Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune

Dear Editor, Mindfulness gives a sight to be aware of the present moment-by-moment sensations, emotions, thoughts, and experiences with a non-judgmental attitude.[1,2] Practitioners of mindfulness learn to live in the present moment and not travel in the past or future with their emotional interpretations of events which leads to pain in life. This technique is helpful in patient groups to overcome their depressive feeling, emotions, and behavior.[3-6] Two approaches of mindfulness that are widely evaluated and effective are Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). MBCT and MBSR both are also effective in clinical depression. Practicing it decreases the risk of relapse in depression.[1-3] A, 30 yrs old female, post-graduate, married, Hindu, Hindi speaking, belongs to middle socioeconomic status, and from an urban area came to OPD with her husband for persistent low mood, crying spells, lack of joy in every activity, inability to perform household chores, avoiding others and try to live in her room alone, hopelessness, worthlessness, disturbed sleep and appetite from last three months. She was treated with antidepressants by a Psychiatrist with gradual response and referred for psychotherapy. A detailed interview showed that the patient’s illness was precipitated by her repeated failure to get her desired job. Strained relationships and conflicts with her in-law also contribute to maintaining her problems. Due to her husband’s job, they had to live far away from their native place leading to a sense of loneliness, lack of support, avoidance behavior, and poor motivation for activities. She was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hopelessness Scale of Beck et al.[4] (HSB), and WHOQOL-BRIEF at baseline, after 8 weeks of therapy sessions to understand the efficacy of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and again after a follow-up period of next one month to know the durability of the management [Table 1].Table 1: Shows the pre-, post, and follow-up assessment scores of the patient on BDI, HSB, and WHOQOL-BRIEFHer scores on BDI suggest a severe level of depression at baseline. High on all domains of the hopelessness scale suggests a sense of hopelessness, negative expectations, and low motivation for the future. After intervention and in follow up she showed improvement in depressive symptoms and have hope in her life. Scores on WHOQOL-BRIEF were found low in baseline assessment on all domains. Anxiety and depression contribute to worsening the quality of life of sufferers due to poor support, lack of functioning, poor health, and low mood. Post-intervention scores were suggestive of improved quality of life in the patient which was maintained in follow-up. She improved in all domains of quality of life after intervention. Previous studies supported the result that MBCT provides an improvement in depressive symptoms, relapse prevention, and quality of life in patients with depression.[5-7] Depressive symptoms are colored with lots of negative emotions and cognitions, distorted ways of evaluation of self, others, and events, judgmental thinking, and pessimism. MBCT effectively deals with depressive symptoms. The results propose that depressive symptoms can be healed by disengaging from distorted cognition and restructuring it, increasing attention to the present moment through mindfulness exercises. It is a promising treatment for turning down the severity of depression and improving quality of life. Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Author’s contribution Concept, design, definition of intellectual content, literature search, data acquisition: DK, NS Manuscript preparation: DK, NS. Manuscript editing and manuscript review. DK. Guarantor: DK. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made deep inroads into dentistry in the last few years. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the development of AI applications that are widely employed in dentistry and evaluate their performance in terms of diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and predicting the prognosis of the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature for this paper was identified and selected by performing a thorough search in the electronic data bases like PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of science, and Saudi digital library published over the past two decades (January 2000-March 15, 2020).After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 43 articles were read in full and critically analyzed. Quality analysis was performed using QUADAS-2. RESULTS: AI technologies are widely implemented in a wide range of dentistry specialties. Most of the documented work is focused on AI models that rely on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). These AI models have been used in detection and diagnosis of dental caries, vertical root fractures, apical lesions, salivary gland diseases, maxillary sinusitis, maxillofacial cysts, cervical lymph nodes metastasis, osteoporosis, cancerous lesions, alveolar bone loss, predicting orthodontic extractions, need for orthodontic treatments, cephalometric analysis, age and gender determination. CONCLUSION: These studies indicate that the performance of an AI based automated system is excellent. They mimic the precision and accuracy of trained specialists, in some studies it was found that these systems were even able to outmatch dental specialists in terms of performance and accuracy.

BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0-8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46-2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57-3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0-14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contributed 1·45 billion (1·31-1·61) global DALYs in 2010, increasing to 1·80 billion (1·63-2·03) in 2023, alongside a concurrent 4·1% (1·9-6·3) reduction in age-standardised rates. Based on DALY counts, the leading level 3 NCDs in 2023 were ischaemic heart disease (193 million [176-209] DALYs), stroke (157 million [141-172]), and diabetes (90·2 million [75·2-107]), with the largest increases in age-standardised rates since 2010 occurring for anxiety disorders (62·8% [34·0-107·5]), depressive disorders (26·3% [11·6-42·9]), and diabetes (14·9% [7·5-25·6]). Remarkable health gains were made for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, with DALYs falling from 874 million (837-917) in 2010 to 681 million (642-736) in 2023, and a 25·8% (22·6-28·7) reduction in age-standardised DALY rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DALYs due to CMNN diseases rose but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023. From 2010 to 2023, decreases in age-standardised rates for CMNN diseases were led by rate decreases of 49·1% (32·7-61·0) for diarrhoeal diseases, 42·9% (38·0-48·0) for HIV/AIDS, and 42·2% (23·6-56·6) for tuberculosis. Neonatal disorders and lower respiratory infections remained the leading level 3 CMNN causes globally in 2023, although both showed notable rate decreases from 2010, declining by 16·5% (10·6-22·0) and 24·8% (7·4-36·7), respectively. Injury-related age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 15·6% (10·7-19·8) over the same period. Differences in burden due to NCDs, CMNN diseases, and injuries persisted across age, sex, time, and location. Based on our risk analysis, nearly 50% (1·27 billion [1·18-1·38]) of the roughly 2·80 billion total global DALYs in 2023 were attributable to the 88 risk factors analysed in GBD. Globally, the five level 3 risk factors contributing the highest proportion of risk-attributable DALYs were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), smoking, and low birthweight and short gestation-with high SBP accounting for 8·4% (6·9-10·0) of total DALYs. Of the three overarching level 1 GBD risk factor categories-behavioural, metabolic, and environmental and occupational-risk-attributable DALYs rose between 2010 and 2023 only for metabolic risks, increasing by 30·7% (24·8-37·3); however, age-standardised DALY rates attributable to metabolic risks decreased by 6·7% (2·0-11·0) over the same period. For all but three of the 25 leading level 3 risk factors, age-standardised rates dropped between 2010 and 2023-eg, declining by 54·4% (38·7-65·3) for unsafe sanitation, 50·5% (33·3-63·1) for unsafe water source, and 45·2% (25·6-72·0) for no access to handwashing facility, and by 44·9% (37·3-53·5) for child growth failure. The three leading level 3 risk factors for which age-standardised attributable DALY rates rose were high BMI (10·5% [0·1 to 20·9]), drug use (8·4% [2·6 to 15·3]), and high FPG (6·2% [-2·7 to 15·6]; non-significant). INTERPRETATION: Our findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of global health challenges. Since 2010, there have been large decreases in burden due to CMNN diseases and many environmental and behavioural risk factors, juxtaposed with sizeable increases in DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors and NCDs in growing and ageing populations. This long-observed consequence of the global epidemiological transition was only temporarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The substantially decreasing CMNN disease burden, despite the 2008 global financial crisis and pandemic-related disruptions, is one of the greatest collective public health successes known. However, these achievements are at risk of being reversed due to major cuts to development assistance for health globally, the effects of which will hit low-income countries with high burden the hardest. Without sustained investment in evidence-based interventions and policies, progress could stall or reverse, leading to widespread human costs and geopolitical instability. Moreover, the rising NCD burden necessitates intensified efforts to mitigate exposure to leading risk factors-eg, air pollution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG-including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet this can be only part of the solution. Our response to the NCD syndemic-the complex interaction of multiple health risks, social determinants, and systemic challenges-will define the future landscape of global health. To ensure human wellbeing, economic stability, and social equity, global action to sustain and advance health gains must prioritise reducing disparities by addressing socioeconomic and demographic determinants, ensuring equitable health-care access, tackling malnutrition, strengthening health systems, and improving vaccination coverage. We live in times of great opportunity. FUNDING: Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common clinical condition producing painful ulcerations in oral cavity. The diagnosis of RAS is based on well-defined clinical characteristics but the precise etiology and pathogenesis of RAS remain unclear. The present article provides a detailed review of the current concepts and knowledge of the etiology, pathogenesis, and management of RAS.

BACKGROUND: Timely and comprehensive analyses of causes of death stratified by age, sex, and location are essential for shaping effective health policies aimed at reducing global mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides cause-specific mortality estimates measured in counts, rates, and years of life lost (YLLs). GBD 2023 aimed to enhance our understanding of the relationship between age and cause of death by quantifying the probability of dying before age 70 years (70q0) and the mean age at death by cause and sex. This study enables comparisons of the impact of causes of death over time, offering a deeper understanding of how these causes affect global populations. METHODS: GBD 2023 produced estimates for 292 causes of death disaggregated by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2023. We used a modelling tool developed for GBD, the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to estimate cause-specific death rates for most causes. We computed YLLs as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. Probability of death was calculated as the chance of dying from a given cause in a specific age period, for a specific population. Mean age at death was calculated by first assigning the midpoint age of each age group for every death, followed by computing the mean of all midpoint ages across all deaths attributed to a given cause. We used GBD death estimates to calculate the observed mean age at death and to model the expected mean age across causes, sexes, years, and locations. The expected mean age reflects the expected mean age at death for individuals within a population, based on global mortality rates and the population's age structure. Comparatively, the observed mean age represents the actual mean age at death, influenced by all factors unique to a location-specific population, including its age structure. