Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Perkembangan dimaknai sebagai suatu proses perubahan dalam diri individu atau organism, secara fisik maupun psikis, menuju tingkat kedewasaan atau kematangan. Perkembangan itu berlangsung secara sistematis, progresif dan berkesinambangan. Secara psikis, perkembangan mengarah kepada pembentukan kepribadian yang sangat menentukan seseorang dalam bersosialisasi.

The mechanisms which lead to secondary brain damage following transient ischaemia are incompletely defined. As discussed in this hypothesis article, the events which lead to such damage could encompass (a) a perturbed membrane handling of calcium, leading to a slow, gradual increase in the free cytosolic calcium concentration (Ca2+i), with subsequent calcium overload of mitochondria, (b) a sustained reduction of protein synthesis which, in the long run, deprives cells of enzymes or trophic factors essential to their survival, or (c) the initiation of an inherent program for cell death. Results obtained in ischaemia of brief to intermediate duration demonstrate that the ultimate cell death is heralded by a reduction in the respiratory capacity of isolated mitochondria. However, the results fail to demonstrate whether or not such a reduction precedes deterioration of the bioenergetic state which then precipitates cell death. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has recently been shown to dramatically improve the delayed CA1 damage following transient forebrain ischaemia. Since CsA is known to block a deleterious permeability transition (PT) in mitochondria from several tissues in response to calcium accumulation and oxidative stress, the results on CsA effects in forebrain ischaemia support a mitochondrial origin for the delayed cell death. Furthermore, comparisons with the effects of CsA and α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) in thymocytes and other cells undergoing programmed cell death suggest that delayed neuronal damage occurs by a sequence of events akin to those leading to apoptotic cell death. However, whether cell death is apoptotic or necrotic may depend on the severity of the insult (and its duration). We speculate that the initial ischaemic transient leads to gradual mitochondrial calcium overload, the latter triggering a PT, and apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Since similar results have been obtained in normoglycaemic animals subjected to ischaemia of intermediate duration, and in animals with preischaemic hyperglycaemia, it seems likely that both increased ischaemia duration and hyperglycaemia accelerate damage to mitochondria in the reperfusion period. Recent results obtained in transient focal ischaemia of 2 h duration demonstrate that the free radical spin trap PBN reduces infarct size, even when given 1 or 3 h after the start of reperfusion, thus providing a second window of therapeutic possibility. A major effect of the drug is exerted on the recovery of energy metabolism of the tissue since it reduces a secondary deterioration in the bioenergetic state, occurring after 2-4 h of reperfusion. At least in part, the spin trap may exert its effect by reducing microvascular dysfunction caused by oedema and to adhesion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes, which give rise to an inflammatory response mediated by cytokines, lipid mediators, or free radicals. This contention is supported by the reduction in focal ischaemic damage by antibodies to adhesion molecules for PMNs. However, it has now been found that the secondary deterioration of the bioenergetic state of core and penumbral tissues are mirrored by corresponding changes in the respiratory functions of isolated mitochondria, suggesting that, also in this type of ischaemia, the mitochondria suffer secondary damage. It is conceivable that a significant fraction of malfunctioning mitochondria emanate from microvascular tissue, explaining why antibodies to adhesion molecules mitigate the ischaemic lesions.

Globalisasi memberikan dampak positif dan negatif bagi setiap warga negara indonesia. namun, tidak setiap warga negara menyikapi dampak negatif globalisasi dengan baik. Terjadinya penurunan kuwalitas moral bangsa merupakan salah satu dampak negatif dari globalisasi.Pemerintah tampaknya sudah mulai sadar akan pentingnya nilai moral bagi sebuah bangsa, hal tersebut dapat terlihat dengan digalakannya pembangunan moral bangsa melalui pendidikan karakter dalam sistem pendidikan nasional sejak tahun 2010 hingga saat ini yang diintegrasikan dalam kurikulum 2013.Tri pusat pendidikan merupakan sarana yang tepat dalam membentuk karakter anak, terutama anak sekolah dasar. pembentukan karakter anak sekolah dasar dapat dilakukan dengan cara menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter secara konsisten baik ketika anak berada dalam lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah, maupun lingkungan masyarakat. Dengan adanya konsistensi tersebut, karakter yang diharapkan dapat tertananam dengan baik sehingga terbentuk kakrakter yang baik.

