Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia

Buku ini disusun oleh akademisi dan praktisi sesuai dengan kepakarannya masing-masing. Buku ini diharapkan dapat hadir memberikan kontribusi positif dalam ilmu pengetahuan khususnya Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia yang merujuk kepada keilmuan bidang Manajemen. Luasnya permasalahan di bidang sumber daya manusia (SDM) mengharuskan organisasi membatasi ruang gerak dan aktivitasnya pada aspek-aspek penting dari manajemen sumber daya manusia itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, pada penyusunan buku ini akan diuraikan masalah-masalah pokok dalam SDM dan batasan-batasannya. Dengan memahami proses dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia, pembaca khususnya mahasiswa S1 sebagai target dari buku ini diharapkan dapat merumuskan sebuah konsep utama dalam MSDM. Pada pendidikan strata satu (S1), pengajaran Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia bertujuan memberikan dasar kemampuan bagi mahasiswa untuk menyusun proses perencanaan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between students' entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial mindset as well as understanding the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. The approach adopted in this study is a convenience random sampling method, which is widely used in entrepreneurship research. Participants were recruited from several universities in Malang of East Java in Indonesia undergoing an online survey and were calculated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of this current study indicate that entrepreneurship education successfully influences entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitude, and the entrepreneurial mindset. On the other hand, entrepreneurial self-efficacy promotes entrepreneurial attitude instead of the entrepreneurial mindset. Furthermore, entrepreneurial attitude plays an essential role in mediating both entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy toward students' entrepreneurial mindset.

Perkuliahan daring (online) merupakan sarana utama dalam pembelajaran ketika wabah Pandemi Covid-19. Tidak terkecuali Prodi PGSD FTIK Unisnu Jepara yang yang menggunakan sarana aplikasi online, seperti whatsapp grup, telegram grup, google classroom, dan media aplikasi lain ketika perkuliahan daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas perkuliahan daring pada mahasiswa Prodi PGSD di saat Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survey melalui google form secara online. Hasil pengujiannya dihasilkan bahwa mayoritas mahasiswa Prodi PGSD FTIK Unisnu Jepara mengikuti perkuliahan daring dirumah menggunakan gadget (hp) dengan koneksi data dalam keadaan sinyal internet yang cukup baik. Perkuliahan daring memberikan gambaran umum tentang kurang optimalnya pemahaman materi dan banyaknya tugas yang diberikan pada mahasiswa sehingga mengakibatkan proses perkuliahan yang kurang efektif. Hasil lain menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa siap menghadapi aturan baru the new normal live apabila dilaksanakan perkuliahan secara luring. Sedangkan untuk sistem perkuliahan yang efektif selama pandemi adalah daring dan luring secara bergantian dengan memperhatikan prinsip protocol pencegahan Covid-19.

Merdeka Belajar merupakan gagasan yang dicanangkan oleh Nadiem Makarim yang merupakan menteri Pendidikandan Kebudayaan untuk mencetak Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang unggul dengan mengutamakan pendidikan karakter. Tujuannya yaitu menciptakan peserta didik yang kritis, kreatif, kolaboratif dan terampil. Namun, pembelajaran pada saat ini tidak bisa diterapkan dengan maksimal karena terkendala masa pandemi covid-19. Seiring berjalannya waktu, sekolah-sekolah sudah menerapkan era new normal dengan melaksanakan pembelajaran di sekolah dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Hal itulah yang membuat pemerintah mengadakan kegiatan Kampus Mengajar Perintis dimana mahasiswa memberi pengajaran selama masa pandemi. Kegiatan tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu sekolah untuk memaksimalkan pembelajaran pada masa pandemi.

Around the globe, surges of bacterial diseases are causing serious health threats and related concerns. Recently, the metal ion release and photodynamic and photothermal effects of nanomaterials were demonstrated to have substantial efficiency in eliminating resistance and surges of bacteria. Nanomaterials with characteristics such as surface plasmonic resonance, photocatalysis, structural complexities, and optical features have been utilized to control metal ion release, generate reactive oxygen species, and produce heat for antibacterial applications. The superior characteristics of nanomaterials present an opportunity to explore and enhance their antibacterial activities leading to clinical applications. In this review, we comprehensively list three different antibacterial mechanisms of metal ion release, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy based on nanomaterials. These three different antibacterial mechanisms are divided into their respective subgroups in accordance with recent achievements, showcasing prospective challenges and opportunities in clinical, environmental, and related fields.