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 250-draw distribution for each metric. Findings are reported as counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2023 include a correction for the misclassification of deaths due to COVID-19, updates to the method used to estimate COVID-19, and updates to the CODEm modelling framework. This analysis used 55 761 data sources, including vital registration and verbal autopsy data as well as data from surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. For GBD 2023, there were 312 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 3 country-years of surveillance data, 51 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 144 country-years of other data types that were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS: The initial years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused shifts in long-standing rankings of the leading causes of global deaths: it ranked as the number one age-standardised cause of death at Level 3 of the GBD cause classification hierarchy in 2021. By 2023, COVID-19 dropped to the 20th place among the leading global causes, returning the rankings of the leading two causes to those typical across the time series (ie, ischaemic heart disease and stroke). While ischaemic heart disease and stroke persist as leading causes of death, there has been progress in reducing their age-standardised mortality rates globally. Four other leading causes have also shown large declines in global age-standardised mortality rates across the study period: diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, stomach cancer, and measles. Other causes of death showed disparate patterns between sexes, notably for deaths from conflict and terrorism in some locations. A large reduction in age-standardised rates of YLLs occurred for neonatal disorders. Despite this, neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of global YLLs over the period studied, except in 2021, when COVID-19 was temporarily the leading cause. Compared to 1990, there has been a considerable reduction in total YLLs in many vaccine-preventable diseases, most notably diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles. In addition, this study quantified the mean age at death for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and found noticeable variation by sex and location. The global all-cause mean age at death increased from 46·8 years (95% UI 46·6-47·0) in 1990 to 63·4 years (63·1-63·7) in 2023. For males, mean age increased from 45·4 years (45·1-45·7) to 61·2 years (60·7-61·6), and for females it increased from 48·5 years (48·1-48·8) to 65·9 years (65·5-66·3), from 1990 to 2023. The highest all-cause mean age at death in 2023 was found in the high-income super-region, where the mean age for females reached 80·9 years (80·9-81·0) and for males 74·8 years (74·8-74·9). By comparison, the lowest all-cause mean age at death occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where it was 38·0 years (37·5-38·4) for females and 35·6 years (35·2-35·9) for males in 2023. Lastly, our study found that all-cause 70q0 decreased across each GBD super-region and region from 2000 to 2023, although with large variability between them. For females, we found that 70q0 notably increased from drug use disorders and conflict and terrorism. Leading causes that increased 70q0 for males also included drug use disorders, as well as diabetes. In sub-Saharan Africa, there was an increase in 70q0 for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Additionally, the mean age at death from NCDs was lower than the expected mean age at death for this super-region. By comparison, there was an increase in 70q0 for drug use disorders in the high-income super-region, which also had an observed mean age at death lower than the expected value. INTERPRETATION: We examined global mortality patterns over the past three decades, highlighting-with enhanced estimation methods-the impacts of major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to broader trends such as increasing NCDs in low-income regions that reflect ongoing shifts in the global epidemiological transition. This study also delves into premature mortality patterns, exploring the interplay between age and causes of death and deepening our understanding of where targeted resources could be applied to further reduce preventable sources of mortality. We provide essential insights into global and regional health disparities, identifying locations in need of targeted interventions to address both communicable and non-communicable diseases. There is an ever-present need for strengthened health-care systems that are resilient to future pandemics and the shifting burden of disease, particularly among ageing populations in regions with high mortality rates. Robust estimates of causes of death are increasingly essential to inform health priorities and guide efforts toward achieving global health equity. The need for global collaboration to reduce preventable mortality is more important than ever, as shifting burdens of disease are affecting all nations, albeit at different paces and scales. FUNDING: Gates Foundation.

BACKGROUND: The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is quick and easy tests to assess patients' functional mobility. However, its reliability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) has not been well established. The aims of this study were to determine the reliability and minimal detectable change of the TUG test in individuals with doubtful to moderate (Grade 1-3) knee OA. METHODS: Sixty-five subjects (25 male, 40 female), aged 45-70 years, with knee OA participated. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using two observers at different times of the same day in an alternating order. Intra-rater reliability was assessed on two consecutive visits with a 2-day interval. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated to determine statistically meaningful changes. RESULTS: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 - 0.98) and 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 - 0.97), respectively. The MDC, based on measurements by a single rater and between raters, was 1.10 and 1.14 seconds, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The TUG is a reliable test with adequate MDC for clinical use in individuals with doubtful to moderate knee OA.

