University of Bengkulu

Summary Emerging research evidence across multiple industries suggests that thriving at work is critically important for creating sustainable organizational performance. However, we possess little understanding of how factors across different organizational levels stimulate thriving at work. To address this gap, the current study proposes a multilevel model that simultaneously examines contextual and individual factors that facilitate thriving at work and how thriving relates to positive health and overall unit performance. Analysis of data collected from 275 employees, at multiple time periods, and their immediate supervisors, representing 94 work units, revealed that servant leadership and core self‐evaluations are 2 important contextual and individual factors that significantly relate to thriving at work. The results further indicated that thriving positively relates to positive health at the individual level, with this relationship partially mediated by affective commitment. Our results also showed that collective thriving at work positively relates to collective affective commitment, which in turn, positively relates to overall unit performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that work context and individual characteristics play significant roles in facilitating thriving at work and that thriving is an important means by which managers and their organizations can improve employees' positive health and unit performance.

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru SD dan SMP Negeri/Swasta di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Peningkatan kompetensi guru dilakukan melalui Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Pelatihan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilakukan dengan strategi siklus yang dilakukan dengan tahapan dari identifikasi masalah, perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Berdasarkan identifikasi masalah bahwa masih banyak guru yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menyusun PTK dan melaksanakannya di kelas. Lemahnya kemampuan mereka dalam menyusun PTK disebabkan oleh keterbatasan pengetahuan atau pemahaman mereka tentang PTK secara praktek. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan evaluasi. Dalam pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa para guru berpartisipasi aktif untuk memiliki keseriusan, kemauan, dan motivasi yang tinggi untuk mengembangkan penelitian tindakan kelas. Dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan pada proses pembelajaran salah satunya melalui penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Manfaat PTK di antaranya adalah membantu guru memperbaiki mutu pembelajaran, meningkatkan profesionalisme guru dan meningkatkan kompetensi guru. Kegiatan pelatihan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan tentang pemahaman penelitian tindakan kelas, pengolahan dan analisis data penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil akhir dalam penelitian ini adalah proses pelatihan memberikan manfaat bagi guru, yaitu dapat meningkatkan pemahaman guru pada Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, menumbuhkan motivasi dalam menyusun PTK dan melaksanakan PTK, serta bagi sekolah dapat meningkatkan kinerja sekolah melalui peningkatan profesionalisme guru. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan masukan guru di sekolah lainnya sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru melalui Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Guru; Profesionalisme Guru; Penelitian Tindakan Kelas

COVID-19 menyebabkan penyakit yang menyerang sistem pernapasan pada manusia. Virus ini telah menginfeksi jutaan orang sehingga menyebabkan angka kematian yang tinggi bagi penderitannya di seluruh dunia. Anak-anak termasuk juga anak-anak yatim piatu yang tinggal di panti asuhan sangat rentan terhadap penularan COVID-19. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi dan pendampingan kepada anak-anak panti asuhan Kasih Sayang Kota Bengkulu untuk menerapkan pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) agar terhindar dari penularan COVID-19. Kegiatan ini juga diikuti dengan pemberian sembako kepada anak-agar panti asuhan agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya selama pandemi COVID-19. Edukasi dilakukan menggunakan metode kaji tindak dengan pendekatan partisipatif. Materi edukasi yang diberikan kepada anak-anak panti asuhan diantaranya pengenalan COVID-19 dan gejalanya, cara mencuci tangan yang baik dan benar, cara menerapkan etika batuk, cara physical distancing, serta cara menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat. Kegiatan edukasi dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan terhadap PHBS dalam pencegahan COVID-19 dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, dan demontsrasi. Penyampaian materi juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berupa poster. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar angket untuk mengetahui pengetahuan peserta sebelum dan setelah diberikan edukasi. Hasil kegiatan menujukkan bahwa edukasi yang diberikan oleh fasilitator dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan anak-anak panti asuhan terhadap perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dalam pencegahan COVID-19. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari persentase pengetahuan peserta sebelum diberikan edukasi yaitu sebesar 74,48% yang kemudian meningkat menjadi 86,49% setelah diberikan edukasi.

