spectrum UV. Identifikasi yang paling penting dan digunakan secara luas ialah pengukuran spektrum serapan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Kata Kunci : Ekstraksi, Identifikasi Senyawa

Islam is the Religion of Allah revealed to the Apostles as guidance and mercy of Allah for mankind at all times, which ensures the welfare of material and spiritual life, worldly and hereafter. Islam, namely the religion of Islam brought by the Prophet Muhammad as the prophet of the end of time, is a teaching revealed by Allah which is contained in the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet (maqbul) in the form of commands, prohibitions, and instructions for goodness. Human life in this world and the hereafter. Islamic teachings are comprehensive which cannot be separated from one another covering the fields of aqidah, morality, worship, and mu'amalah mu'amalah. Islam is a religion for surrender solely to Allah, the religion of all the prophets, a religion that is in accordance with human nature, a religion that is a guide for humans, a religion that regulates human relations with God and human relations with others, a religion that is a blessing for humans. Universe Islam is the only religion that is acceptable to Allah and the perfect religion.

Interest in learning is a driving force from within individuals to conduct learning activities to increase knowledge and skills and experience. This interest grows because of the desire to know and understand something that encourages and directs students’ interest in learning so that they are sincere in their learning. Interest in learning is the tendency of students to conduct learning activities that are driven by a desire to achieve the best possible learning outcomes. Based on the definitions from the experts it can be concluded that the interest in learning is the energy that drives a person to achieve learning goals. Interest in learning does not only depend on ability, but also depends on whether someone chooses mastery goals (learning objectives), the focus of which is to learn a new ability well; or performance goals, the focus of which is to demonstrate or show our abilities to others.

Implementation of the Village Fund and Community Participation in Development in Rural District of Tellu Limpoe Teteaji Sidenreng Rappang.The purpose of research is to determine the Village Fund Policy Implementation in Rural Development in the District Teteaji Tellu Limpoe Sidenreng Rappang and to determine the Community Participation in Rural Development in the District Teteaji Tellu Limpoe Sidenreng Rappang. The population of this study of 2,265 people, while the sample using the formula slovin is numbered 96 people.Techniques of data collection are (1) observation, (2) Interviews (3) of Library Studies and (4) questionnaire. The data was analyzed using frequency tables and percentages. The results of this study indicate that the Village Fund Policy Implementation indicator with a value of 69.78% both categories, Public Participation indicator with a value of 67.2% to the category of good, Rural Development Indicators in the District Teteaji Tellu Limpoe Sidenreng Rappang with a value of 71.4% categorized good.

Curriculum management is a system of curriculum management that is cooperative, comprehensive, systemic, and systematic in order to realize the achievement of curriculum objectives. A good curriculum is a curriculum that follows the development of science and technology based on society.The management of a curriculum determines success and failure in education. Therefore, the responsibility of educational institutions and all education stakeholders should have the same vision in planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating a curriculum.

Early education plays an important role in developing potential human resources. Such education, therefore, should be developed for the future of a nation. To get a maximum outcome, the process of education should be well-planned and systemic, also, the need and the way of children learn should be a priority. This is one way of teachers to stimulate students' interest and their curiousity by involving them totally in the learning process. This approach may lead students interact with their environment positively.