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary MedicineVol. 26, No. 5 CommentariesPublic Health Approach of Ayurveda and Yoga for COVID-19 ProphylaxisGirish Tillu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Arvind Chopra, and Bhushan PatwardhanGirish TilluAYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.Search for more papers by this author, Sarika ChaturvediDr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pune, India.Search for more papers by this author, Arvind ChopraCenter for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.Search for more papers by this author, and Bhushan PatwardhanAddress correspondence to: Bhushan Patwardhan, AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India E-mail Address: [email protected]AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:11 May 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2020.0129AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookXLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDNA metabarcoding uncovers fungal communities in Zingiberis RhizomaChinese Herbal Medicines, Vol. 6"We are adapting to it because it is within us": The co‐becoming of COVID‐19 in Malawi20 December 2023 | World Medical & Health Policy, Vol. 5COVID-19 Cases and Comorbidities: Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Systems (CAM) for Integrated Management of the PandemicJournal of Herbal Medicine, Vol. 42Traditional Formulations for Managing COVID-19: A Systematic Review Rudra B. 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Arumugam16 November 2023 | Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 0, No. 0Phytoconstituents from Mother Nature against SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19Screening of Natural Antivirals Against the COVID-19 Pandemic- A Compilation of UpdatesCurrent Traditional Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 5Nasal application of sesame oil-based Anu taila as 'biological mask' for respiratory health during COVID-19Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 14, No. 5Overview of COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Management and Prevention in Light of the Indian Traditional Medicine SystemCurrent Traditional Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 4A Paradigm Shift in Public Health: Yoga and Meditation for Prevention30 June 2023 | DIALOGO, Vol. 9, No. 2Scientific rationale of Indian AYUSH Ministry advisory for COVID-19 prevention, prophylaxis, and immunomodulation29 April 2021 | Advances in Traditional Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 2Converging Paths: A Comprehensive Review of the Synergistic Approach between Complementary Medicines and Western Medicine in Addressing COVID-19 in 20206 June 2023 | BioMed, Vol. 3, No. 2Herbal and Ayurvedic Plants as Remedial Approach for Viral Diseases with Focus on COVID-19: A Narrative ReviewCurrent Traditional Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 3Ayurvedic Herbs and Spices: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19The Natural Products Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3Yoga Meets Intelligent Internet of Things: Recent Challenges and Future Directions9 April 2023 | Bioengineering, Vol. 10, No. 4Exploring the Benefits of Yoga for Mental and Physical Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic17 April 2023 | Religions, Vol. 14, No. 4Yoga for COVID-19: An ancient practice for a new condition – A literature reviewComplementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, Vol. 50Traditional Medicine and Global Public Health21 January 2023COVID-19 outbreak… journey of dental care workers: A systematic reviewNational Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 14, No. 1Traditional Medicine and Global Public Health10 September 2023Altmetric attention analysis of Ayurveda and COVID-19 scholarly publications: A comprehensive review of top 50 high-attention publications12 December 2023 | Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 4TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF COVID-19 STRESS SCALES (CSS)31 December 2022 | Karya Journal of Health Science, Vol. 3, No. 3A Novel Smart Belt for Anxiety Detection, Classification, and Reduction Using IIoMT on Students' Cardiac Signal and MSY12 December 2022 | Bioengineering, Vol. 9, No. 12An Ergonomic Design Process of the Functional Clothing for Yoga Sports30 December 2022 | Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol. 30, No. 6Can Yoga, Qigong, and Tai Chi Breathing Work Support the Psycho-Immune Homeostasis during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Narrative Review2 October 2022 | Healthcare, Vol. 10, No. 10Online Yoga and Ayurveda Intervention as Tertiary Prevention of Psychological Comorbidities in COVID-19 Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial18 August 2022 | Annals of Neurosciences, Vol. 29, No. 4An exhaustive comprehension of the role of herbal medicines in Pre- and Post-COVID manifestationsJournal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 296Modeling the relationship between perceived service quality, tourist satisfaction, and tourists' behavioral intentions amid COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence of yoga tourists' perspectives23 September 2022 | Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13Antiviral potential of anthraquinones from Polygonaceae, Rubiaceae and Asphodelaceae: potent candidates in the treatment of SARS-COVID-19, A comprehensive reviewSouth African Journal of Botany, Vol. 35A randomized, controlled, blinded, parallel group, clinical trial to study the role of Ayurcov (AyurCoro3), one day regimen as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 disease management, at dedicated Covid Hospital (DCH) in IndiaComplementary Therapies in Medicine, Vol. 67Efficacy of add-on Ayurveda and Yoga intervention in health care workers of tertiary care hospital during COVID-19: Randomized controlled trialComplementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, Vol. 48The Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment and Management of COVID-196 July 2022Ayurveda research-are we on the right track?Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 3COVID-19 patient with B cell lymphoma co-morbidity managed with co-administration of ayurvedic formulationJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 3Electro-Homeopathy based COVID-19 Safe-home Medical Management Study19 April 2022 | Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol. 22, No. 2Combating the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic through yoga: Recommendation from an overviewJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 2Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complicationsPhytomedicine, Vol. 98COVID-19 Adaptive Interventions: Implications for Wellbeing and Quality-of-Life17 March 2022 | Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13THE ROLE OF HERBAL IMMUNOMODULATORS AS ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR ASYMPTOMATIC AND MILDLY SYMPTOMATIC COVID-19: AN EXPLORATORY CLINICAL STUDY9 February 2022 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical ResearchRespiratory Infectious Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Review of Medieval Unani Medical Literature14 February 2022 | Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol. 22, No. 1Emerging Technological Trends and Advancements in Respiratory Medicine24 March 2022Herbal Immunomodulators and COVID-1918 June 2022COVID-19 pandemic: A pragmatic plan for ayurveda interventionJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 1Influenza like illness related clinical trial on AYUSH-64 requires cautious interpretationJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 1A prospective clinical study of an Ayurveda regimen in COVID 19 patientsJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 1Pathophysiology of Covid-19 and host centric approaches in AyurvedaJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 1Time when a physician turned out to be a patient: A case study on how an Ayurvedic physician cured himself from COVID-19Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 1Modulation of neutrophil (dys)function by Ayurvedic herbs and its potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 infectionJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 1Role of Ayurveda and Yoga-Based lifestyle in the COVID-19 pandemic – A narrative reviewJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 1Welche Behandlungsoptionen wurden von COVID-19-infizierten Yogaübenden als hilfreich empfunden? Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsanalyse29 March 2022 | Complementary Medicine Research, Vol. 29, No. 4Understanding COVID-19 Situation in Nepal and Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Management7 June 2022 | Environmental Health Insights, Vol. 16The effects of yoga-based breathing techniques and meditation on outpatients' symptoms of COVID-19 and anxiety scoresJournal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 3Effect of yoga mudras in improving the health of users: A precautionary measure practice in daily life for resisting the deadly COVID-19 diseaseCOVID-19 and its impact on cancer, HIV, and mentally ill patientsSiddha Medicine and Computer Modeling: A Treasure for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment2 November 2021Theoretical effectiveness of steam inhalation against SARS-CoV-2 infection: updates on clinical trials, mechanism of actions, and traditional approachesHeliyon, Vol. 8, No. 1The Effect on the Immune System in the Human Body Due to COVID-19: An Insight on Traditional to Modern Approach as a Preventive MeasureJournal of Pharmacopuncture, Vol. 24, No. 4Preventive aspect of ayurveda and yoga towards newly emerging disease COVID-1927 January 2021 | Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 18, No. 4AYURVEDIC UNDERSTANDING & PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF COVID-19: AN OVERVIEW15 December 2021 | GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSISThe Future of Medicine: Frontiers in Integrative Health and Medicine28 November 2021 | Medicina, Vol. 57, No. 12The use of integrative therapy based on Yoga and Ayurveda in the treatment of a high-risk case of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with multiple comorbidities: a case report24 February 2021 | Journal of Medical Case Reports, Vol. 15, No. 1A Comprehensive Overview of the Newly Emerged COVID-19 Pandemic: Features, Origin, Genomics, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention25 October 2021 | Biologics, Vol. 1, No. 3Ayurveda approaches to COVID-19 in 2 wave: Lessons learned from practice15 November 2021 | Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health, Vol. 7, No. 2Yoga for Improving Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review15 November 2021 | Eastern Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 23, No. 1Withania somnifera as a safer option to hydroxychloroquine in the chemoprophylaxis of COVID-19: Results of interim analysisComplementary Therapies in Medicine, Vol. 62Withania somnifera attenuates Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)‐induced mortality by inhibiting stress and strengthening the innate antioxidant defence system24 June 2021 | Aquaculture Research, Vol. 52, No. 11EFFECTS OF THE EASTERN MIND-BODY PRACTICES ON MENTAL HEALTH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: WHEN EAST MEETS WEST1 January 2021 | Wiadomości Lekarskie, Vol. 74, No. 11Therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infectionMethods, Vol. 195Some Igbo Indigenous Plants with Anti-COVID-19 Properties27 October 2021In-silico investigation of phytochemicals from Asparagus racemosus as plausible antiviral agent in COVID-1924 June 2020 | Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Vol. 39, No. 14A RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF HERBAL IMMUNOMODULATORS IN BOOSTING THE IMMUNITY AND OVERALL HEALTH OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN COVID-19 WARDS: AN EXPLORATORY, FEEDBACK CLINICAL STUDY7 August 2021 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical ResearchAssociation Between Physical Exercise and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study16 August 2021 | Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol. 12Sars-cov-2 host entry and replication inhibitors from Indian ginseng: an in-silico approach22 June 2020 | Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Vol. 39, No. 12AN APPROACH TOWARDS THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 AS PER AYURVEDA15 July 2021 | International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, Vol. 9, No. 7Novel corona virus (COVID-19); Global efforts and effective investigational medicines: A reviewJournal of Infection and Public Health, Vol. 14, No. 7Candidate Anti-COVID-19 Medicinal Plants from Ethiopia: A Review of Plants Traditionally Used to Treat Viral DiseasesEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 2021The Plausible Role of Indian Traditional Medicine in Combating Corona Virus (SARS-CoV 2): A Mini-ReviewCurrent Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Vol. 22, No. 7Significance of AYUSH: India's first line of defence against COVID-19Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 2Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors identified from Camellia sinensis for COVID-19 prophylaxis: an in silico approach6 October 2020 | Advances in Traditional Medicine, Vol. 21, No. 1Integrative Medicine Treatment in Times of Pandemic Coronavirus Disease? Juan Yang, Dietlind L. Wahner-Roedler, Tony Y. Chon, and Brent A. Bauer16 February 2021 | Medical Acupuncture, Vol. 33, No. 1COVID-19 vaccine: A recent update in pipeline vaccines, their design and development strategiesEuropean Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 892Safety and efficacy of ozone therapy in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients: A phase 1/11 randomized control trial (SEOT study)International Immunopharmacology, Vol. 91A comprehensive review on potential therapeutics interventions for COVID-19European Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 890Randomized controlled trials of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine-based interventions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A bibliometric analysis and review of study designsIntegrative Medicine Research, Vol. 10Traditional medicine is the valuable resource for global healthJournal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 1SARS CoV-2: Progression and treatment protocols – An overviewMaterials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 46Association Between Yogic Breathing Practice With Perceived Impact of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study From India30 November 2020 | Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Vol. 33, No. 120-Week Study of Clinical Outcomes of Over-the-Counter COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment6 July 2021 | Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, Vol. 26Emergence of Ethnomedical COVID-19 Treatment: A Literature Review1 October 2021 | Infection and Drug Resistance, Vol. Volume 14Balancing Healthcare and Economy Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian Experience1 February 2021 | Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, Vol. Volume 