Délégation Centre Limousin Poitou-Charentes

This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Head and Neck Cancers focuses on glottic laryngeal cancer, which is the most common type of laryngeal cancer and has an excellent cure rate. The lymphatic drainage of the glottis is sparse, and early stage primaries rarely spread to regional nodes. Because hoarseness is an early symptom, most glottic laryngeal cancer is early stage at diagnosis. Updates to these guidelines for 2014 include revisions to "Principles of Radiation Therapy" for each site and "Principles of Surgery," and the addition of a new section on "Principles of Dental Evaluation and Management."

Many cancer survivors experience menopausal symptoms, including female survivors taking aromatase inhibitors or with a history of oophorectomy or chemotherapy, and male survivors who received or are receiving androgen-ablative therapies. Sexual dysfunction is also common in cancer survivors. Sexual dysfunction and menopause-related symptoms can increase distress and have a significant negative impact on quality of life. This portion of the NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship provide recommendations for screening, evaluation, and treatment of sexual dysfunction and menopausal symptoms to help healthcare professionals who work with survivors of adult-onset cancer in the posttreatment period.

Ependymomas are glial cell-derived tumors characterized by varying degrees of chromosomal abnormalities and variability in clinical behavior. Cytogenetic analysis of pediatric ependymoma has failed to identify consistent patterns of abnormalities, with the exception of monosomy of 22 or structural abnormalities of 22q. In this study, a total of 19 pediatric ependymoma samples were used in a series of expression profiling, quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), and loss of heterozygosity experiments to identify candidate genes involved in the development of this type of pediatric malignancy. Of the 12,627 genes analyzed, a subset of 112 genes emerged as being abnormally expressed when compared to three normal brain controls. Genes with increased expression included the oncogene WNT5A; the p53 homologue p63; and several cell cycle, cell adhesion, and proliferation genes. Underexpressed genes comprised the NF2 interacting gene SCHIP-1 and the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-associated gene EB1 among others. We validated the abnormal expression of six of these genes by Q-PCR. The subset of differentially expressed genes also included four underexpressed transcripts mapping to 22q12.313.3. By Q-PCR we show that one of these genes, 7 CBX7(22q13.1), was deleted in 55% of cases. Other genes mapping to cytogenetic hot spots included two overexpressed and three underexpressed genes mapping to 1q31-41 and 6q21-q24.3, respectively. These genes represent candidate genes involved in ependymoma tumorigenesis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time microarray analysis and Q-PCR have been linked to identify heterozygous/homozygous deletions.

Redox active electrolytes in combination with nanoporous carbon electrodes combine high power with high energy storage performance metrics.

A 4D hydrogel allows user-defined stiffening of the cellular environment and presentation of bioadhesive cues in an orthogonal manner using light of different wavelengths.

Electrospinning is a facile technology for the generation of metal oxide/carbon and metal carbide/carbon nanocomposite fibers.

We introduce a molecular toolkit for studying the dynamics in friction and adhesion from the single molecule level to effects of multivalency. As experimental model system we use supramolecular bonds established by the inclusion of ditopic adamantane connector molecules into two surface-bound cyclodextrin molecules, attached to a tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and to a flat silicon surface. The rupture force of a single bond does not depend on the pulling rate, indicating that the fast complexation kinetics of adamantane and cyclodextrin are probed in thermal equilibrium. In contrast, the pull-off force for a group of supramolecular bonds depends on the unloading rate revealing a non-equilibrium situation, an effect discussed as the combined action of multivalency and cantilever inertia effects. Friction forces exhibit a stick-slip characteristic which is explained by the cooperative rupture of groups of host-guest bonds and their rebinding. No dependence of friction on the sliding velocity has been observed in the accessible range of velocities due to fast rebinding and the negligible delay of cantilever response in AFM lateral force measurements.

This paper compares the structure ofAl 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 xerogels prepared with Al 2 O 3 contents ranging from 21 to 75 wt% (13 to 64 mol%). The 47 wt% Al 2 O 3 xerogel (Al/Si ≅ 1) exhibits anomalously low surface area (≅1 m 2 /g) and skeletal density compared with other Al 2 O 3 ‐Si 2 compositions. Based on the results of nitrogen adsorption/condensation, helium displacement, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), we attribute the low surface area and skeletal density (density of the solid phase which is inaccessable to helium) to the formation of closed micropores, whereas the higher surface area materials exhibit a slightly coarser texture comprising open pores with radii of ≅1 nm. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and 29 SI and 27 Al magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MASNMR) indicate no anomalous behavior in the 47% sample on molecular length scales. HRTEM indicates the presence of a small fraction of crystallites which is supported by the SAXS results, but it is unknown if this crystallinity is related to low surface area. Low‐field 1 H NMR spin‐lattice relaxation measurements show that the physical structure of all of the ‘wet’ gels is similar implying that pore closure occurs during drying. Consistent with this idea, gel surface area and density increased significantly when the pore fluid (water) was replaced with a lower surface tension fluid (formamide, dioxane, ethanol. water/surfactant).

Ideal cationic polymers for siRNA delivery could result in its enhanced cellular internalization, escape from endosomal degradation, and rapid release in cell cytoplasm, to facilitate knockdown of the target gene. In this study, we have investigated the ability of an in-house synthesized cationic polyrotaxane to bind siRNA into nanometric complexes. This polymer, which had earlier shown improved transfection of model siRNA (luciferase), was used to improve the cellular internalization of the siRNA molecule with therapeutic implications. In cellular assays, the polymer enhanced the knockdown of a gene involved in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, when the nanocomplexes were compared with free siRNA. The efficacy and cellular non-toxicity of this polymer encourage its further exploitation in animal models of tuberculosis and other intracellular bacterial infections.

Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL) presents with progressive vision loss at 4-7 years of age. Blindness results within 2 years, followed by inexorable neurologic decline and death. There is no treatment or cure. Neuroinflammation is postulated to play a role in the neurodegeneration. The JNCL mouse model demonstrated decreased neuroinflammation and improved motor skills with immunosuppression. Based on this work, a short-term human clinical trial of mycophenolate mofetil has begun, however longer term effects, and whether immunosuppression modulates vision loss, have not been studied. We report a JNCL patient treated with immunosuppressive therapy in whom visual function was comprehensively characterized over 2 years.

The spherical micelles of the carbazole monomer transformed into nanorods in the course of the polymerization. The polymeric nanorods show pH-dependent changes in fluorescence emission and size.

hybrid nanowires (NWs) is effective to reduce both platelet adhesion/activation and bacterial adherence/colonization. The proposed approach allows surface modification of cardiovascular implants which have 3D complex geometries.

DMC nanoparticles target Bfl1/A1 gene in lung macrophages and effective silencing of Bfl1/A1 gene by DMC nanoparticles paves the way for research on alternative treatment strategies for tuberculosis.

We demonstrate that rapid nanoparticle self-assembly is possible in organic solvents if the temperature is above the melting point of the particles' ligand shell. Flow experiments coupled to small-angle X-ray scattering reveal the agglomeration kinetics and agglomerate structures of alkylthiol-coated gold nanoparticles at different temperatures, interparticle potentials, and times. Our experiments allow to discriminate between the effects of long-range and short-range interactions on self-assembly: crystalline agglomerates formed for a wide range of potentials, but only at temperatures where the short-ranged mobility was sufficient. Rapid superlattice formation in less than 3 s was observed for strongly attractive potentials at high temperatures, implying an assembly rate that is sufficient for large-scale material synthesis. Strong attraction between the particles did not impede high-quality self-assembly when short-ranged mobility was provided by ligands above a specific temperature.

In this study, a simple, rapid and inexpensive approach for the screening of heavy metals with photometric reagents was developed based on porous, anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films, with detection limits of 0.45 mg L −1 (Co 2+ ), 0.25 mg L −1 (Pb 2+ ) and 0.59 mg L −1 (Ni 2+ ).

Background: In order to standardize maglev transportation engineering and its operation, the research of maglev transportation technical standards becomes important. Based on the analysis of the growth of rail transit, the acceleration of maglev transportation engineering, the China’s standardization regulation and the maglev transportation technology standardization practice, Aim: This paper proposes the basic principles for establishing maglev transportation standard system and the framework of maglev transportation technical standard system, introducing China’s maglev transportation technology standardization mechanism, its achievements, prospects and experiences. Results: By the end of 2017, China had developed 12 maglev transportation technical industry and provincial standards. Conclusion: There are 12 maglev transportation technical industry standards and social organization standards under development.

A new stress improvement method which reduces tensile stress on inner and outer surface near butt weld joint of piping is described. The procedure of this method is as follows. Circular region on both side of the weld line is heated from outside at the same time to make temperature difference between weld line and heating region. The heating region and weld joint do not cool actively after completion of heating. A tensile strain is produced on the inner surface near weld joint to produce plastic deformation by thermal stress when the circular region is heated. The tensile stress after cooling is decreased by this plastic deformation.The authors show the mechanism and effect of this method by FEM analysis. The influence of parameters of this method, such as heating width, heating location and heating conditions (intensity and time), on the residual stress is studied by FEM analysis. This method is actually applied to the weld joints of 4BSch40 (O.D.=114.3 mm, t=6.0 mm), 4BSch160 (O.D.=114.3 mm, t=13.5 mm) and 20B (O.D.=508.0 mm, t=8.0 mm) stainless steel pipe and the change of residual stress is measured. The measured welding residual stress on inner surface near GTA weld joint is more than +200 MPa. The residual stress of inside surface near weld joint decreases and changes to compression after treated by this method in all joints.

The discovery of new chemical reactions remains a central challenge in chemistry, as it still relies heavily on trial-and-error experimentation guided by human intuition. Among such longstanding targets, cubane isomerization has been studied extensively for decades. Here we investigate this reaction using an algorithmic, first-principles strategy for reaction discovery and catalyst optimization. The method integrates automated reaction path exploration, kinetic prediction of product distributions, and virtual ligand-based optimization of catalyst properties to identify catalyst features that favor a target product. Applied to cubane isomerization, the framework revealed overlooked rearrangement pathways and the catalyst characteristics required to realize them. Using these predicted catalyst characteristics as experimental design principles, we confirmed two reactions that had remained hidden for more than five decades without prior empirical optimization.

In this paper, a novel encoding scheme for low-entropy monotonic sources producing geometrically distributed integers is proposed. The approach is based on consecutively transferring the most probable integer onto the unary codes of certain capacity that represent other integers in a canonical way. The length of the codes, which directly determines their capacity, is adjusted according to the properties of the source distribution. In this respect, the proposed method can also be considered an extension of Golomb-Rice coding where the Golomb parameter may become a positive proper fraction. Here, we not only provide the encoding and decoding procedures with a parameter selection mechanism, but also empirically investigate as to how much redundancy occurs for different probabilities of source distribution in comparison to a similar approach in the literature.

A Command Generation Method of Point-to-Point (PTP) control is presented for suppressing mechanical residual vibration and positioning machine load at a designated time. A time domain property of commands to suppress residual vibration is analyzed. This property shows that relation command shapes and vibration are important to suppress residual vibration, and selection of command shape depending on positioning time is necessary to suppress residual vibration. By using this property, concrete command generation methods are proposed. Proposed commands for suppressing residual vibration are formulated simply, and require few computational resources to be generated. Experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed commands.