The garbage problem is endless. The problems faced not only in Indonesia but around the world. Continuous waste production increases with population growth, changes in consumption patterns, and people's lifestyles. The identified issues include increasing the amount of waste generation, the type, and the diversity of garbage characteristics. The next problem is related to the paradigm of society to (management) waste, until the existence of rules related to waste management. In developed countries efforts have been made to resolve the issue. The birth of 3R concept adopted by Indonesia into 3M Principle.Keywords: Garbage, Garbage Problems, Waste Management Masalah sampah memang tidak ada habisnya. Permasalahan yang tengah dihadapi tidak hanya di Indonesia saja, tapi di seluruh dunia. Produksi sampah yang terus menerus meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk, perubahan pola konsumsi, dan gaya hidup masyarakat. Permasalahan yang teridentifikasi meliputi meningkatkan jumlah timbulan sampah, jenis, dan keberagaman karakteristik sampah. Permasalahan selanjutnya adalah terkait paradigma masyarakat terhadap (pengelolaan) sampah, hingga keberadaan aturan terkait pengelolaan sampah. Di Negara-negara maju telah dilakukan berbagai upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Lahirnya konsep 3R yang diadopsi oleh Indonesia menjadi Prinsip 3M.Kata Kunci : Sampah, Permasalahan Sampah, Pengelolaan Sampah

This journal discusses about the definition of teacher’s professionalism and the teaching, the terms of a professional teacher, the teacher’s performance, the ten qualities of the good teacher, the six of successful teacher’s characters, the unfortunate teacher’s character, the ten of teacher’s mistakes, the problem or difficulty of the teacher in learning

Evaluation is one of the key factors in the field of education, particularly in the process of teaching, due to its function to assess the extent to which the development of students. In practice, evaluation may be done by using test and non-test technique. Observation, the central issue of this paper, is classified as non-test technique. It is an instrument of collecting data by a systematic process of surveillance and note taking on the behavior of students, both individually and collectively. Additionally, observation is considered the most relevant evaluation instrument to access the affective and psychomotor domain of students. One may implement participative, non-participative, and quasi observation. The quality of this instrument is judged based on its validity, which strongly due to the skill, knowledge, and attitude of the observer.

This article deals the e-learning and how it develops. E-learning system is badly needed to keep up with the development supported by information technology leading to digital era both pro-cess and content. To develop an e-learning system, it should be pre-ceded by a user-need analysis. In line with the paradigm of planned system and software, the user-need analysis is of great importance as it is a basis of design. These are designed to avoid a bad implementa-tion process of e-learning system, which mainly due to the irrelevance of developed system to the real need of users.

Regional economic growth is closely related to the optimization of the use of natural and human resources. This study aims to analyze: (1) The use of natural and human resource potential works as a determinant of the economic growth of Bulukumba Regency; (2) The influence of natural resources, human resources, community culture and regulation on economic growth in Bulukumba Regency. The research method used is a combination of mixed models, namely a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data was obtained through observation, survey and documentation. The results of the study show that optimizing the use of natural resources without human resource development causes its contribution to economic growth in Bulukumba Regency to be quite low which becomes an obstacle to the acceleration of economic development. The influence of natural resources, human resources, and community culture together has a significant effect on economic growth in Bulukumba Regency with a coefficient of determination 47.2%. This study recommends optimizing resource potential and strengthening human resource capacity through the use of technology and changes in community culture, which will encourage economic growth in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.

Reading is very important because reading is a process undertaken to obtain messages or information. In addition to information, reading is also helpful to understand all the information contained in the text reading so it can be the provision of science (intellectual development) for the future of the reader itself, can stimulate mental, reduce stress, increase vocabulary and expand one's thinking. In essence, reading is a process that is both physical and psychological, which we observe visually writing and thinking in processing information in the text.

Albeit the research on the ethnomathematics have extensively undertaken, little empirical evidence reports teachers’ perception on the ethnomathematics approach. To fill the gap, this present case study showcases that the teachers positively perceived ethnomathematics approach. The case study design was applied in this study with a focus on an exploratory overview of Indonesian’s teachers understanding ethnomathematics and practices. Teachers apply myriad media from Buginese and Makassar traditional meals and games in teaching math through the ethnomathematics approach, and most participants agree to include ethnomathematics in the math curriculum. This study found from the findings that by ethnomathematics students can grab the lesson easily and acknowledge their own culture based on the Indonesian National curriculum. Drawing on these findings, policy recommendations for teachers and school stakeholders, along with conceptual and empirical implications are discussed.