14Yoga-based lifestyle intervention as a potential adjuvant in addressing anxiety, fear, depression, and perceived health in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. A pilot studyAYUHOM, Vol. 8, No. 1A holistic care approach to combat the COVID-19 diseaseJournal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol. 10, No. 2Clinical evaluation of Chyawanprash as a preventive measure during the COVID-19 pandemic: An open-label, multicentric, randomized, comparative, prospective, and interventional community-based clinical study on healthy individualsJournal of Indian System of Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 2Effect of Meditation and Breathing Exercises on the Well-being of Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection under Institutional Isolation: A Randomized Control Trial26 November 2021 | Indian Journal of Palliative Care, Vol. 27The Relevance of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Review of the Literature11 December 2020 | Frontiers in Medicine, Vol. 7The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Relevance of Ayurveda's Whole Systems Approach to Health and Disease Management Unnikrishnan Payyappallimana, Kishor Patwardhan, Prasad Mangalath, Christian S. Kessler, Rama Jayasundar, Anupama Kizhakkeveettil, Antonio Morandi, and Rammanohar Puthiyedath9 December 2020 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 12A review on coronavirus survivability on material's surfaces: present research scenarios, technologies and future directions19 October 2020 | Surface Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 12Pipeline Pharmacological Therapies in Clinical Trial for COVID-19 Pandemic: a Recent Update18 July 2020 | Current Pharmacology Reports, Vol. 6, No. 5The role of Yoga in working from home during the COVID-19 global lockdownWork, Vol. 66, No. 4In the Turkish News: Coronavirus and "Alternative & complementary" medicine methodsComplementary Therapies in Medicine, Vol. 53Blessings in Disguise: Yoga and Meditation during Corona Lockdown31 August 2020 | Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 35Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: An Overhyped Hope5 August 2020 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 8हठयौगिक ग्रंथों में कफ संबंधी दोषों को दूर करने के लिये वर्णित यौगिक विधिया : कोविड-19 महामारी के विशेष संदर्भ में31 July 2020 | Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal, Vol. 16Meditation and Yoga Practices as Potential Adjunctive Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: A Brief Overview of Key Subjects William Bushell, Ryan Castle, Michelle A. Williams, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Deepak Chopra, and Paul J. Mills14 July 2020 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 7AYUSH for COVID-19 managementJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 2Indians vs.COVID-19: The scenario of mental healthSensors International, Vol. 1Preventive strategies to combat infections–a review of traditional practices and Ayurveda concepts1 January 2020 | International Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 3COVID-19: A new horizon for ayurvedaAYUHOM, Vol. 7, No. 2Ayurveda: The promising shelter for the mankind in the wake of COVID-19 pandemicJournal of Ayurveda Case Reports, Vol. 3, No. 1Epidemic containment measures in Unani medicine and their contemporary relevanceJournal of Indian System of Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 2COVID 19 in ayurvedic perspectiveInternational Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 5 Volume 26Issue 5May 2020 InformationCopyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Girish Tillu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Arvind Chopra, and Bhushan Patwardhan.Public Health Approach of Ayurveda and Yoga for COVID-19 Prophylaxis.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.May 2020.360-364.http://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2020.0129Published in Volume: 26 Issue 5: May 11, 2020Online Ahead of Print:April 20, 2020 TopicsCOVID-19Yoga PDF download

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: In the recent years artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized in the field of dentistry. The aim of this systematic review was to document the scope and performance of the artificial intelligence based models that have been widely used in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and predicting the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature for this paper was identified and selected by performing a thorough search for articles in the electronic data bases like Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Google scholar, Scopus and Web of science, Saudi digital library published over the past two decades (January 2000-February 2020). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were read in full and critically analyzed. QUADAS-2 were adapted for quality analysis of the studies included. RESULTS: AI technology has been widely applied for identifying cephalometric landmarks, determining need for orthodontic extractions, determining the degree of maturation of the cervical vertebra, predicting the facial attractiveness after orthognathic surgery, predicting the need for orthodontic treatment, and orthodontic treatment planning. Most of these artificial intelligence models are based on either artificial neural networks (ANNs) or convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CONCLUSION: The results from these reported studies are suggesting that these automated systems have performed exceptionally well, with an accuracy and precision similar to the trained examiners. These systems can simplify the tasks and provide results in quick time which can save the dentist time and help the dentist to perform his duties more efficiently. These systems can be of great value in orthodontics.

Nanotechnology is a new and developing branch that has revolutionized the world by its applications in various fields including medicine and agriculture. In nanotechnology, nanoparticles play an important role in diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapy. The synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi is a novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. Among fungi, Fusarium spp. play an important role in the synthesis of nanoparticles and can be considered as a nanofactory for the fabrication of nanoparticles. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Fusarium, its mechanism and applications are discussed in this review. The synthesis of nanoparticles from Fusarium is the biogenic and green approach. Fusaria are found to be a versatile biological system with the ability to synthesize nanoparticles extracellularly. Different species of Fusaria have the potential to synthesise nanoparticles. Among these, F. oxysporum has demonstrated a high potential for the synthesis of AgNPs. It is hypothesised that NADH-dependent nitrate reductase enzyme secreted by F. oxysporum is responsible for the reduction of aqueous silver ions into AgNPs. The toxicity of nanoparticles depends upon the shape, size, surface charge, and the concentration used. The nanoparticles synthesised by different species of Fusaria can be used in medicine and agriculture.