Scientific reasoning merupakan salah satu hasil belajar yang seharusnya dilatihkan kepada siswa karena penalaran ilmiah yang tinggi akan mempengaruhi siswa dalam membuat keputusan dan menyelesaikan masalah. Dibutuhkan keseriusan dalam melatihkan keterampilan scientific reasoning. Sehingga guru harus memilih pedekatan pembelajaran yang sesuai. Artikel ini mendiskusiskan tentang model problem based learning yang merupakan model pembelajaran berbasis inkuiri, dimana pembelajarannya dimulai dengan memberikan masalah. Pembahasan kedua, diperkenalkan pola-pola penalaran ilmiah yang bisa dilatihkan pada siswa baik yang berada pada tahap opersional konkrit maupun formal. Pada akhir pembahasan, akan diuraikan bagaimana model PBL mampu memfasilitasi siswa dalam mengembangkan penalaran ilmiah.Kata Kunci: Problem Based Learning and Scientific Reasoning

Pendidikan pada dasarnya merupakan suatu upaya sadar untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik secara optimal. pendidikan karakter, yaitu; membentuk pribadi anak, supaya menjadi manusia yang baik, warga masyarakat, dan warga negara yang baik, sehingga mampu mengantisipasi gejala krisis moral dan berperan dalam rangka pembinaan generasi muda. Pendidikan IPS adalah mata pelajaran yang mengkaji kehidupan sosial yang bahannya didasarkan pada kajian sejarah, geografi, ekonomi, sosiologi, antropologi dan tata negara. Melalui pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial dapat di masukkan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dengen mengintegrasikan materi dalam pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial tersebut.

Puji Syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, akhirnya buku yang berjudul “Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan” ini dapat terselesaikan. Buku ditulis dengan harapan dapat menjadi sumber belajar dan rujukan bagi para dosen, mahasiswa, dan guru dalam memahami dan mengaplikasikan metode penelitian pendidikan.Buku ini terdiri dari tujuh bab, yang membahas tentang tahapan teoritis dan praktis metode penelitian pengembangan. Masing-masing bab memiliki penekanan yang berbeda-beda. Setiap bab disusun secara sistematis untuk mempermudah pemahaman dan penerapan metode penelitian metode penelitian pendidikan.Dalam membaca buku ini, pembaca perlu membaca dari bagian awal sampai bagian akhir secara berurutan. Karena buku ini disusun berdasarkan urutan tahapan pemahaman secara teoritis dan praktis. Setelah membaca buku ini diharapkan bisa menerapkan metode penelitian pendidikan sesuai dengan problem dan kebutuhan yang ada dilapangan.

Di Indonesia bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa asing untuk dipelajari. Dalam prakteknya baik guru dan siswa masih menghadapi banyak masalah ketika proses pembelajaran. Berbagai respon dapat ditemui di kelas terkait masalah-masalah tersebut, khususnya pada sikap siwa selama mengikuti proses pembelajaran, hasil belajar siswa, dan partisipasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan kelompok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris dan faktor penyebabnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan instrumen angket, observasi, danrekaman video. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan melalui tiga cara yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek penelitian mengalami kesulitan belajar bahasa Inggris yang beragam. Hal tersebut terjadi akibat factor tingkat penguasaan bahasa Inggris yang berbeda-beda.

Abstract In the text mining there are stages that must be passed namely the text preprocessing stage. Text preprocessing is the stage to do the data selection process in each document, including case folding, tokenizing, filtering, and stemming. The results of the preprocessing process can affect the accuracy of document classification. In documents Bahasa Indonesia, there are still often over-stemming and under-stemming, so improvements are needed in the stemming process. In this study, it is proposed to use sastrawi libraries to improve the results of previous studies that are still not optimal in the results of preprocessing, especially in the filtering and stemming process. From the results of the study, the sastrawi library is able to reduce over stemming and under stemming and a faster processing time compared to using a Tala stemmer.