To investigate the effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity, female broiler chicks were fed on either no additive (control) or dried B. subtilis-culture-supplemented commercial diets (215 g crude protein/kg, 12.85 MJ metabolizable energy/kg) at 10 or 20 g/kg diet for 28 d from 14 to 42 d of age. Body weight, and moisture, fat, protein and ash contents of the body were not influenced by the B. subtilis culture. Feed efficiency, N utilization, the ratio of abdominal fat or liver to body weight, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) activity, liver and serum cholesterol contents were significantly lower in treatment groups, while fatty acid synthetase activity and serum cholesterol concentration were not significantly different, compared with the control group. Liver triacylglycerol concentration was decreased in chicks given 20 g culture/kg diet, while serum and carcass triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower in treatment groups than in the control group. Serum phospholipid concentration was increased but carcass phospholipid concentration was decreased in chicks given 20 g B. subtilis/kg diet, while liver phospholipid concentration was not significantly influenced. The advantages of inclusion of B. subtilis to the broiler diet included improved feed efficiency, less abdominal fat, reduced triacylglycerol concentrations in the liver, serum and carcass and reduced cholesterol concentrations in the liver and carcass.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil uji validasi bahan ajar elektronik yang dibuat menggunakan Flip PDF Professional pada materi Alat-Alat Optik. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) Model pengembangan yang digunakan yaitu model 3 D dengan langkah- langkah Define, Design, dan Develop. Validasi dilakukan oleh 2 judgement ahli dan 2 praktisi untuk menilai produk yang dikembangkan dari aspek penyajian, isi, dan bahasa. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas aspek penyajian didapatkan hasil persentase sebesar 78,12% dengan kategori sangat baik, aspek isi sebesar 81,88% dengan kategori sangat baik, aspek bahasa sebesar 82,81% dan aspek media sebesar 75 % dengan kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar elektronik menggunakan Flip PDF Professional yang dihasilkan sudah valid dengan persentase total sebesar 79,45% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik.Kata Kunci : Pengembangan dan penelitian, Bahan Ajar Elektronik, Flip PDF Professional ABSTRACT This research was aimed to describe validity tests of electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF Pro on Optical Instruments topic. This research used research and development model, namely 3D Development .The steps of 3D development were Define, Design, and Develop. Validation was carried out by 2 expert judgments and 2 practitioners to assess products developed from aspects of presentation, content, and language. Based on the results of the validity of the presentation aspects, the percentage results were 78.12% with very good categories, content aspects 81.85% with very good categories, language aspects at 82.75% and media aspects at 75% with very good categories. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the electronic teaching materials using Flip PDF Professional developed were valid and tested product with total validity test 79.4%, which is included in the excellent category.Keywords :Research and Development, Electronic Teaching Materials, Flip PDF Professional

Recent advance in digital imaging has made a high-resolution photo produced from digital camera more affordable. The use of digital images comprises current opportunity to develop fast and low-cost colorimetric detections for quantitative chemical analysis. The method employs prime color space RGB (red–green–blue) with individual values varying from 0 to 255. RGB data was extracted from a square-homogenous cropped digital images using Matlab software (Mathworks Inc., USA) to construct calibration curve in quantitative determination. We compare two different methods to determine the concentration of chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe). The first method is based on simple linear regression (SLR) of individual color R, G or B. The second method is based on partial least square (PLS) of all three colors R, G and B. Accuracy of the method was validated using UV-visible spectrophotometry as a reference method. We found that accuracy of the method was better than 2.5% with precision less than 1.4% for both chromium and iron.

The rapid development of information and communication technology provides an opportunity for scientists to develop a quantitative analytical method that is built on a mobile gadget as a detector. In this paper, we report a low-cost, simple and portable analytical method for mercury ion quantification based on digital image colorimetry coupled with a smartphone application. A small amount of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was used as a colorimetric agent that is selective only to mercury ions. The yellowish brown color of AgNPs instantly changed to colorless after the addition of mercury ions due to a redox reaction. To increase the portability, we attached the AgNPs onto a medium to create a paper-based analytical device. The final data processing of the colorimetric analysis was conducted using an android application available on the Google Play Store, called “Mercury Detector”. The proposed method has good sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.86 ppb, which is comparable to those of bulk and more expensive instruments. This allows for the detection of mercury ions as low as 2 ppb (10 nM), which is also the maximum contaminant level permitted in drinking water by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The proposed method was applied to real samples that provide satisfactory results on accuracy (2.4%) and precision (2.5%).

The general objective of this study is to describe the management of increasing teachers’ performance. The specific objectives of this study describe: 1) the planning of the management of increasing teachers’ performance, 2) the implementation of the management of increasing teachers’ performance, 3) the monitoring and evaluation of the management of increasing teachers’ performance and 4) the problems found in the management of increasing teachers’ performance. The research methods of this study was descriptive qualitative and the techniques of data collection were interview, observation and documentation. The research subjects were principal and teachers. The findings of this study show that the planning and the monitoring and evaluation of the management of increasing teachers’ performance runs effectively. But, based on the implementation of the management of increasing teachers’ performance  there are some problems found namely external and internal problems.

