Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

J L Murray, Christopher; Y. Aravkin, Aleksandr; Zheng, Peng; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja; Abbasi‐Kangevari, Mohsen; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahı, Mohammad; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Hussein Abegaz, Kedir; Abolhassani, Hassan; Aboyans, Victor; Guimarães Abreu, Lucas; R.M. Abrigo, Michael; Abualhasan, Ahmed; J. Abu‐Raddad, Laith; Ibrahim Abushouk, Abdelrahman; Adabi, Maryam; Adekanmbi, Victor; M. Adeoye, Abiodun; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Adham, Davoud; M Advani, Shailesh; Agarwal, Gina; Mohammad Kazem Aghamir, Seyed; Agrawal, Anurag; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Beshir Ahmed, Muktar; Yihunie Akalu, Temesgen; Akinyemi, Rufus; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akombi-Inyang, Blessing; Joyqueenet Akunna, Chisom; Alahdab, Fares; Al‐Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Samiah; Alam, Shazia; Alanezi, Fahad; M Alanzi, Turki; wassihun Alemu, Biresaw; F. AlHabib, Khalid; Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Saqib; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Alinia, Cyrus; Alipour, Vahid; Alizade, Hesam; Mohamed Aljunid, Syed; Alla, François; Allebeck, Peter; Almasi‐Hashiani, Amir; M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Hesham; Alonso, Jordi; A Altirkawi, Khalid; Amini‐Rarani, Mostafa; Amiri, Fatemeh; A Amugsi, Dickson; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; A Anderson, Jason; Liliana Andrei, Cătălina; Andrei, Tudorel; Angus, Colin; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansari, Fereshteh; Ansari‐Moghaddam, Alireza; Cosimo Antonazzo, Ippazio; Abelardo T Antonio, Carl; M Antony, Catherine; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anvari, Davood; Anwer, Razique; Christopher Yaw Appiah, Seth; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab‐Zozani, Morteza; Ariani, Filippo; Armoon, Bahram; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arzani, Afsaneh; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran; A. Asadi‐Pooya, Ali; Ashbaugh, Charlie; Assmus, Michael; Atafar, Zahra; Debalkie Atnafu, Desta; Atout, Maha; Ausloos, Floriane; Ausloos, Marcel; Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz; Ayano, Getinet; Amogre Ayanore, Martin; Azari, Samad; Azarian, Ghasem; Nigussie Azene, Zelalem; Badawi, Alaa; Badiye, Ashish; Amin Bahrami, Mohammad; Hossein Bakhshaei, Mohammad; Bakhtiari, Ahad; M Bakkannavar, Shankar; Baldasseroni, Alberto; Ball, Kylie; H. Ballew, Shoshana; Balzi, Daniela; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Srikanta; Bante, Agegnehu; Gebreegziabher Baraki, Adhanom; Barker‐Collo, Suzanne; Bärnighausen, Till; H. Barrero, Lope; M Barthelemy, Celine; Barua, Lingkan; Basu, Sanjay; T. Baune, Bernhard; Bayati, Mohsen; S. Becker, Jacob; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Béjot, Yannick; L Bell, Michellr; B Bennitt, Fiona; M. Benseñor, Isabela; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; E. Berman, Adam; Srikanth Bhagavathula, Akshaya; Reshmi, Bhageerathy; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; A Bhutta, Zulfiqar; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Muhammad; Biondi, Antonio; Minuye Birhane, Binyam; Bisignano, Catherine; Kishore Biswas, Raaj; Bitew, Helen; Bohlouli, Somayeh; Bohluli, Mehdi; S Boon-Dooley, Alexandra; Borges, Guilherme; Maria Borzì, Antonio; Borzouei, Shiva; Bosetti, Cristina; Boufous, Soufiane; Braithwaite, Dejana; J. K. Breitborde, Nicholas; Breitner, Susanne; Brenner, Hermann; Svitil Briant, Paul; Briko, Andrey; И. Брико, Н.; B. Britton, Gabrielle; Bryazka, Dana; R Bumgarner, Blair; Burkart, Katrin; T. Burnett, Richard; Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath; A