Bharath University

In the present scenario, environmental laws have become stringent towards health, economy and reduction of pollution. The pollution is a result of discharge of various organic and inorganic substances into the environment. The sources of pollution include domestic agricultural and industrial water. Conventional techniques such as chemical precipitation, carbon adsorption, ion exchange, evaporations and membrane processes are found to be effective in treatment of waste and sewage water. Recently, biological treatments have gained popularity to remove toxic and other harmful substances. The objective of the paper is to make comprehensive review including the performance of each technique in treatment of waste and sewage water. The research directions are also suggested based on the review.

Considering a future scenario in which a driverless Electric Vehicle (EV) needs an automatic charging system without human intervention. In this regard, there is a requirement for a fully automatable, fast, safe, cost-effective, and reliable charging infrastructure that provides a profitable business model and fast adoption in the electrified transportation systems. These qualities can be comprehended through wireless charging systems. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a futuristic technology with the advantage of flexibility, convenience, safety, and the capability of becoming fully automated. In WPT methods resonant inductive wireless charging has to gain more attention compared to other wireless power transfer methods due to high efficiency and easy maintenance. This literature presents a review of the status of Resonant Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging technology also highlighting the present status and its future of the wireless EV market. First, the paper delivers a brief history throw lights on wireless charging methods, highlighting the pros and cons. Then, the paper aids a comparative review of different type’s inductive pads, rails, and compensations technologies done so far. The static and dynamic charging techniques and their characteristics are also illustrated. The role and importance of power electronics and converter types used in various applications are discussed. The batteries and their management systems as well as various problems involved in WPT are also addressed. Different trades like cyber security economic effects, health and safety, foreign object detection, and the effect and impact on the distribution grid are explored. Prospects and challenges involved in wireless charging systems are also highlighting in this work. We believe that this work could help further the research and development of WPT systems.

The present work is focused on the synthesize of MgO nanoparticles using combustion method. The magnesium nitrate is used as a precursor with urea as a fuel. The precursor material is dissolved in 50 ml DI water along with the fuel and the solution is heated at 80 °C for 2 h. Then, the solution is transferred to crucible and kept it in the temperature of 500 °C. The as-synthesized MgO nanopowders are analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic studies. The XRD results of MgO nanoparticles indicated the cubic structure with the crystallite size of 27 nm. The FESEM studies indicated the formation of MgO crystallites in spherical shape. In addition, MgO nanoparticles are porous and agglomerated. PL spectrum of MgO materials exhibit emission peaks, which indicates the occurrence of band to band transition with the bandgap of 2.9 eV. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye is evaluated using the as-prepared MgO nanoparticles under UV light. The photocatalytic studies indicate the 75% degradation efficiency of the catalyst after 120 min irradiation. Hence, the MgO Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used for the treatment of effluents from the dye industries.

The alarming effect of antibiotic resistance prompted the search for alternative medicine to resolve the microbial resistance conflict. Over the last two decades, scientists have become increasingly interested in metallic nanoparticles to discover their new dimensions. Green nano synthesis is a rapidly expanding field of interest in nanotechnology due to its feasibility, low toxicity, eco-friendly nature, and long-term viability. Some plants have long been used in medicine because they contain a variety of bioactive compounds. Silver has long been known for its antibacterial properties. Silver nanoparticles have taken a special place among other metal nanoparticles. Silver nanotechnology has a big impact on medical applications like bio-coating, novel antimicrobial agents, and drug delivery systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmaceutical qualities of medicinal plants, as well as a convenient guideline for plant-based silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity.

BACKGROUND: Zinc is a trace element with potent immunoregulatory and antiviral properties, and is utilized in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, we do not know the clinical significance of serum Zinc levels in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of serum zinc in COVID-19 patients and to establish a correlation with disease severity. METHODS: This was a prospective study of fasting zinc levels in COVID-19 patients at the time of hospitalization. An initial comparative analysis was conducted between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. COVID-19 patients with zinc deficiency were compared to those with normal zinc levels. RESULTS: COVID-19 patients (n = 47) showed significantly lower zinc levels when compared to healthy controls (n = 45): median 74.5 (interquartile range 53.4-94.6) μg/dl vs 105.8 (interquartile range 95.65-120.90) μg/dl (p < 0.001). Amongst the COVID-19 patients, 27 (57.4%) were found to be zinc deficient. These patients were found to have higher rates of complications (p = 0.009), acute respiratory distress syndrome (18.5% vs 0%, p = 0.06), corticosteroid therapy (p = 0.02), prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.05), and increased mortality (18.5% vs 0%, p = 0.06). The odds ratio (OR) of developing complications was 5.54 for zinc deficient COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study data clearly show that a significant number of COVID-19 patients were zinc deficient. These zinc deficient patients developed more complications, and the deficiency was associated with a prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality.