Natural variations in the isotopic composition of molybdenum (Mo) are showing increasing potential as a tool in geochemistry. Although the ocean is an important reservoir of Mo, data on the isotopic composition of Mo in seawater are scarce. We have recently developed a new method for the precise determination of Mo isotope ratios on the basis of preconcentration using a chelating resin and measurement by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), which allows us to measure every stable Mo isotope (Nakagawa et al., 2008). In this study, 172 seawater samples obtained from 9 stations in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Oceans were analyzed, giving global coverage and the first full depth-profiles. The average isotope composition in δA/95Mo (relative to a Johnson Matthey Mo standard solution) was as follows: δ92/95Mo = -2.54 ± 0.16‰ (2SD), δ94/95Mo = -0.73 ± 0.19‰, δ96/95Mo = 0.85 ± 0.07‰, δ97/95Mo = 1.68 ± 0.08‰, δ98/95Mo = 2.48 ± 0.10‰, and δ100/95Mo = 4.07 ± 0.18‰. The δ values showed an excellent linear correlation with atomic mass of AMo (R2 = 0.999). Three-isotope plots for the Mo isotopes were fitted with straight lines whose slopes agreed with theoretical values for mass-dependent isotope fractionation. These results demonstrate that Mo isotopes are both uniformly distributed and follow a mass-dependent fractionation law in the modern oxic ocean. In addition, Mo isotopic analysis revealed that δ98/95Mo of the standard used in this study was 0.117 ± 0.009‰ lighter than the Mo standard that was used by Archer and Vance (2008). A common Mo standard is urgently required for the precise comparison of Mo isotopic compositions measured in different laboratories. On the other hand, our results strongly support the possibility of seawater as an international reference material for Mo isotopic composition.

This paper presents a review of status of micro hydropower in Indonesia. A micro hydropower plant can use a reaction or impulse turbine depending on the available resource. Only way to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel is by increasing the renewable energy production capabilities. It is very important to consider short term economic feasibility of renewable energy resources for developing countries. Among all renewable energy sources, hydroelectricity is the most economical and reliable source. Due to environmental concerns and very large capital cost a large hydro power station has less attraction in the present world economy. Nonetheless micro hydropower has a quite large potential to develop. Many of small rivers have much energy to exploit by hydropower electrification, from pico-hydro to micro-hydro scale. Particularly in Indonesia, in many islands country they have huge potential for using micro-hydro on many river and high rainfall because many area of Indonesia lie in equator line.

Usia balita merupakan usia yang rawan terhadap berbagai penyakit dan masalah gizi. Pertanyaan penelitian adalah faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah agar dapat dilakukan intervensi yang tepat dalam upaya pencegahan kejadian stunting pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review yaitu melakukan review secara sistematis terhadap 3 buah artikel yang meneliti tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan. Dari hasil review diketahui terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi yaitu asupan energi, berat badan lahir, tingkat pendidikan ibu, tingkat pendapatan keluarga, pola asuh dan keragaman pangan yang memiliki nilai p = 0,05. Disarankan untuk memberikan asupan energi yang cukup kepada bayi dan balita, memberikan asupan gizi yang baik kepada ibu hamil, meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu, membuka lapangan pekerjaan yang luas, memberikan penyuluhan tentang pola asuh dan memanfaatkan pekarangan sebagai kebun sayuran

The purpose of this research is to analyze the direct influence of compensation, empowerment, and job satisfaction to employee loyalty, to analyze direct influence of compensation and empowerment to job satisfaction, to analyze direct influence of empowerment to job satisfaction and to analyze the direct influence to compensation to empowerment. This is a quantitative research using survey method, and the data analysis is path analysis. The conclusion of this research shows that there is direct positive influence of compensation, empowerment, and job satisfaction to employee satisfaction. There is a direct positive influence of compensation and empowerment to job satisfaction. There is a direct positive influence of compensation to empowerment.

This study aimed at investigating the implementation of academic supervision by principals, from the planning, implementation, and follow-up. Academic supervision gave impact on teachers performance. Teachers evaluations will be seen from the lesson plan, the implementation of instruction, assessment of learners and the follow-up. To achieve these objectives, we used quantitative approach. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires using Likert scale. The analysis used was simple regression analysis. The results showed there was significant correlation between the academic supervision by principals towards the teachers performance. If the academic supervision increases, the teachers performance will also increase.

