Balıkesir University

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Magnesium is an essential mineral for many metabolic functions. There is very little information on the effect of magnesium supplementation on metabolic profiles of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of magnesium supplementation on metabolic profiles of pre-diabetic, obese and mild-to-moderate CKD patients with hypomagnesemia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 128 hypomagnesemic, pre-diabetic and obese patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 90 and 30 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients in the magnesium group received 365 mg of oral magnesium (<i>n</i> = 57) once daily for 3 months, while patients in the control group received a placebo (<i>n</i> = 61), also once daily for 3 months. Hypomagnesemia is defined by a serum magnesium level <1.8 mg/dl in males and <1.9 mg/dl in females; obesity is defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; and pre-diabetes is defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥100 but <126 mg/dl. The primary end point of the study was the change in insulin resistance measured by the homeostastic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). <b><i>Results:</i></b> At the end of follow-up, insulin resistance (-24.5 vs. -8.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.007), HOMA-IR index (-31.9 vs. -3.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (-6.6 vs. -0.16%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), insulin (-29.6 vs. -2.66%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), waist circumference (-4.8 vs. 0.55%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and uric acid (-0.8 vs. 2.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.004) were significantly decreased in terms of mean changes; albumin (0.91 vs. -2.91%, <i>P</i> = 0.007) and magnesium (0.21 ± 0.18 vs. -0.04 ± 0.05 mg/dl, <i>P</i> < 0.001) were significantly increased in those taking magnesium compared with a placebo. The decrease in metabolic syndrome (-10.5 vs. -4.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.183), obesity (-15.7 vs. -8.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.131), pre-diabetes (-17.5 vs. -9.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.140), and systolic (-5.0 ± 14.8 vs. 0.22 ± 14.9 mm Hg, <i>P</i> = 0.053) and diastolic (-3.07 ± 9.7 vs. 0.07 ± 9.6 mm Hg, <i>P</i> = 0.071) blood pressure did not achieve to a significant level after study. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our data support the argument that magnesium supplementation improves the metabolic status in hypomagnesemic CKD patients with pre-diabetes and obesity.

Significance We sequenced the genome and transcriptomes of the wild olive (oleaster). More than 50,000 genes were predicted, and evidence was found for two relatively recent whole-genome duplication events, dated at approximately 28 and 59 Mya. Whole-genome sequencing, as well as gene expression studies, provide further insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis, and will aid future studies aimed at further increasing the production of olive oil, which is a key ingredient of the healthy Mediterranean diet and has been granted a qualified health claim by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Epidemiological studies reported adverse effects of air pollution on the prevalence of respiratory diseases in children. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between air pollution and admissions for asthma and other respiratory diseases among children who were younger than 15 yr of age. The study used data on respiratory hospital admissions and air pollutant concentrations, including thoracic particulate matter (PM(10)), fine (PM(2.5)), and coarse (PM(10-2.5)) particulate matter in Zonguldak, Turkey. A bidirectional case-crossover design was used to calculate odds ratios for the admissions adjusted for daily meteorological parameters. Significant increases were observed for hospital admissions in children for asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and upper (UPRD) and lower (LWRD) respiratory diseases. All fraction of PM in children showed significant positive associations with asthma admissions. The highest association noted was 18% rise in asthma admissions correlated with a 10-microg/m(3) increase in PM(10-2.5) on the same day of admissions. The adjusted odds ratios for exposure to PM(2.5) with an increment of 10 microg/m(3) were 1.15 and 1.21 for asthma and allergic rhinitis with asthma, respectively. PM(10) exerted significant effects on hospital admissions for all outcomes, including asthma, AR, UPRD, and LWRD. Our study suggested a greater effect of fine and coarse PM on asthma hospital admissions compared with PM(10) in children.