Butt, Zahid; Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Florentino; E. Cahill, Leah; LA Alberto Cámera, Luis; Campos‐Nonato, Ismael; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Jesús Carrero, Juan; Carvalho, Félix; Maurício Castaldelli-Maia, João; A Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; Castelpietra, Giulio; Castro, Franz; Causey, Kate; R. Cederroth, Christopher; Cercy, Kelly; Cerin, Ester; Singh Chandan, Joht; Chang, Kai‐Lan; Charlson, Fiona; Kumar Chattu, Vijay; Chaturvedi, Sarika; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Chimed‐Ochir, Odgerel; Cho, Daniel; Jasmine Choi, Jee-Young; Christensen, Hanne; Chu, Dinh‐Toi; T. Chung, Michael; Chung, Sheng‐Chia; Cicuttini, Flavia; G Ciobanu, Liliana; Círillo, Massimo; Claßen, Thomas; J. Cohen, Aaron; Compton, Kelly; R. Cooper, Owen; Marisa Costa, Vera; Cousin, Ewerton; G. Cowden, Richard; H. Cross, Di; A Cruz, Jessica; M A Dahlawi, Saad; Damasceno, Albertino; Damiani, Giovanni; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; James Dangel, William; Danielsson, Anna‐Karin; I. Dargan, Paul; Mohammad Darwesh, Aso; Daryani, Ahmad; K Das, Jai; Das Gupta, Rajat; das Neves, José; Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio; Virgil Daviţoiu, Dragoş; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; N. DeLang, Marissa; P Dellavalle, Robert; Mekonnen Demeke, Feleke; Teklemariam Demoz, Gebre; Getnet Demsie, Desalegn; Denova‐Gutiérrez, Edgar; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Prasad Dhungana, Govinda; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Dias da Silva, Diana; Díaz, Daniel; Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra; Djalalinia, Shirin; Do, Hoa; Докова, Клара; Dorostkar, Fariba; Doshmangir, Leila; Driscoll, Tim; Bartholow Duncan, Bruce; Rodrigues Durães, André; Wilder Eagan, Arielle; Edvardsson, David; El Nahas, Nevine; El Sayed, Iman; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbarazi, Iffat; Y. Elgendy, Islam; I El-Jaafary, Shaimaa; Elyazar, Iqbal; Emmons‐Bell, Sophia; E Erskine, Holly; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeilnejad, Saman; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Etemadi, Arash; Esaiyas Etisso, Atkilt; Fanzo, Jessica; Farahmand, Mohammad; Fareed, Mohammad; Faridnia, Roghiyeh; Farioli, Andrea; Faro, André; Faruque, Mithila; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fattahi, Nazir; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; L. Feigin, Valery; Feldman, Rachel; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed‐Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Ferrara, Giannina; J Ferrari, Alize; L. Ferreira, Manuela; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; L. Fisher, James; Sório Flor, Luísa; A Foigt, Nataliya; Oluwátóyìn Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́; Alekseevich Fomenkov, Artem; M Force, Lisa; Foroutan, Masoud; C. Franklin, Richard; Freitas, Marisa; Fu, Weijia; Fukumoto, Takeshi; M. Furtado, João; M. Gad, Mohamed; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Gallus, Silvano; L. García‐Basteiro, Alberto; M. Gardner, William; Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Biniyam; Ayalew Gebreslassie, Assefa; Geremew, Abraham; Gershberg Hayoon, Anna; W. Gething, Peter; Ghadimi, Maryam; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghamari, Farhad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghiasvand, Hesam; Ghith, Nermin; Gholamian, Asadollah; Ghosh, Rakesh; Gill, Paramjit; G. Ginindza, Themba; Giussani, Giorgia; V. Gnedovskaya, E.; Goharinezhad, Salime; Vali Gopalani, Sameer; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goudarzi, Houman; C. Goulart, Alessandra; Greaves, Felix; Grivna, Michal; Grosso, Giuseppe; Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Mohammed; C. Gugnani, H.; Alves Guimarães, Rafael; Abdi