The worldwide incidence trends of the lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers (LOCPs) need to be updated. This study aims to examine the temporal incidence trends of LOCPs from 1990 to 2017, using the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data to explore sex, age, and regional differences. GBD incidence data for LOCPs were driven by population cancer registries and were estimated from mortality data. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were directly extracted from the 2017 GBD database to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) over the study period. Incidence trends are mapped and compared separately by sex (females vs. males), age groups (15-49, 50-69, and 70+ y), regions (21 geographical and 5 sociodemographic regions), and countries. Among 678,900 incident cases of LOCPs notified in 2017, more than half were lip and oral cavity cancers. From 1990 to 2017, the estimated global incidence for nasopharyngeal cancers decreased dramatically (EAPC = -1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.70 to -1.34), while the incidence for lip and oral cavity cancers (EAPC = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.16-0.37) and other pharyngeal cancers (EAPC = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54-0.71) increased. Higher ASIRs were observed among males than females across all age groups. However, females had larger EAPC variation when compared to males. Population groups aged 15 to 49 y presented the lowest ASIRs, with larger values of EAPC than those aged 50 to 69 and 70+ y. While high-income countries had higher ASIRs with little EAPC variation, ASIRs varied across low/middle-income regions with larger EAPC variations. South Asia and East Asia had the highest ASIRs and EAPC for lip and oral cavity cancers, respectively. In conclusion, the global incidence of LOCPs has increased among females, those aged 15 to 49 y, and people from low/middle-income countries over the study period, excepting nasopharyngeal cancers, which had a decreasing worldwide trend.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Dental implants have emerged as new treatment modality for the majority of patients and are expected to play a significant role in oral rehabilitation in the future. The present study was conducted to assess various factors affecting the survival rate of dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics. In this study, 5200 patients with dental implants which were placed during June 2008-April 2015 were included. Exclusion criteria were patients with hormonal imbalance, patients with chronic infectious disease, patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, pregnant women, drug and alcohol addicts, and patients with severe periodontal diseases. Parameters such as name, age, gender, length of implant, diameter of implant, location of implant, and bone quality were recorded. Data were tabulated and statistically evaluated with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0., IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA. RESULTS: < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Age, length of implant, diameter of implant, bone quality, and region of implant are factors determining the survival rate of implants. We found that implant above 11.5 mm length, and with diameter <3.75 mm, placed in the mandibular posterior region, in Type III bone showed maximum failures.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a healthcare crisis that has led to unprecedented impact on healthcare services. At the heart of the unparalleled crisis, doctors face several challenges in treating patients with COVID-19. The psychological burden and overall wellness of healthcare workers (HCWs) have received heightened awareness, with research continuing to show high rates of burnout, psychological stress, and suicide. Detrimental effects include high rates of infection and death, excessive financial hardships, stress related to known and particularly unknown information, and fear of uncertainty regarding continued impact. Some researchers focused specifically on COVID-19's impact on HCW sleep. Anxiety and stress were significantly increased, leading to negative impacts on both self-efficacy and sleep. Stress is an important factor in drug use. Efforts should be made to explore the factors that are associated with psychological distress, which may lead to symptoms of anxiety, depression, or provoke suicidal ideation, and efforts should be made to control the factors that are modifiable. There needs to be more awareness among doctors and further long-term studies focusing on their mental health as adverse mental health conditions will further affect them as the disease advances.

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise in revolutionising dentistry, spanning, diagnostics, treatment planning and educational realms. This narrative review, in two parts, explores the fundamentals and the multifaceted potential of AI in dentistry. The current article explores the profound impact of AI in dentistry, encompassing diagnostic tools, treatment planning, and patient care. The Part 2 of the article delves into the potential of AI in patient education, ethics and the FDI communique on AI in dentistry. The review begins by elucidating the historical context of AI, outlining its recent widespread use in various sectors, including medicine and dentistry. The narrative delves into the fundamental concepts of AI, which entails developing machines capable of executing tasks that typically necessitate human intellect. In the biomedical realm, AI has evolved from exploring computational models to constructing systems for clinical data processing and interpretation, aiming to enhance medical/dental decision-making. The discussion delves into the pivotal role of AI models in dentistry, such as Large Language Models (LLM), Large Vision Models (LVM), and Multimodality Models (MM), revolutionizing processes from clinical documentation to treatment planning. The narrative extends to the applications of AI in dental specialties such as periodontics, endodontics, oral medicine and pathology, restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, paediatric dentistry, forensic odontology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, and orofacial pain management. AI's role in improving treatment outcomes, diagnostic accuracy, and decision-making processes is evident across these specialties, showcasing its potential in transforming dental care. The review concludes by highlighting the need for continued validation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and regulatory frameworks to ensure the seamless integration of AI into dentistry, paving the way for enhanced patient outcomes and evidence-based practice in the field.

Background and Aims: Artificial Intelligence (AI) beginning to integrate in healthcare, is ushering in a transformative era, impacting diagnostics, altering personalized treatment, and significantly improving operational efficiency. The study aims to describe AI in healthcare, including important technologies like robotics, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), and to investigate how these technologies are used in patient interaction, predictive analytics, and remote monitoring. The goal of this review is to present a thorough analysis of AI's effects on healthcare while providing stakeholders with a road map for navigating this changing environment. Methods: This review analyzes the impact of AI on healthcare using data from the Web of Science (2014-2024), focusing on keywords like AI, ML, and healthcare applications. It examines the uses and effects of AI on healthcare by synthesizing recent literature and real-world case studies, such as Google Health and IBM Watson Health, highlighting AI technologies, their useful applications, and the difficulties in putting them into practice, including problems with data security and resource limitations. The review also discusses new developments in AI, and how they can affect society. Results: The findings demonstrate how AI is enhancing the skills of medical professionals, enhancing diagnosis, and opening the door to more individualized treatment plans, as reflected in the steady rise of AI-related healthcare publications from 158 articles (3.54%) in 2014 to 731 articles (16.33%) by 2024. Core applications like remote monitoring and predictive analytics improve operational effectiveness and patient involvement. However, there are major obstacles to the mainstream implementation of AI in healthcare, including issues with data security and budget constraints. Conclusion: Healthcare may be transformed by AI, but its successful use requires ethical and responsible use. To meet the changing demands of the healthcare sector and guarantee the responsible application of AI technologies, the evaluation highlights the necessity of ongoing research, instruction, and multidisciplinary cooperation. In the future, integrating AI responsibly will be essential to optimizing its advantages and reducing related dangers.