Bu çalışmanın amacı akademisyenlerin güçlendirme algıları ve onların performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın verileri 13 kamu üniversitesinde görev yapan 403 akademisyenden toplanmış ve bu akademisyenler tesadüfi olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan faktör analizi sonuçları güçlendirmenin anlam-yetkinlik, özerklik ve etki olmak üzere üç faktörde toplandığını göstermektedir. İkinci aşamada ise güçlendirme algıları ve performans arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesinde çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmış ve anlam-yetkinlik boyutunun, performansın en önemli belirleyicisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD (Stages 3-5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study, involving hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 47 centres in Turkey. Patients with CKD Stages 3-5, chronic HD and RT were compared with patients who had COVID-19 but no kidney disease. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory tests, COVID-19 treatments and outcome [in-hospital mortality and combined in-hospital outcome mortality or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)] were compared. RESULTS: A total of 1210 patients were included [median age, 61 (quartile 1-quartile 3 48-71) years, female 551 (45.5%)] composed of four groups: control (n = 450), HD (n = 390), RT (n = 81) and CKD (n = 289). The ICU admission rate was 266/1210 (22.0%). A total of 172/1210 (14.2%) patients died. The ICU admission and in-hospital mortality rates in the CKD group [114/289 (39.4%); 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.9-45.2; and 82/289 (28.4%); 95% CI 23.9-34.5)] were significantly higher than the other groups: HD = 99/390 (25.4%; 95% CI 21.3-29.9; P < 0.001) and 63/390 (16.2%; 95% CI 13.0-20.4; P < 0.001); RT = 17/81 (21.0%; 95% CI 13.2-30.8; P = 0.002) and 9/81 (11.1%; 95% CI 5.7-19.5; P = 0.001); and control = 36/450 (8.0%; 95% CI 5.8-10.8; P < 0.001) and 18/450 (4%; 95% CI 2.5-6.2; P < 0.001). Adjusted mortality and adjusted combined outcomes in CKD group and HD groups were significantly higher than the control group [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) CKD: 2.88 (1.52-5.44); P = 0.001; 2.44 (1.35-4.40); P = 0.003; HD: 2.32 (1.21-4.46); P = 0.011; 2.25 (1.23-4.12); P = 0.008), respectively], but these were not significantly different in the RT from in the control group [HR (95% CI) 1.89 (0.76-4.72); P = 0.169; 1.87 (0.81-4.28); P = 0.138, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CKDs, including Stages 3-5 CKD, HD and RT, have significantly higher mortality than patients without kidney disease. Stages 3-5 CKD patients have an in-hospital mortality rate as much as HD patients, which may be in part because of similar age and comorbidity burden. We were unable to assess if RT patients were or were not at increased risk for in-hospital mortality because of the relatively small sample size of the RT patients in this study.

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.

The aim of this paper is to present the design and application of an electrooculogram (EOG) based on an efficient human-computer interface (HCI). Establishing an alternative channel without speaking and hand movements is important in increasing the quality of life for the handicapped. EOG-based systems are more efficient than electroencephalogram (EEG)-based systems in some cases. By using a realized virtual keyboard, it is possible to notify in writing the needs of the patient in a relatively short time. Considering the biopotential measurement pitfalls, the novel EOG-based HCI system allows people to successfully communicate with their environment by using only eye movements. Classifying horizontal and vertical EOG channel signals in an efficient interface is realized in this study. The new system is microcontroller based, with a common-mode rejection ratio of 88 dB, an electronic noise of 0.6 μV (p-p), and a sampling rate of 176 Hz. The nearest neighborhood algorithm is used to classify the signals, and the classification performance is 95%. The novel EOG-based HCI system allows people to successfully and economically communicate with their environment by using only eye movements.

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological resilience, burnout, stress, and sociodemographic factors with depression in nurses and midwives during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. DESIGN AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 377 midwives and nurses. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression in midwives and nurses in our sample was 31.8%. In the logistic regression analysis, the risk of depression in midwives was 1.92 times higher than that of nurses. A high perceived stress score increased the risk of depression by 1.16 times, and a high emotional exhaustion score increased the risk of depression by 1.11 times. A high psychological resilience score was found to be protective against depression (<0.001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results showed that one-third of midwives and nurses had symptoms of depression.