Abstract The development of antimicrobial food packaging is needed for food preservation and quality maintenance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used as an antimicrobial agent in food packaging technologies. However, the risks associated with their potential migration into foods are a major concern. This paper comprehensively reviews the use of AgNPs in food packaging technologies. The application of AgNPs in food packaging technologies has been regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority. The addition of AgNPs into food packaging can improve their barrier, mechanical, and antibacterial properties, as well as maintain the quality of foods. Migration of AgNPs from food packaging into foods is still a concern as it has implications for human health associated with their toxicity properties. A study on the toxicological properties of AgNPs released from food packaging needs to be carried out intensively to ensure their safety before being widely implemented. Moreover, comprehensive economic evaluation to implement AgNPs in food packaging is needed as such a study is missing in the literature.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of digital finance, digital marketing and digital payment variables on finance performance. This study uses quantitative methods and data analysis techniques is performed based on Structural Equation Modeling using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The method of selecting the sample using the snowball sampling methods. Online questionnaires were sent to 190 SMEs respondents in the province of Banten Indonesia and evaluated the returned questionnaires. The results of data analysis show that the digital finance had a positive and significant effect on the finance performance, the digital payment had a positive and significant effect on the finance performance and the digital marketing had a positive and significant effect on the finance performance. The findings of this research can provide benefits for MSME actors in developing their business to improve business performance, by paying attention to aspects of MSME digitization and financial literacy of MSME entrepreneurs. Keep in mind, the important role of information technology in business activities requires entrepreneurs to improve their digital literacy.

An upsurge in the multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pestilence is a global cause for concern in terms of human health. Lately, nanomaterials with photothermal effects have assisted in the efficient killing of MDR bacteria, attributable to their uncommon plasmonic, photocatalytic, and structural properties. Examinations of substantial amounts of photothermally enabled nanomaterials have shown bactericidal effects in an optimized time under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. In this review, we have compiled recent advances in photothermally enabled nanomaterials for antibacterial activities and their mechanisms. Photothermally enabled nanomaterials are classified into three groups, including metal-, carbon-, and polymer-based nanomaterials. Based on substantial accomplishments with photothermally enabled nanomaterials, we have inferred current trends and their prospective clinical applications.

Abstrak: Pengaruh Kedisiplinan, Lingkungan Kerja dan Budaya Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Pengajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kedisiplinan kerja, lingkungan kerja dan budaya kerja terhadap kinerja tenaga pengajar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh tenaga pengajar Yaspenlub Demak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan regresi linear ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedisiplinan kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja, lingkungan kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja, budaya kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja tenaga pengajar, dan secara bersama-sama kedisiplinan kerja, lingkungan kerja dan budaya kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja tenaga pengajar. Kata Kunci: Kedisiplinan, Lingkungan, Budaya Kerja, Kinerja Abstract: The Effects of Discipline, Work Environment and Work Culture on Lecturer Performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline, work environment and work culture on the performance of teachers. The population of this study was all lectures of Yaspenlub Demak. The results of this study indicate that the discipline does not affect the performance of the work, the work environment has no effect on performance, work culture has a positive effect on the performance of teachers, and jointly work discipline, work environment and work culture positive effect on the performance of teachers. Keywords: Discipline, Environment, Work Culture, Work Performance.

Efforts to strengthen the character become the basis in the implementation of the curriculum 2013. Application of the 2013 curriculum provides a paradigm shift, which in the end result of learning students not only master the knowledge but also master the attitude and skills. One of the two characters developed is curiosity and social care. To form the character, it needs an educational instrument such as a competent teacher, adequate learning resources, and the most important is the action of learning in the form of approach, model, method, or appropriate learning strategy. So the application of discovery learning model with scientific approach. Which model is effective and efficient in bring up the character of curiosity and social care. Keywords Curiosity, Social Care, Discovery Learning http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um022v2i22017p079

<p class="Standard">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran berupa media komik pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia dan keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas IV SD. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall. Model Pengembangan tersebut dikelompokan menjadi: (1) melakukan penelitian pendahuluan dan pengumpulan informasi, (2) melakukan perencanaan, (3) mengembangkan produk awal, (4) melakukan uji coba lapangan awal, (5) melakukan revisi produk awal untuk menyusun produk utama, (6) melakukan uji coba utama, (7) melakukan revisi produk utama untuk menyusun produk operasional, (8) melakukan uji lapangan operasional, (9) melakukan revisi produk akhir, (10) deseminasi. Subjek uji pelaksanaan lapangan pada kelas eksperimen sebanyak 27 siswa dan pada kelas kontrol sebanyak 27 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) media komik pembelajaran layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Menurut ahli materi dan ahli media pembelajaran produk media komik<em> </em>berkategori “baik”. (2) terdapat peningkatan nilai pretest terhadap posttest motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia dan keterampilan membaca pemahaman antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Keseluruhan uji dan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa media komik pembelajaran berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia dan keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa.</p><p class="Standard"><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong> media komik pembelajaran, motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia, keterampilan membaca pemahaman</p><p class="Standard"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p class="Standard" align="center"><strong><em>DEVELOPING COMIC BOOKS FOR STUDYING TO INCREASE MOTIVATION TO LEARN AND READING COMPREHENSION FOR THE FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL</em></strong></p><p class="Standard"> </p><p class="Standard" align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p class="Standard"><em>This research aims to : develop an comic books that is eligible for the fourth grade students of elementary school, (2) reveal the effectiveness of the developed comic books toward enchancement of student motivation to learn, and enchancement of student reading comprehension. This developmental research refers to the model from Borg & Gall, consist of (1) research & information collecting, (2) planning, (3) develop preliminary form of product, (4) preliminary field testing, (5) main product revision, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product revision, (8) operational field revision, (9) final product revision, (10) dissemination and implementation. The subject of the operational field testing consists of 27 as the experimental class and 27 students as the control class. The research finding reveals that the comic books is proper for the fourth grade students of elementary school.(1) According to the expert of the material and the expert of the educational media, the comic books product is categorized into “good”. (2) There is an increase in the pretest to posttest at control class and experimental class of motivation for study after using comic books, and reading comprehension after using comic books for study. Overall test and the results showed that the comic books take effect that positive and significant to student’s motivation to learn and student’s reading comprehension.</em></p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>comic books for studying, motivation to learn,</em> <em>student’s reading comprehension.</em>