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and ranks among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. This analysis aimed to present global CKD estimates using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to inform evidence-based policies for CKD identification and treatment. METHODS: This analysis focused on adults aged 20 years and older over the period 1990 to 2023, from 204 countries and territories. Data sources used were published literature, vital registration systems, kidney failure treatment registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden, including deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool. A comparative risk assessment approach estimated the proportion of cardiovascular deaths attributable to impaired kidney function and estimated risk factors for CKD. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2023, 788 million (95% uncertainty interval 743-843) people aged 20 years and older were estimated to have CKD, up from 378 million (354-407) in 1990. The global age-standardised prevalence of CKD in adults was 14·2% (13·4-15·2), a relative rise of 3·5% (2·7-4·1) from 1990. The region with the highest age-standardised prevalence was north Africa and the Middle East (18·0%; 16·9-19·4). Most people had stage 1-3 CKD, with a combined prevalence of 13·9% (13·1-15·0). In 2023, CKD was the ninth leading cause of death globally, accounting for 1·48 million (1·30-1·65) deaths, and the 12th leading cause of DALYs, with an age-standardised DALY rate of 769·2 (691·8-857·4) per 100 000. Impaired kidney function as a risk factor accounted for 11·5% (8·4-14·5) of cardiovascular deaths. High fasting plasma glucose, body-mass index, and systolic blood pressure were all leading risk factors for CKD DALYs. INTERPRETATION: CKD is a major global health issue, with rising prevalence and increasing importance as a cause of death and as a risk factor for cardiovascular death. A better understating of aetiology, appropriate screening, and implementation programmes are needed to translate advances in CKD treatment into improved patient outcomes. FUNDING: Gates Foundation, Wellcome, US National Kidney Foundation, and US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

[Purpose] The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of isometric quadriceps exercise on muscle strength, pain, and function in knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Outpatients (N=42, 21 per group; age range 40-65 years; 13 men and 29 women) with osteoarthritis of the knee participated in the study. The experimental group performed isometric exercises including isometric quadriceps, straight leg raising, and isometric hip adduction exercise 5 days a week for 5 weeks, whereas the control group did not performed any exercise program. The outcome measures or dependent variables selected for this study were pain intensity, isometric quadriceps strength, and knee function. These variables were measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), strength gauge device, and reduced WOMAC index, respectively. All the measurements were taken at baseline (week 0) and at the end of the trial at week 5. [Results] In between-group comparisons, the maximum isometric quadriceps strength, reduction in pain intensity, and improvement in function in the isometric exercise group at the end of the 5th week were significantly greater than those of the control group (p<0.05). [Conclusion] The 5-week isometric quadriceps exercise program showed beneficial effects on quadriceps muscle strength, pain, and functional disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Social media has played a crucial role in spreading awareness and knowledge about public health; however, it has also been misused for spreading fake news, hatred and creating racism during epidemics and civil unrest. We discuss how social media and societal response to COVID-19 negatively affected its control measures in India and what should be possible corrective measures.

Quorum sensing (QS), the communication signaling network, regulates biofilm formation and several virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen. QS is considered to be a challenging target for compounds antagonistic to virulent factors. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are reported as anti-QS and anti-biofilm drugs against bacterial infections. The present study reports on the synthesis and characterization of Piper betle (Pb) mediated AgNPs (Pb-AgNPs). The anti-QS activity of Pb-AgNPs against Chromobacterium violaceum and the potential effect of Pb-AgNPs on QS-regulated phenotypes in PAO1 were studied. FTIR analysis exhibited that Pb-AgNPs had been capped by phytochemical constituents of Pb. Eugenol is one of the active phenolic phytochemicals in Pb leaves, therefore molecular docking of eugenol-conjugated AgNPs on QS regulator proteins (LasR, LasI and MvfR) was performed. Eugenol-conjugated AgNPs showed considerable binding interactions with QS-associated proteins. These results provide novel insights into the development of phytochemically conjugated nanoparticles as promising anti-infective candidates.

In the final part of this two part article on artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry we review its transformative role, focusing on AI in dental education, patient communications, challenges of integration, strategies to overcome barriers, ethical considerations, and finally, the recently released International Dental Federation (FDI) Communique (white paper) on AI in Dentistry. AI in dental education is highlighted for its potential in enhancing theoretical and practical dimensions, including patient telemonitoring and virtual training ecosystems. Challenges of AI integration in dentistry are outlined, such as data availability, bias, and human accountability. Strategies to overcome these challenges include promoting AI literacy, establishing regulations, and focusing on specific AI implementations. Ethical considerations in AI integration within dentistry, such as patient privacy and algorithm bias, are emphasized. The need for clear guidelines and ongoing evaluation of AI systems is crucial. The FDI White Paper on AI in Dentistry provides insights into the significance of AI in oral care, dental education, and research, along with standards for governance. It discusses AI's impact on individual patients, community health, dental education, and research. The paper addresses biases, limited generalizability, accessibility, and regulatory requirements for AI in dental practice. In conclusion, AI plays a significant role in modern dental care, offering benefits in diagnosis, treatment planning, and decision-making. While facing challenges, strategic initiatives focusing on AI literacy, regulations, and targeted implementations can help overcome barriers and maximize the potential of AI in dentistry. Ethical considerations and ongoing evaluation are essential for ensuring responsible, effective and efficacious deployment of AI technologies in dental ecosystem.

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