OBJECTIVES: Red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of red blood cell size heterogeneity, was evaluated in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). BACKGROUND: Higher RDW is associated with mortality in patients with symptomatic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and also in the general population. We hypothesized that admission RDW would be predictive of adverse outcomes in patients after primary PCI. METHODS: Two thousand five hundred and six consecutive STEMI patients (mean age 56.6±11.8 years; 2075 males, 431 females) undergoing primary PCI were retrospectively enrolled into this study. Admission RDW was measured as part of the automated complete blood count. Patients were grouped as elevated or nonelevated RDW using the upper limit of normal value of 14.8% and were followed for in-hospital and long-term outcomes for a mean period of 1.8±1.3 years (median 21 months). RESULTS: A higher in-hospital mortality rate was observed among patients with elevated admission RDW (mean 16.1±1.6%) compared with those with nonelevated RDW (mean 13.4±0.8%) (7.6 vs. 3.6%, P<0.001). The long-term cardiovascular prognosis was worse for patients with elevated admission RDW (Kaplan-Meier, log-rank P<0.001). We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between RDW and adverse clinical outcomes. After discharge, there were 129 deaths during follow-up. A significant association was noted between elevated admission RDW level and the adjusted risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio: 1.831, 95% confidence interval: 1.034-3.24, P=0.03). In addition, elevated admission RDW was also an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the nonanemic subpopulation of patients (hazard ratio: 2.703, 95% confidence interval: 1.208-6.048, P=0.016). CONCLUSION: A high admission RDW level in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI was associated with increased risk for in-hospital and long-term cardiovascular mortality.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of internal factors (e.g. attitudes towards computers and internet, self-confidence, and knowledge) and external factors (perceived support) on the level of information and communication technology (ICT) usage. The participants were 1898 pre-service teachers in Turkey. The results revealed that Turkey, like many other developing countries in the world, is in the early phase of ICT integration in education. Most pre-service teachers reported that they use only basic ICT applications for educational purposes. Internal and external factors were found to be related to each other and to ICT usage level. In general, male pre-service teachers’ knowledge and usage levels of ICT were higher than that of female teachers.

We present the results of our experimental and theoretical studies concerning the temperature dependence of electron mobility in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined at the GaN/AlGaN interface. Experimental mobility of 2912 cm2 (V s)−1 at 4.2 K, remains almost constant up to lattice temperature TL = 150 K, it then decreases rapidly down to 1067 cm2 (V s)−1 at TL = 300 K. In order to compare the experimental results with the theory we use a simple analytical formula for low-field electron mobility based on 2D degenerate statistics for a 2DEG confined in a triangular well. We consider acoustic phonon, polar-optical phonon, dislocation and interface-roughness (IFR) scattering. The polar-optical phonon scattering is the dominant mechanism at high temperatures. At low temperatures, however, both the IFR and dislocation scattering explain, equally well, the observed mobility. In reality, however, a mixture of the two mechanisms together with the deformation potential and piezoelectric scattering will determine the low temperature mobility. The experimental results are discussed in the light of the calculations.

Abstract To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L −1 ), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a ) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long‐term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4°C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient‐rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.

AIM: To explore Turkish nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and to investigate the relationship between their perceptions and their demographic/independent variables. BACKGROUND: Nurses' perception of spirituality can directly affect how they behave, deal with their patients and communicate with them in regard to the provision of spiritual care. DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: This study employed a convenience sample of 348 staff nurses from the public hospitals in the west of Turkey. The data were collected with two tools; a 'sociodemographic data form' and the 'Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale' (SSCRS). The response rate was 92% (n = 319). RESULTS: The mean age of the nurses was 31·70 (SD 6·34) years and 22·9% of them had a Bachelor's degree. Among the nurses, 54·98% had ≥ 11 years of clinical experience. The mean score for the SSCRS was 3·21 (SD 0·63) which indicated that nurses' perceptions concerning spirituality and spiritual care were 'uncertain' or 'less clearly' defined. Significant differences were found between nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and their ages (p < 0·05), marital status (p < 0·05) and education levels (p < 0·01). CONCLUSION: The research findings suggest that Turkish nurses' perceptions were indecisive and inconclusive. Nurses' educational level, belief in the evil eye and department of employment appeared to have a positive impact on their perception of spirituality and spiritual care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings will enable nurses to consider the importance of spirituality and spiritual care. Grasping these concepts will enable nurses to become more sensitive in their daily practices of spiritual care.