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a major cause of persistent and long-term environmental pollution. In this paper, two bacterial isolates Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BSM-1) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BSM-2) were isolated from municipal solid soil and used for polymer degradation studies. The microbial degradation LDPE was analyzed by dry weight reduction of LDPE film, change in pH of culture media, CO2 estimation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy of the film surface. SEM analysis revealed that both the strains were exhibiting adherence and growth with LDPE which used as a sole carbon source while FTIR images showed various surface chemical changes after 60 days of incubation. Bacterial isolates showed the depolymerization of biodegraded products in the extracellular media indicating the biodegradation process. BSM-2 exhibited better degradation than BSM-1 which proves the potentiality of these strains to degrade LDPE films in a short span of time.

The collection of terminologies from text is animportant for several issues, i.e., the future extraction and also summarization of keyword in semantic network. Semantic Ranking is typically performed using statistical data from text. Our proposed strategy develops a semantic chart utilizing understood connections, which depend on semantic relatedness between content hubs and therefore positions hubsutilizing Ranking calculations. This research work focuses only Semantic Rank for keyword mining from text. This method for keywords extraction shows that Semantic Rank makesconstructivelyin the data set.

Objective: Gelatin is widely used biopolymer in various industries due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability properties. In the present study, gelatin was extracted from fish wastes, as an alternative source.Methods: This biopolymer was extracted from the scales of freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. After extraction, the proximate analysis and physico-chemical analysis of the fish scale gelatin were carried out. This functional polymer was also characterized using different analytical methods, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the evaluation of crystalline and surface morphology, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural determination.Results: The scales of L. rohita yield 24% (dry weight basis) of gelatin, indicating this fish species as potential source of gelatin. The proximate analysis determined was low moisture content (4.2%), ash (1.4%) and high protein (90%) content. The result of the study confirms the effectiveness of extraction method used.Conclusion: The fish scales of L. rohita are found to be a sustainable and renewable source of gelatin with desirable functionalities and it is the best alternative for mammalian gelatin in food and other industries.

One of the core issues for robust cryptographic systems is to deal with the rate of diffusion and distribution of keys. We try to strengthen this aspect by increasing the length of block ciphers. We present a new encryption and decryption algorithm for block cipher that supports 27 bit block size. All components in our system are chosen to be based on cellular automata so as to achieve higher parallelism and to simplify the in hardware and software implementation for applications with high degree of security. The main objective of this paper is to increase the complexity by novel schemes of mixing (reversible cellular automata) RCA and (non-uniform reversible cellular automata) NRCA. We apply set of different bit permutation methods for this purpose .This paper establishes the proof for existence of yet another approach for a high quality pseudorandom bit sequences generated by non uniform cellular automata.

ABSTRACT Introduction Functional reconstruction of jaw defects due to surgical resection is a challenge in maxillofacial surgery. The fibula free flap in combination with dental implants has exhibited growing popularity for such reconstructions. This study aimed at evaluating the clinical and functional outcome of dental implants inserted in fibula free flaps and dental implants used for orofacial reconstruction following ablation of tumors. Materials and methods A clinical follow-up study of 10 patients was conducted after oral surgery, who received vascularized fibula bone grafts and endosseous implants for functional jaw reconstruction during a 12-year period. The follow-up protocol included a clinical examination and radiological evaluation and interview using a questionnaire. Information on postoperative recovery after the surgical reconstruction phase and implant placement, type of diet, swallowing problems, speech intelligibility, lip competence, and perceived facial appearance was collected and analyzed. Results The survival rate of fibula free flap was 100%. The survival and success rates of implants placed in the fibula flaps at the end of the follow-up period were 100 and 94% respectively. Conclusion Implants placed in fibula bone grafts have been shown to integrate normally. Surgical reconstruction with vascularized fibula bone grafts followed by placement of dental implants after jaw resection can provide good clinical and functional outcomes for oral rehabilitation with a prosthesis. How to cite this article A riga P, N arayanan V, J ain A R, Philip JM, Nathan S. Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Implant Prostheses in Fibula Free Flaps. World J Dent 2017;8(3):171-176.