Abstract The “Ayo Mondok” Movement is part of the pesantren's response to modernity. In the modern era like this, there are still many Muslim societies in Indonesia that make pesantren a reference for formal and informal educational institutions. Indeed, initially the pesantren was only traditional and only aimed to explore the science of religion. However, along with the modernization of the times, Islamic boarding schools have not only become institutions to explore religious sciences but also general science. This paper explains the history and development of pesantren, and how the system of pesantren education answers the challenges of modernity. To get the desired results, the research library was chosen by researchers as the research method in this study. The results of this study reveal that Islamic boarding schools are a gathering place for santri to get religious knowledge from a cleric. The beginning of the pesantren was only a simple hut which was built as a makeshift with the aim of getting closer to the kyai or the teacher intended for the purposes of studying religion. While the system of pesantren education is still using the book of salaf or more familiarly called kitab kuning. Keywords: Islamic Boarding School, Modernity and Islamic Education Abstrak Gerakan Ayo Mondok merupkan bagian dari respon pesantren menghadapi modernitas. Di era modern seperti ini, masyarakat Muslim di Indonesia masih banyak yang menjadikan pesantren sebagai rujukan lembaga pendidikan formal maupun informal. Memang pada awalnya pesantren hanya bersifat tradisional dan hanya bertujuan untuk mendalami ilmu agama saja. Akan tetapi seiring dengan modernisasi zaman, pesantren tidak hanya menjadi lembaga untuk mendalami ilmu agama saja tetapi juga ilmu umum. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang sejarah dan perkembangan pesantren, dan bagaimana sistem pendidikan pesantren menjawab tantangan modernitas. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang diinginkan, maka library research dipilih oleh peneliti sebagai metode penelitian dalam studi ini. Hasil dari kajian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pesantren merupakan tempat berkumpulnya para santri untuk mendapatkan ilmu agama dari seorang kyai. Awal mula pesantren hanya berupa pondok sederhana yang dibangun seadanya dengan tujuan untuk mendekatkan diri kepada kyai atau guru yang dituju untuk keperluan menimba ilmu agama. Sedangkan sistem pendidikan pesantren sampai sekarang masih tetap menggunakan kitab salaf atau lebih familiar disebut kitab kuning. Kata Kunci: Pesantren, Modernitas dan Pendidikan Islam

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran permainan ular tangga dalam pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial (IPS) di sekolah dasar untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Salah satu permasalahan pendidikan adalah minimnya sarana dan prasarana, sehingga guru dituntut kreatif dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dikelas, seperti mengembangkan media pembelajaran. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang menarik dan mengatasi kebosanan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yaitu kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis permainan, seperti penerapan media pembelajaran permainan ular tangga. Penelitian ini mengembangkan media pembelajaran permainan ular tangga dalam pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial (IPS) di sekolah dasar. Pengembangan penelitian mengadobsi model 4D dari model Thiagarajan, dkk . yaitu define, design, develop, dan dissaminate. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian melalui observasi, pemberian angket, dan tes. implementasi media pembelajaran permainan ular tangga dilaksanankan uji coba dua, uji coba penelitian dilaksanakan di SDI Yapita Surabaya. Hasil implementasi media pembelajaran permainan ular tangga motivasi belajar siswa meningkat 66,7% pada aspek keaktifan belajar dan semangat belajar, sedangkan aspek ketertarikan motivasi belajar siswa meningkat 70%. Sedangkan hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan 40% dari 55% siswa yang mencapai nilai dibawah KKM (kriteria ketuntasan minimun) menjadi 100% semua siswa mencapai nilai diatas KKM (kriteria ketuntasan minimum).

buku ini merupakan buku penelitian tentang penelitian tindakan kelas. tujuan buku ini adalah memahami langkah melakukan penelitian yang dilakukan dikelas, untuk memperbaiki kualitas pembelajaran. Buku ini cocok bagi guru, calon guru dan mahasiwa pendidikan yang sedang galau dalam mempeajari tetang penelitian tindakan kelas.