This study aims to determine the effect of discovery learning using ICT in bamboo conservation topics on students' language and scientific literacy.The matching only pretest and posttest control group design was used in this research.The participants were fourth-grade students in the academic year 2017-2018 with a total of 36 students.The research instrument for language literacy is essay questions, and scientific literacy is multiple-choice questions.Data were analyzed using the T-test.The analysis results show that there are differences in language and scientific literacy skills in students who were taught using discovery learning with ICT media and students who were taught using a conventional approach with visual media.The findings exhibited that: (1) there is an influence of the use of discovery learning with ICT media on students' language and scientific literacy, and (2) there is an influence of the interaction of discovery model with ICT language and scientific literacy in fourth-grade students.It is recommended for elementary school teachers and further researchers that the discovery learning model be adopted with ICT media, because: (1) scientific literacy can be developed through the understanding ability or part of language literacy, and (2) ICT media as the bamboo identification application as learning media can attract students' attention by creating an active and pleasant learning atmosphere.

Proses belajar terjadi karena adanya interaksi antara seseorang dengan lingkungannya Proses tersebut Disekolah tidak hanya belajar tapi yang paling terpenting adalah pendidikan. Karna pendidikan yang akan membentuk watak seseorang pengetahuan akan memperlancar prosesnya Salah satu pembelajaran dan pendidikan karakter di Sekolah adalah pendidikan jasmani. Pendidikan Jasmani adalah aktivitas psikomotorik yang dilaksanakan atas dasar pengetahuan (kognitif), dan pada saat melaksanakannya akan terjadi perilaku pribadi yang baik (afektif). Untuk mencapai semua itu dibutuhkan guru yang berkompetensi. Salah satu kompetensinya adalah kompetensi profesional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data utama dalam penelitian kualitatif ialah kata-kata, dan tindakan, selebihnya adalah data tambahan seperti dokumen dan lain-lain. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri atas (1) Observasi, (2) wawancara/Interview, (3) Dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data kualitatif dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yaitu dengan kegiatan data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/ verification. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemahaman guru PJOK tentang kompetensi profesional sangat beragam, diantaranya (1) Guru harus menguasai materi, membuat inovasi dalam pembelajaran dan memaksimalkan sarana dan prasarana untuk menunjang pembelajaran, (2) Guru harus menghindari prilaku tindakan indisipliner, seperti datang tepat waktu, mengutamakan kepentingan tugas yang sudah dibebankan diatas kepentingan pribadi, (3) Guru harus “melek” teknologi dan memanfaatkannya sebagai media pembelajaran. PJOK Teachers' Understanding of Professional Competency Standards AbstractThe learning process occurs because of the interaction between a person and his environment. The process is not only learning but also the most important thing is education. Education will shape a person's character. One of the character education in schools is physical education. Physical Education is a psychomotor activity that is carried out on the basis of knowledge (cognitive), and at the time of implementing it will occur good personal behavior (affective). To achieve all of that, competent teachers are needed. One of the competencies is professional competence. This research uses a qualitative research approach. The main data sources in qualitative research are words, and actions, the rest are additional data such as documents and others. Data were collected using (1) observation, (2) interview (3) documentation. Qualitative data analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion/ verification activities. The results showed that PJOK teachers' understanding of professional competence was very diverse, including (1) Teachers must take control the material, make innovations in learning and maximize facilities and infrastructure to support learning, (2) Teachers must avoid disciplinary action behaviors, such as arriving on time, give priority to the interests of tasks that have been charged above personal interests, (3) Teachers must "literate" technology and use it as a learning media.

Ujaran kebencian merupakan fenomena kebahasaan yang bertolak belakang dengan konsep kesantunan berbahasa sebagai indikator kecerdasan linguistik dan etika berkomunikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk tindak ujaran kebencian di media sosial serta jenis tindak tutur ilokusi pada komentar netizen di facebook. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Data berupa tuturan netizen pada kolom komentar yang mengandung ujaran kebencian dan tindak tutur ilokusi asertif, direktif, komisif, ekspresif dan deklaratif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah dokumentasi. Langkah analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bentuk ujaran kebencian yang ditemukan antara lain bentuk penghinaan, menghasut, provokasi politik, pencemaran nama baik, penistaan agama, dan menyebarkan berita bohong (hoax) yang tergolong menjadi empat topik yaitu tentang masalah politik, sosial, ekonomi dan agama. Adapun jenis tindak tutur ilokusi yang ditemukan antara lain bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi asertif 32,63%, direktif 20,63%, komisif 9,26%, ekspresif 35,9%, dan deklaratif 1,58% dengan total keseluruhan 882 data tuturan dari 20 konteks tuturan. Kesimpulan pertama, pada konteks tuturan paling banyak ditemukan bentuk ujaran kebencian penistaan agama dan pada kolom komentar paling banyak ditemukan bentuk penghinaan bersifat mencela. Kedua, jenis Tindak Tutur Ilokusi (TTI) paling banyak ditemukan pada tuturan netizen di kolom komentar adalah TTI Ekspresif kategori mengkritik. Kata kunci : Ujaran Kebencian (hate speech), fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi, komentar facebook (fb) 2018