Path discovery or routing algorithms are challenging when the nodes are distributed over not on just regular grid like rectangular type but on semiregular grids. Investigations in the study of finite state automata that move about in a two dimensional space are suitable to tackle this context. The model proposed by H. Muller [1] is used here to construct new automaton which can explore the path through obstacles over the grid. This model is to be applied for routing phase for data transmission. The earlier results were shown for static obstacles distributed over integer grid and the automaton in this case was constructed to interact on the rectangular grid location endowed with four neighborhood directional states. In this paper we allow higher degree of neighborhood and mixing the types cells. It has been verified that the finite automaton with number of printing (output) symbols determined by the maximum out degree of a cell in the underlying semi-regular grid can find the target.

Significance Methane from global rice cultivation currently accounts for one-half of all crop-related greenhouse gas emissions. Several international organizations are advocating reductions in methane emissions from rice by promoting intermittent flooding without accounting for the possibility of large emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a long-lived greenhouse gas. Our experimental results suggest that the Indian subcontinent’s N 2 O emissions from intermittently flooded rice fields could be 30–45 times higher than reported under continuous flooding. Net climate impacts of rice cultivation could be reduced by up to 90% through comanagement of water, nitrogen, and carbon. To do this effectively will require a careful ongoing global assessment of N 2 O emissions from rice, or we will risk ignoring a very large source of climate impact.

Wnt/β-catenin (WβC) signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis from the embryonic developmental stages to adulthood. The canonical pathway of WβC signaling is essential for neurogenesis, cell proliferation, and neurogenesis, whereas the noncanonical pathway (WNT/Ca2+ and WNT/PCP) is responsible for cell polarity, calcium maintenance, and cell migration. Abnormal regulation of WβC signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Hence, the alteration of WβC signaling is considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. In the present review, we have used the bibliographical information from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to address the current prospects of WβC signaling role in the abovementioned neurodegenerative diseases.

Exploring unknown terrains demand for the sophisticated algorithms for path planning in case of multi-robot systems. Robots searching for common goals are complicated as they need to avoid collisions. We need to provide paths for all robots which should be collision free and should take less amount of time. Usually these algorithms use square tessellations in this type of investigations, which leads to the lack of variation and enlargement of neighborhood. In this paper we present the construction of a cellular automaton over triangular and hexagonal tessellations and show the complexity for the same. After going through various literatures on robot path planning most don't consider many objectives, like finding shortest path with least time taken and much less waiting time. This paper is unique in a way that apart from hexagonal tessellation we have given a triangular tessellation as well which adds to the efficiency of this paper.

Recommender Systems has been a research hotspot in recent times as an efficient information filtering tool, to filter out useful required information from ever expanding web. The characteristics of social networks play a very important role towards behavioralmodeling of a trust network based Recommender System (RS). Similar to real world, in a social network also, it is important to objectively identify a member with high reputation who is heavily trusted by many members and hence his suggestions and inputs are most trust worthy for the whole community; that is, objective identification of leader is extremely important. In this paper, we propose a method to objectively identify leaders in a social network, we introduce new terms: Leadership score, prominence trust, peer inclusive factor, trust spread factor, trust maturity factor and trust penetration factors to portray a member more appropriately in a social network. We have calculated the leadership score using the real world dataset. Leadership score is taken as a linear additive function of prominence trust, engagement trust and peer inclusive factors with different weightage values. In our experiment, we have considered that leaders not only are followed by others, they are also socially engaged from their end to others in the social network. Prominence trust is a detailed characterization to get more accurate value of trust. Along with overall trust score, it is imperative to analyze more attributes to derive a more objective interpretation of the same. These attributes take care of trust score/reputation over period of time, number of trusting members, peer level interactions and also absolute score. To validate our leadership model in social network, we remove top 5%, 10% and top 20% of the members with high ‘leadership score’ and findout the reduction in the overall interactions. As further improvements to this work, a social network to be built with users and items and collect the data using positive and negative responses; use multiprogramming concepts to determine the optimum function for leadership score. This will aid towards further analysis and fine tuning of the models. Keywords: Data Mining, Recommender System, Social Network, Trust, Web Mining

Real diffusion networks area unit advanced and dynamic, since underlying social structures don't seem to be solely comprehensive on the far side one homogenised system however conjointly often ever-changing with the context of diffusion. Thus, finding out topic-related diffusion across multiple social systems is vital for an improved understanding of such realistic things. consequently, this paper focuses on uncovering topic-related diffusion dynamics across heterogeneous social networks in each model-driven and model-free ways. We discover that the 2 approaches offer similar results however with completely different views that in conjunction will facilitate higher make a case for diffusion than either approach alone. They conjointly recommend different choices as either or each of the approaches are often used acceptable to the important things of various application domains.