Nanomaterials, specifically metal nanoclusters (NCs), are gaining attention as a promising class of antibacterial agents. Metal NCs exhibit antibacterial properties due to their ultrasmall size, extensive surface area, and well-controlled surface ligands. The antibacterial mechanisms of metal NCs are influenced by two primary factors: size and surface charge. In this review, we summarize the impacts of size and surface charge of metal NCs on the antibacterial mechanisms, their interactions with bacteria, and the factors that influence their antibacterial effects against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we highlight the mechanisms that occur when NCs are negatively or positively charged, and provide examples of their applications as antibacterial agents. A better understanding of relationships between antibacterial activity and the properties of metal NCs will aid in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials for the development of effective antibacterial agents against bacterial infections. Based on the remarkable achievements in the design of metal NCs, this review also presents conclusions on current challenges and future perspectives of metal NCs for both fundamental investigations and practical antibacterial applications.

The technological development of the industrial revolution era 4.0 greatly influenced the world of education, especially higher education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of education using Blended learning based learning in the Covid 19 season. Blended learning used one of which is Google Classroom. Blended learning involves all academics in the tertiary institution in English language courses. This research is a trial with two cycles namely cycle I and cycle II. The results of the data are analyzed based on the cycle in the implementation of learning. The results achieved in this study describe blended learning, knowing Google classroom as an alternative in learning English, and learning blended learning through Google classroom. Results in Cycle I are on average lower than Cycle II as measured by learning (69% to 100%), active student (27% to 100%), achievements (89% to 96%), learning process (70% to 100 %), complete score 25% to 86%), not complete ye (75% to 12%), success (45% to 75%) The use of Google classroom can improve the results of the average achievement of English material on students of English education departments. The conclusion of this research is that this application can run effectively, in order to help facilitate lecturers and students in English education study programs in carrying out the learning process more deeply.

Along with the development of the financial industry technology is also growing with the emergence of Fintech (financial technology). Fintech is one of the innovations in the financial field that refers to modern technology. The growing existence of Fintech so that emerging Sharia-based Fintech and facilitating customers will certainly influence the formal Islamic finance industry such as Sharia Banks, Sharia BPRS, BMT and other formal Islamic finance industries where transactions in the formal sharia financial industry still use physical transactions in the transaction and have not made much use of the increasingly evolving technological advancements. This will make the formal financial industry less effective because more costs and time spent. If the Islamic finance industry is unable to innovate and utilize technology, it will be far behind by the Fintechbased financial industry whose development is very fast. This study was conducted to examine how the development and impact of Fintech on the Islamic finance industry in Central Java. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method and combines two types of research, namely field research and library research. Field research by collecting information from the Central Java Financial Services Authority (OJK), and from the Islamic Finance industry, namely BPRS Saka Dana Mulia Kudus

Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) became a special concern in language teaching for the reason that it can assist and enhance language learning for all levels of education. Again, it had beneficial roles for supplementing language teaching like ELSA Speak App one of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) used for teaching pronunciation. It studied how students heard, voiced, uttered, vocalized, and asserted the English words in the oral language, but the students often pronounced incorrect words with the result that the uttered words had faulty meaning. This study aimed to carry out English Language Speech Assistant (ELSA) Speak App to improve English language pronunciation skills to higher education learners that were the English Department Students of Nahdlatul Ulama University of Yogyakarta (UNU). The data were collected using a test of pronunciation and interview. The researcher also taught in the classroom. The results showed that ELSA Speak can increase the students’ pronunciation skills. It can be seen from the average scores obtained from the teaching cycles from two to four in grade. Clearly, ELSA Speak helped the students pronounce diverse words more easily and comprehensively. Also, the available features offered by this app like instant feedback enabled the students to pronounce precisely. In conclusion, ELSA Speak can improve the students’ pronunciation skills well and effectively. Indeed, it can motivate the students to engage in learning to pronounce.