Guled, Rashid; Guo, Gaorui; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Tarun; Haddock, Beatrix; Hafezi‐Nejad, Nima; Hafiz, Abdul; Haj‐Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj‐Mirzaian, Arya; J. Hall, Brian; Halvaei, Iman; R Hamadeh, Randah; Hamidi, Samer; S. Hammer, Melanie; J. Hankey, Graeme; Haririan, Hamidreza; María Haro, Josep; I Hasaballah, Ahmed; Mehedi Hasan, Md.; Hasanpoor, Edris; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Havmoeller, Rasmus; I Hay, Simon; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari‐Soureshjani, Reza; Henrikson, Hannah; E Herbert, Molly; Herţeliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; R. Hird, Thomas; W. Hoek, Hans; Holla, Ramesh; Hoogar, Praveen; Chak Ho, Hung; Hossain, Naznin; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Hsaïri, Mohamed; Chia‐Rong Hsieh, Vivian; Hu, Guoqing; Hu, Kejia; Huda, Tanvir; Humayun, Ayesha; Huynh, Chantal; Hwang, Bing‐Fang; C Iannucci, Vincent; Emmanuel Ibitoye, Segun; Ikeda, Nayu; S Ikuta, Kevin; Stephen Ilesanmi, Olayinka; Ilić, Irena; Ilić, Milena; Raja Inbaraj, Leeberk; Ippolito, Helen; Iqbal, Usman; Sina Naghibi Irvani, Seyed; Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Caleb; Mofizul Islam, M; Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sheikh; Iso, Hiroyasu; Ivers, Rebecca; C D Iwu, Chidozie; Juliana Iwu, Chinwe; Iyamu, Ihoghosa; Jaafari, Jalil; H. Jacobsen, Kathryn; Jafari, Hussain; Jafarinia, Morteza; Ali Jahani, Mohammad; Jakovljević, Mihajlo; Jalilian, Farzad; L James, Spencer; Janjani, Hosna; Javaheri, Tahereh; Javidnia, Javad; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Prakash Jha, Ravi; Jha, Vivekanand; S. Ji, John; Johansson, Lars; John, Oommen; O. John-Akinola, Yetunde; O. Johnson, Catherine; B. Jonas, Jost; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jerzy Jozwiak, Jacek; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kalani, Hamed; Kalani, Rizwan; R Kalankesh, Leila; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kapoor, Neeti; Karami Matin, Behzad; Karch, André; Anisul Karim, Mohd; Mullu Kassa, Getachew; Vittal Katikireddi, Srinivasa; A Kayode, Gbenga; Kazemi Karyani, Ali; Njenga Keiyoro, Peter; Keller, Cathleen; Kemmer, Laura; Kendrick, Parkes; Khalid, Nauman; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Ahmad Khan, Ejaz; Khan, Maseer; Khatab, Khaled; M Khater, Mona; Nazli Khatib, Mahalaqua; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Khazaei, Salman; Kieling, Christian; Jin Kim, Yun; W Kimokoti, Ruth; Kısa, Adnan; Kısa, Sezer; Kivimäki, Mika; D. Knibbs, Luke; Kristin Knudsen, Ann; Kocarnik, Jonathan; Kochhar, Sonali; A Kopec, Jacek; Andreevich Korshunov, Vladimir; A Koul, Parvaiz; Koyanagi, Ai; U. G. Kraemer, Moritz; Krishan, Kewal; J Krohn, Kris; Kromhout, Hans; Kuate Defo, Barthélémy; Anil Kumar, G; Kumar, Vivek; Kurmi, Om; Kusuma, Dian; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Kumar Lal, Dharmesh; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lami, Faris; Landires, Iván; Lang, Justin; Langan, Sinéad; Larsson, Anders; Lasrado, Savita; Lauriola, Paolo; V. Lazarus, Jeffrey; H. Lee, Paul; Wen Huey Lee, Shaun; E LeGrand, Kate; Leigh, James; Leonardi, Matilde; Lescinsky, Haley; Leung, Janni; Levi, Miriam; Li, Shanshan; Lim, Lee‐Ling; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Simin; Liu, Yang; Lo, Justin; D Lopez, Alan; D Lopez, Alan; D Lopukhov, Platon; Lorkowski, Stefan; A. 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doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30752-2

Public

Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Published in The Lancet • Oct 1, 2020

Authors:

Christopher J L Murray

Aleksandr Y. Aravkin

Peng Zheng

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and R...

Subject

Medicine

Environmental health

Relative risk

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