One of the popular products of technology created to support language learning is podcast. As a digital recording, podcast can be used to support English language learning, specifically on the listening skill. This study reviews the effects of using podcast in supporting language learning. The aim of this study is to introduce podcast as a tool for developing language skill. Podcast as a tool has the power to motivate students in learning English. This study reviewed 20 articles published around 2020-2010 to find the effects of using podcast in teaching English to EFL students. The result of this study showed that podcast can increase language ability, especially the listening skill. Furthermore, podcast can motivate students in learning language. Teachers are recommended to use podcast as an interesting technological tool to support language learning for Indonesian students. The students confirmed that podcast is fascinating when it is used in the learning of listening skill. Podcast is a potential choice as an English learning support and it allows teachers to incorporate technology in teaching. It is important to note that the intention is not to replace teacher’s presence with podcast. Therefore, it is suggested that in using podcast teachers should provide proper guidance for their students on how get its full potential. HIGHLIGHTS: Podcasts can be alternative media to foster innovation in English Language Teaching. Integrating podcast into the related curriculum and syllabi to support listening class helps provide more contextual and communicative materials.

The study examines the role of facilitating conditions and user habits in the use of technology in Online Learning Platform (OLP) in Indonesia. The adoption of online learning, persistence, and learning results in online platforms is essential for ensuring that education technology is implemented and gets as much value as possible. People who use technology and systems will embrace new technologies even more. This quantitative study is based on a survey of 254 respondents, who were active users of the technology, and considers the facilitating conditions and user habits variables. Two research hypotheses were tested using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling method. Cronbach's Alpha, path coefficient, AVE, R-square, T-test were applied. The results showed that the factors significantly influence the Online Learning Platform technology behavioral intention. This impact is primarily associated with the availability of the resources required to use OLP technology. The availability of these resources includes supporting infrastructures such as widespread Internet access, easy access to mobile devices, and file sizes that affect access speed. The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to introduce and increase the availability of resources for using OLP technology, and familiarize people with the technology features.

This service is motivated by the activities of Campus Teaching 2 which is a form of implementation of the Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka (MBKM) program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. This program is based on the ineffectiveness of the implementation of learning carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic. This can be seen from the decline in students' interest in learning, the level of understanding of students when learning, and the literacy and numeracy abilities of students. Based on these problems affect the effectiveness of the learning process, one of which is in SMP Negeri 2 Tanggulangin. One of the methods used in the service is literacy and numeracy habituation activities. The final result of this activity is the habituation of literacy and numeracy for students at SMP Negeri 2 Tanggulangin and increasing the real role and contribution of higher education institutions and students in national development

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kinerja keuangan (<em>ROA</em>) terhadap nilai perusahaan dan menguji pengaruh alokasi biaya<em> corporate social responsibility </em>(<em>CSR</em>) dalam memoderasi hubungan kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel-variabel yang terkait dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian adalah secara parsial variabel kinerja keuangan (<em>return on asset</em>) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Selanjutnya secara parsial variabel <em>corporate social responsibility</em> mampu memoderasi hubungan kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial performance (ROA) toward the corporate value and to examine the effect of cost allocation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in moderating the relationships of financial performance toward the corporate value of food and beverage companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). In the analysis of the data, multiple regression analysis is used to determine the effect of the variables involved in this study. The results of the study show that partially financial performance (Return on Assets) does not significantly affect the corporate value. Furthermore, corporate social responsibility is able to partially moderate the effect of the financial performance relationship toward corporate value.

This research aims to facilitate and assist student learning in finding, gathering and analyzing what is needed to develop spiritual potential, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, by using seamless mobile media to get the required help in his life. Integration with guided inquiry learning the values of Islam and science in the phenomenon of natural at millennial students utilize information technology of learning resources available environment. The concurrent triangulation strategy is done by collecting quantitative and qualitative data concurrently, then comparing the two databases related to the presence or absence of convergence, differences, or combination. Based on this multivariate statistic analysis, there are differences in learning outcomes between millennial students who use seamless mobile media and non-seamless mobile media. Efforts to integrate Islamic values and science are realized learning outcomes that are; 1) wisdom of greatness, 2) usefulness in life, 3) artificial projects, 4) written reports, 5) responsibilities, 6) accuracy, 7) curiosity. The results of learning patterns that integrate Islamic values and science using seamless mobile media increase students’ skills, abilities, and knowledge. The millennial students can complete artificial projects and report very well their meaningful learning activities to have gratitude to all who made God’s creation on Earth. Efforts to integrate Islamic values and science essential to develop knowledge and ethical character. In Islam, every human being born in a sacred environment, and education becomes a deciding factor in the quality of a child’s religion by providing learning of meaning to improve the quality of millennial students.