Atrous convolution and attention have improved the performance of the UNet architecture for segmentation purposes. However, a perfect combination of atrous convolution and attention to improve brain tumor segmentation performance is still an interesting challenge. In this paper, we propose UNet architecture with the addition of attention in the skip connection and the replacement of the processing block with two atrous convolution sequences connected to the attention unit combined with one residual path called the Multipath Residual Attention Block (MRAB). The architecture was trained using the Brain Tumor Segmentation(BraTS) 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 challenge datasets. The ensembled model was validated online and obtained dice scores of 77.71%, 79.77%, 89.59% for BraTS2018, 74.91%, 80.98%, 88.48% for BraTS2019, 72.91%, 80.19%, 88.57% for BraTS2020, and 77.73%, 82.19%, 89.33% for BraTS2021 validation datasets for Enhanced Tumor(ET), Tumor Core(TC), and Whole Tumor(WT) areas, respectively. These dice score performances outperformed state-of-the-art brain tumor segmentation architectures and promised to be developed for clinical application.

Character education can be defined as a process of giving guidance tolearners to develop attitudes and behavior optimally. The first step inbuilding Character education must be start from the family environmentbecause the family is the primary and first source for the child to acquireand build character. Good or bad character of a child is very much neededby the family environment. The process of character education of childrenin the family can be done by parents by using several ways such asexemplary, habituation, advice and tips and motivation for children. Theattainment of the character education process within the family environment depends on the harmony between parent, child, the means used and the supportive environment. Pendidikan karakter dapat diartikan sebagai proses pemberian tuntunankepada peserta didik untuk mengembangkan sikap dan perilaku secaraoptimal. Pendidikan karakter pertama kali harus dilaksanakan di dalamlingkungan keluarga karena keluarga merupakan sumber utama danpertama bagi anak untuk memperoleh dan membentuk sertamengembangkan karakter. Baik atau buruknya karakter anak sangatdipengaruhi oleh lingkungan keluarga. Proses pendidikan karakter anakdalam keluarga dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua dengan menggunakanbeberapa cara antara lain keteladanan, pembiasaan, nasehat dan hukuman serta motivasi terhadap anak. Tercapainya proses pendidikan karakter di dalam lingkungan kelurga bergantung pada keserasian antara orang tua, anak, cara yang digunakan serta lingkungan yang mendukung terjadinya proses pendidikan.

The need for water consumption not only for humans but also the other living things as natural supporting elements for continuity of life. Water consumption depends on the availability of water resources like rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Certainly, water becomes limited natural resources most of them because of water pollutions. It is necessary to manage water quality to fulfil the sustainability of water functions as natural resources, we create an integrated system based on Internet of Things to measuring the water quality by developing environmental water management monitoring system using sensors. The use of raspberry pi as an embedded system will help in the manufacture of detecting sensors device and the use of remote communications technology can help the interaction of sending data between things. The result is the IoT water quality monitoring system can be operated as an automated water monitoring system for surface water and it's real-time online.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran teknologi pendidikan dalam perspektif merdeka belajar di era 4.0. Implementasi penelitian ini tentang bagaimana guru memahami konsep merdeka belajar dalam menerapkan teknologi pendidikan sebagai dasar pembelajaran di era 4.0. Program ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi dan numerasi siswa menyusul pencapaian Indonesia di bawah standar dalam penilaian pendidikan global, PISA. Metode penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan kajian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa teknologi pendidikan sangat berperan dalam program merdeka belajar di era 4.0 dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Kondisi ini dapat dilihat dari implementasi kebijakan pokok merdeka belajar yang memberikan kebebasan berinovasi dan kebebasan belajar secara mandiri pada sekolah, guru, dan peserta didik.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of e-Marketing, e-CRM and e-Marketing on e-Loyalty and company performance. The study is quantitative with a questionnaire approach. Data processing tools use the SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. The primary data collection method was by distributing online questionnaires through online surveys to 286 managers of non-e-commerce companies during covid pandemic and digital era. The regression test results show the e-Marketing has a significant effect on Company Performance, e-CRM has significant effect on Company Performance, e-Marketing has no significant effect on e-Loyalty, e-CRM has no significant effect on e-Loyalty), e-Loyalty has no significant effect on Company Performance, e-CRM has no significant effect on business sustainability through e-Loyalty. Finally, e-Marketing has no significant effect on Company Performance through e-Loyalty. That means e-marketing and e-CRM have a relationship and influence on e-loyalty both individually and simultaneously.