Abstract This study analysed the level of financial literacy among university students in Estonia, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation and Turkey. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of financial literacy among university students, and to find out the relationship between financial knowledge and demographic characteristics of students. Online survey instrument was used to collect data. 409 fully completed questionnaires were accepted for analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyse of impact of the demographic characteristics on financial literacy. Overall mean of correct answers for the survey was 72.2%. This result represents a medium level of financial literacy about personal finance. Results indicate that male students, business major students, PhD students, those who live in a rental house, those whose parents have high level income, those who get advice on financial matters from their friends, those who took financial course before, those who get financial information about financial issues from university education, and students from Poland are more knowledgeable on personal finance. More financial courses should be provided in university education programmes, which could help more students handle their finances better and improve their financial wellbeing. It should be taken into consideration that in recent years, environmental and technological influences on financial literacy may be more important than parental influence.

The aim of this study is to present electrooculogram signals that can be used for human computer interface efficiently. Establishing an efficient alternative channel for communication without overt speech and hand movements is important to increase the quality of life for patients suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or other illnesses that prevent correct limb and facial muscular responses. We have made several experiments to compare the P300-based BCI speller and EOG-based new system. A five-letter word can be written on average in 25 seconds and in 105 seconds with the EEG-based device. Giving message such as "clean-up" could be performed in 3 seconds with the new system. The new system is more efficient than P300-based BCI system in terms of accuracy, speed, applicability, and cost efficiency. Using EOG signals, it is possible to improve the communication abilities of those patients who can move their eyes.

Universities have made a compulsory shift to distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. All of the higher education instutitions in Turkey have completed 2019-2020 Spring semester using online tools. However, most of these institutions were not fully-prepared to have all of their courses online. Technical inadequencies, lack of qualified online tools, inexperience of instructors and students in distance education have emerged as major issues that instutitions have to face. In addition to all, a new question arised; which approaches will be used for assessment. This study aimed to seek the common assessment approaches used through pandemic, how students perceived the quality of the assessment and the pros and cons of using these practices. Additionally, we examined whether participants’ perceptions about quality of the assessment differ according to interaction with faculty members and use of online tests. Researchers employed survey design to reply four research questions and used a three-part instrument to collect qualitative and quantitative data. 486 students from 61 universities voluntarily participated in the study. Results indicated assignments are the mostly used tools and students are generally satisfied about the quality of the assessment practices. Another result is that students who interact with faculty members are more satisfied with the quality of the assessment practices. This emphasizes the importance of formative assessment and feedback in remote assessment. Further, students who took online tests are more satisfied with the quality of assessment. Suggestions were made for future research.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin acil uzaktan eğitime geçişte yaptıkları çalışmaları incelemektir. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma evrenini Türkiye’deki tüm üniversiteler (208 üniversite) oluşturmaktadır. Her bir üniversite ile ilgili veriler üniversitelerin acil uzaktan eğitim sürecinde görevli kişilerden (UZEM’de ve Bilgi İşlem Dairesi’ndeki görevliler vb.) edinilmiştir. Araştırmada tüm evrene erişilmeye çalışılmış ancak 33 katılımcıya (üniversiteye) ulaşılabilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri bir çevrimiçi anket formu (Google Form) ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre en çok kullanılan öğrenme yönetim sistemleri Moodle ve ALMS’dir. Üniversiteler tarafından en çok kullanılan canlı ders yazılımlarının Big Blue Button ve Perculus olduğu görülmüştür. YÖK’ün derslerin senkron işlenmesini tavsiye etmesine rağmen tüm derslerini senkron olarak yürütebilen üniversite sayısı sadece 6’dır. Üniversitelerin çoğu daha önce kurulu olan öğrenme yönetim sistemi (f=29) ve canlı ders yazılımı (f=24) üzerinden süreçleri yönetmeye çalışmışlardır. Üniversitelerin yaklaşık yarısı öğrencilerin ders devam takibini yapmıştır. Katılımcılar, uzaktan eğitime hazırlık sürecinde öğretim elemanlarının eğitimini en çok zorlandıkları durum olarak belirtmişlerdir.