In this study, we examined the significant influence of the principal's leadership, academic supervision, and professional competence toward teachers' performance.We researched high school in the sub rayon 06 of Banyuasin.This research belongs to quantitative partial and simultaneous correlational.The sample was 128 teachers from SMA Negeri 1 Muara Padang, SMA Muhammadiyah Muara Padang, SMA Negeri 1 Air Saleh, SMA Bhakti Bangsa Air Saleh, and SMA Negeri 2 Muara Sugihan and we used questionnaire.We found that 1) there is significant influence between the principal's leadership and the teachers' performance; 2) there is significant influence between the academic supervision and the teachers' performance; 3) there is significant influence between the professional competence and the teachers' performance; and 4) there is a significant influence of principal's leadership, academic supervision, and professional competence simultaneously to teachers' performance.

Mathematical learning based on ethnomathematics applying local culture can change the perception of the society about the applications of mathematics in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to describe the increase in high school students' cognitive level through the implementation of realistic mathematics learning model based on ethnomathematics in Bengkulu. This study was an assessment phase of development research employing a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design with students' initial performance being controlled. There were three main findings of this study. First, mathematical understanding of students taught using realistic mathematics learning was higher than those who taught using the conventional method (the learning materials in both groups was non-ethnomathematics oriented). Second, mathematical understanding of students learned the ethnomathematics oriented materials was higher than those learned non-ethnomathematics oriented materials (realistic mathematics learning applied in both groups). Third, mathematical understanding of students who learned the ethnomathematics oriented materials was lower compared to the students learned the non-ethnomathematics materials (the conventional learning method applied in both groups).

Pandanus tectorius fruits have been used as major food in Micronesia, but not fully exploited in South East Asia. In Malaysia and Indonesia, P. tectorius fruit is wasted and still not utilized either as a source of food as well as for research. The aims of the present study were to determine the phytochemical content, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and cytotoxicity properties of cores and keys parts of P . tectorius fruits extracts against some normal (RAW and L-6) and cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7). Samples were collected from Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, Malaysia. Extracts were obtained by successive extraction using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The antibacterial activity was performed by disk diffusion method against gram positive ( Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus ) and gram negative ( Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) bacteria. Actives extract was continued for antibacterial kinetic study. The TPC and antioxidant were analyzed by Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis result confirmed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoid, steroids, saponins and glycosides as chemical constituents in P. tectorius fruits extract. It was supported by high TPC content in this extracts. The ethyl acetate extract from cores part (PEC) showed the highest antioxidant capacity (IC 50 = 0.8 ± 0.20 mg/mL), while ethyl acetate extract from keys part (PEK) displayed highest antibacterial activity with inhibition zone of 10–15 mm, but less strong inhibition as compared to the investigated commercial antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, gentamycin, and tetracycline). Antibacterial kinetic study was further proven that PEK has good antibacterial activity. Moreover, cytotoxicity study revealed that all of extracts did not have any cytotoxic activity against all selected cell lines (IC 50 value > 30 μg/mL). Result founded that both keys and core parts of P. tectorius fruits were found to be rich by phenolics content and potent as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Since it is not toxic against selected cell lines, the mechanism study on antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerosis could be carried out.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that a business incubation/incubator program is an enterprise development strategy, aimed at accelerating the process of formation, development, survivability and growth of new enterprises by providing those new enterprises (clients) with a wide range of business assistance including physical facilities, business counselling and networking. This paper presents results of a research conducted to investigate the level of satisfaction/dissatisfaction of the clients with the provision of those assistance services. Design/methodology/approach In this paper the level of clients' satisfaction/dissatisfaction with a service is calculated using a proposed framework in terms of the mean difference between the importance of the service and the effectiveness of incubator management in providing the respective service as perceived by the clients. Findings The results in this paper indicate that clients were generally more satisfied with facility related services than the counselling and business networking assistances services. However, there are significant differences between the perceived importance attached to a number of facility related services and the effectiveness of those services, suggesting a variation of the level of clients' satisfaction. Originality/value These findings have important implications for the management of business incubation programs, which are highlighted in this paper.