&lt;p&gt;The Poisson equation is used to analyze and measure the waveguide in quick and exact calculation of Green's capacity. For this reason, Green's capacity is composed as far as Jacobian elliptic capacities including complex contentions. Another calculation for the quick and precise assessment of such Green's capacity is definite. The principle advantage of this calculation is effectively appeared inside the casing of the Limit Integral Resonant Mode Expansion technique, where a generous decrease of the computational exertion identified with the assessment of the referred to Green's capacity is gotten.&lt;/p&gt;

Two dimensional (2D) graphene and its derivatives modification with nanomaterials for formation of hybrid/nanocomposites undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes which are important for many new switchable device technologies. The feature article deals with a straight forward and versatile technique for the fabrication of semiconductor nanomaterials (CdS and TiO2) nanomaterials dispersed liquid crystals (NDLC) or graphene dispersed liquid crystal (GDLC) by stretching hydrogen bonds (H-) in the precursor droplets between two substrates to form a liquid bridge. Fewer liquid crystals (LCs) possess a conventional oriented nematic phase with optimal performances. Evolving advantages of thin-film nanocomposite materials and switchable devices have fueled several developments in the field of flexible electronics, high contrast ratio smart display and opto-electronics. These advantages have been complemented with the expansion of novel composite materials such as GDLC and NDLC as sensors to monitor the inflammability, explosive nature and toxicity of chemicals. This discussion also delves into the fabrication of graphene assembly polymer nanocomposites dispersed in LCs, the necessity for bio-polymer incorporation and their bio-sensing and antimicrobial applications. Additionally, discussed the issues and challenges associated with understanding and exploiting the potentials of smart switchable devices fabricated by nanomaterials or polymer/graphene hybrid composite matrix. Following substantial development and optimized over decades, a novel mechanism employed in smart switchable devices via GDLC hybrid nanocomposite matrix has been found to offer numerous benefits including being cost-effective, possessing a large area compatibility and large scalability in addition to seamless heterogeneous integration.

A variety of interesting problems arise in the study of finite automata that move about in a two dimensional space. The model proposed by H. Muller [4] is used here to construct new automaton which can explore any labyrinth and escape through the moving or dynamic obstacles inside over the grid. The earlier results were shown for static obstacles distributed over integer grid and the automaton in this case was constructed to interact on the rectangular grid location endowed with four neighborhood directional states. In this paper we allow obstacles moving in discrete steps and verify that the finite automaton with just five printing symbols can escape or find the exit.

Adolescence is a phase of rapid growth and development during which physical, physiological and behavioural changes occur. They constitute more than 1.2 billion worldwide, and about 21% of Indian population. Morbidity and mortality occurring in this age group is mostly due to preventable causes. Young and growing children have poor knowledge and lack of awareness about physical and psychological changes that occurs during adolescence and the ill health affecting them. Existing Adolescent health programmes focus on rendering services like immunization, health education for sexual and reproductive health, nutritional education and supplementation, anemia control measures and counseling. Adolescent health programmes are fragmentary at present and there is no comprehensive programme addressing all the needs of adolescents. Access and availability of health care services are severely limited. Lack of accurate information, absence of proper guidance, parent's ignorance, lack of skills and insufficient services from health care delivery system are the major barriers. Interventions should focus on providing psychological and mental health services and behaviour change communication towards leading a healthy lifestyle, restricting advertisement related to junk food products, awareness creation about reproductive and sexual health, educating parents to prevent early marriage, teenage pregnancy and to counsel their children on nutrition and reproductive health. Universal coverage of Adolescent friendly clinics is highly recommended. To be cost effective, all health services addressing adolescent should come under single programme. This review is intended to create awareness among the stakeholders about the importance of strengthening adolescent health services in order to meet their felt needs.