In the study, the effects of using ultra‐high‐performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) on deflection and curvature ductilities, moment capacities, flexural stiffness, and cracking behaviors of beams were experimentally investigated. Eight singly reinforced beams with four tensile reinforcement ratios (0.009, 0.019, 0.028, and 0.043) were tested under four‐point loading to create a pure moment behavior in the mid region. The evaluations were made by comparing the UHPFRC beams and non‐fiber beams containing UHPFRC matrix without steel fiber. Straight micro‐steel fibers with volumetric ratio of 1.5% were used in the UHPFRC matrix. The results of study indicate that the use of UHPFRC for beams having especially high reinforcement ratios provides significant advantages in terms of the considered parameters. Especially high compressive strength and deformation capacity of the UHPFRC allow the use of high reinforcement ratios in beams which results in more economical sizes as long as the beam deflections ensure for both the serviceability and the ultimate limit states. In this study, however, the simplified numerical approach developed for the flexural design of fiber reinforced concrete was applied to the UHPFRC beams, as well.

The efficacies of 5 widely used dietary supplements were investigated on performance indices, fecal oocyst excretion, lesion score, and intestinal tract measurements in healthy and Eimeria spp.-infected birds by using a comparative model. This study included 2,400 sexed Ross 308 broiler chicks that were equally divided in 2 groups: the infected group, experimentally infected with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. at 14 d of age, and the healthy controls. The birds in both groups were further divided equally into 6 groups, of which one was fed a basal diet and served as control without treatment and the other 5 served as experimental treatments. These 5 groups were fed 5 diets containing preparations of 60 mg/kg of anticoccidial salinomycin (SAL), 1 g/kg of multienzyme (ENZ), 1 g/kg of probiotic (PRO), 1 g/kg of prebiotic (PRE), and 40 mg/kg of an herbal essential oil mixture (EOM). Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed significant improvement in the infected animals, which indicates that dietary supplemental regimens with SAL, ENZ, PRO, and PRE initiated in 1-d-old chicks reduced adverse effects after challenge with coccidiosis; however, chicks that were administered EOM failed to show such improvement. Uninfected chickens showed significant improvement in FCR with supplements SAL, PRE, and EOM, which signifies significant (P < 0.01) infection by supplement interactions for BW gain and FCR. In the infected group, all of the supplements reduced the severity of coccidiosis lesions (P < 0.01) induced by mixed Eimeria spp. through the middle and lower regions of the small intestines, whereas supplementation with SAL or EOM alone was effective (P < 0.01) in reducing oocyst excretion compared with the control treatment. The data indicated that use of these subtherapeutically efficacious supplements (except EOM) in broiler production can lessen the depression in growth due to coccidial challenge.

Alcohols extensively used in internal combustion engines are important renewable and sustainable energy resources from environmental and economical perspectives. Besides, bio production of alcohols decreases consumption of fossil-based fuels. Although there are many studies with regards to the use of lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol in internal combustion engines, there are a limited number of investigations with higher alcohols. Higher alcohols such as propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol are part of the next generation of biofuels, given they provide better fuel properties than lower alcohols. Biodiesel–higher alcohol blends can be used in diesel engines without any engine modification but need to be tested under various engine conditions with long periods in order to evaluate their impacts on engine performance and environmental pollutants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol in waste oil methyl ester (B100) on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine running at different loads (0, 3, 6, and 9 kW) with a fixed engine speed (1800 rpm). Test fuel blends were prepared by adding propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol (10 vol.%) into waste oil methyl ester to achieve blends of B90Pr10, B90nB10, and B90Pn10, respectively. According to engine performance and exhaust emissions results, the addition of propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol to B100 had the effect of increasing brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperatures. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased for B90Pr10 and B90nB10, while B90Pn10 showed a slight increase in BTE as compared with B100. When compared with B100, B90Pr10, B90nB10, and B90Pn10 decreased carbon monoxide emissions at lower loads while it increased slightly at 9 kW load. The decrement in oxides of nitrogen emission was observed at whole loads for B90Pr10, B90nB10, and B90Pn10 compared with B100. When considering all loads, B90Pn10 presented the best mean hydrocarbon emission with a reduction of 45.41%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.