In recent years, digital wallets (e-wallet) has taken public attention as an alternative payment system in Indonesia. However, based on data from the World Bank, only 3% of the Indonesian population aged over 15 years old used digital wallet service in 2017. Therefore, to create a cashless society, efforts are needed to expand the use of digital wallet in the community. This research aims to identify the factors that influence the adoption of the digital wallet in Indonesia. We collected the data from 345 respondents that already use an e-wallet via an online survey. Then, we analyzed the data using partial least square - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on UTAUT2 model with the addition of perceived risk and trust factor. This research supports that habit has the most substantial factor that influences the behavioral intention to adopt the digital wallet in Indonesia, followed by performance expectancy, trust, and facilitating conditions. However, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, and perceived risk in the digital wallet adoption does not significantly affect the behavioral intention to adopt the digital wallet. The digital wallet stakeholder can use the result of this research as a suggestion to make a strategic decision related to digital wallet ecosystem.

ABSTRACTPurpose — This research aims to test whether corporate governance (CG) predicts firm profitability in a sample of firms listed in the financial mark in Oman.Design/methodology/approach — This research analyses cross-sectional data across 50 non-financial firms. This study used annual reports for the fiscal year 2018 to analyze the impact of CG on firm profitability. This work tested its hypotheses and analyzing them via the Partial Least Squares (PLS).Findings — The result of this research indicates that a positive link between all the predictors is found: board size, ownership, gender, and audit committee, and firm profitability (financial performance).Practical Implications — Originality/value — This research is the first of its kind via examining the link between this set of predictors of (CG) and firm performance in the Omani context. The present study provides empirical evidence for the researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders.Keywords Corporate governance, Financial performance, Oman Paper Type research paper (secondary data)

Tulisan ini membahas tentang pentingnya penguatan blended learning berbasis literasi digital dalam mengahadapi era revolusi Industri 4.0. Era ini dibangun melalui Cyber Physical System (CPS) dan Internet of Things and Services (IoT dan IoS) sebagai pijakan utamanya. Di era revolusi digital ini semua informasi dapat diakses secara mudah serta real-time bahkan sangat cepat dan tanpa batas (unlimited). Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan digitalisasi komputer telah menciptakan sebuah “ruang baru” yang bersifat artifisial dan maya (cyberspace) bahkan “the world is flat ” dunia menjadi tidak terbatas oleh apapun. Oleh karena itu fenomena kemajuan tehnologi ini harus di sikapi secara posistif bagi perkembangan dan kemajuan peradaban manusia termasuk dunia pendidikan. Penguatan Blended Learning berbasis literasi digital merupakan langkah strategis lagi inovatif dalam menyiapkan dan mendesain system dan pola pendidikan masa depan dalam menghadapi arus disrupi budaya masyarakat yang terus berkembang secara massif di era industri 4.0.

The use of solar photovoltaic panels as source of power for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors requires a DC-DC Converter circuit. One application of solar energy is as a power source for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors. The main problem is the voltage fluctuation and low DC voltage generated by the solar panel. This research aims to improve the performance of the DC-DC Boost Converter circuit and minimize voltage fluctuations. The methodology encompasses mathematical modeling of the circuit in the form of transfer functions and optimizing the DC-DC Boost Converter circuit using the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and the Firefly algorithm. Simulation testing results indicate an improvement in transient response performance of the DC-DC Converter circuit as a driver for the BLDC motor. This is evidenced by an increase in rise time from 499 s to 820 s, a decrease in settling time from 3.33 e+03 s to 2.07e+03 s, and a reduction in overshoot to 0 % from previously 11.4 %. The utilization of the firefly algorithm in optimization significantly enhances system efficiency, as demonstrated by faster achievement of stability without excessive oscillation and a reduction in the time required for the system to settle. Overall, this study shows that the firefly algorithm is effective in developing DC-DC Boost Converter circuits, improving system efficiency by reducing settling time and eliminating overshoot. These findings provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence algorithms in enhancing the operational efficiency of energy conversion systems.