École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Normandie

The IoT is pervading our daily personal and professional lives. This article attempts to fill a gap in the field of IoT by investigating the use of wearable devices as a source of innovation in corporate HR policies. Are employees likely to adopt wearable devices to practice self-tracking of their Health or Wellbeing in the workplace? To conduct this research, a survey was administered on LinkedIn, built on the Technology Acceptance Model, the Self-Tracking and Trusting Beliefs variables. Results suggest that several factors may influence the decision of self-trackers to use this new technology in their working environment, highlighting the key role of Self-Entertainment and Self-Design on users’ motivations. We argue that a better understanding of employees’ motivations contributes to improving the adoption rate of these technologies. We suggest that by introducing IoT in the workplace as part of their HR strategy, companies may derive a competitive advantage from their workforce. JEL Codes: I310, M120, O350

L’économie circulaire, nouveau modèle économique respectueux de l’environnement, alternatif à l’économie linéaire, est souvent présentée comme une opportunité de développement soutenable au niveau local, et ses démarches de plus en plus expérimentées dans les territoires, dans un contexte de transition socio-écologique. Cependant, la question de sa territorialité et de ses liens avec le développement durable reste encore scientifiquement non stabilisée. Cet article propose un état de l’art sur le sujet de la dimension territoriale des démarches d’économie circulaire et cherche à évaluer comment elles peuvent constituer une opportunité de développement économique territorial et durable.

This paper presents selected results from the first stage of DAYKE (Daylight Knowledge in Europe), a 3-phase project that investigates the knowledge on daylighting in buildings among architecture students and practitioners across Europe. Subjective judgements from 561 students from 8 architecture universities in the EU, collected through two surveys in 2018. The key findings are: (i) the spatial distribution of comfort and mood in the classrooms varied depending on sky conditions and distance from windows; (ii) the average daylight factor DFm showed a good agreement with subjective judgements on the amount of daylight in a space; (iii) experts and non-experts provided similar judgements on the perception of a daylit environment; (iv) a general lack of knowledge about daylighting metrics, regulations, assessment tools and software was highlighted. Furthermore a difficulty in implementing daylighting into the design practice is also identified.

Research literature on blockchain technology is starting to emerge. Blockchain technology is primarily associated with cryptocurrencies, raising interest in an application in other business sectors, thanks to its characteristics. The decentralized nature of blockchain creates the new concept of a token economy, which can help to trace and valorize intellectual property - one of the essential challenges in co-creation. This paper considers how blockchain technology and tokenization can solve challenges in co-creation projects consisting of large companies, startups and entrepreneurial accelerators. The paper proposes an exploratory analysis based on interviews conducted with French companies and startups. The findings include a framework of (1) challenges, lack of operating rules, trust, and traceability, and (2) the potential benefits of blockchain and tokenization to solve issues that arise. The findings can be useful for both startups and large companies as a starting point for understanding and adopting blockchain technology.JEL Codes: O3, L2

BACKGROUND: The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P) is the fourth iteration of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's REDS program and includes a focus on pediatric populations. The REDS-IV-P Vein-to-Vein (V2V) database encompasses linked information from blood donors, blood components, and patients to facilitate studies in transfusion medicine. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The V2V database is an Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model database. The study period is April 1, 2019 through December 31, 2023. Data from all donors and donations at participating blood centers, all blood components derived from the donations, and all inpatient visits and selected outpatient visits at participating hospitals are included. The database captures all information within patient data domains not restricting data to a preselected subset of medical records. RESULTS: The V2V database contains data from 7 blood centers and 22 hospitals. We project the database will have over 2 billion pieces of information from 1.3 million patients with 20.6 million healthcare encounters. The database will include data on approximately 1 million transfused units and 2.3 million donors with approximately 6.8 million donation visits. CONCLUSION: The REDS-IV-P V2V database is a comprehensive database with data from millions of blood donors, blood components, and patients. A diverse set of data from the encounters are included in the database such that emerging questions can likely be addressed. The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model is an efficient, flexible, and increasingly used common data model. The final de-identified database will be publicly available.

Purpose As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into business practices, understanding its impact on corporate financial integrity has become crucial as well. Therefore, this research empirically aims to investigate the impact of AI adoption on corporate financial misconduct (FM). Design/methodology/approach This study utilizes a novel composite weighted index to measure corporate AI adoption. The dataset comprises China’s A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022 to examine how corporate AI adoption affects FM. Findings Research results reveal a significant negative effect of corporate AI adoption on FM, suggesting that embracing AI-related technologies play a vital role in mitigating corporate unethical financial practices. The mechanism analysis indicates that AI adoption helps reduce managerial myopia and enhances internal controls, thereby curbing FM. Furthermore, heterogeneity results show that the negative influence of AI adoption on FM is markedly pronounced in firms with technically skilled CEOs, operating in the technology sector, and in regions with low marketization levels. Lastly, additional analysis demonstrates that the influence of AI adoption on FM displays a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship, suggesting that moderate AI adoption reduces unethical financial practices, whereas high AI adoption results in a contrary effect. Originality/value This research underscores the potential of AI adoption to advance ethical corporate behavior and strengthen financial governance.

Recent exploration of the Khaybar oasis by the Khaybar Longue Durée Archaeological Project (AFALULA-RCU-CNRS) has led to the discovery of an exceptional Bronze Age fortified site called al-Natah. For the first time in Northwestern Arabia, the characteristics of a third/second-millennium-BCE settlement can be assessed over a large area. Preliminary archaeological survey and soundings have revealed a fortified 2.6-hectares town built around 2400-2000 BCE which lasted until at least 1500 BCE and possibly 1300 BCE-but with possible interruptions-, functionally subdivided into a residential area, a probable decision-making zone and a necropolis. The nucleated dwellings were constructed following a standard plan and were connected by small streets. By comparison with neighboring oasis centers, we suggest that Northwestern Arabia during the Bronze Age-largely dominated by pastoral nomadic groups and already integrated into long-distance trade networks-was dotted with interconnected monumental walled oases centered around small fortified towns. And by comparison with the contemporary situation in the Southern Levant, we also envisage that the archaeological record bears witness to a 'low urbanization' (or 'slow urbanism'), indigenous to North Arabia, evidencing weak but increasing social complexity through the Early and Middle Bronze Ages.

<h3>PURPOSE</h3> We aimed to assess long-term inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) risks in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. <h3>METHODS</h3> We extracted electronic health record data for individuals aged &gt;45 years with COPD from a data repository. The prevalent cohort required a diagnosis of COPD any time during the observation period, and the inception cohort required a diagnosis of COPD made after entry into the database. A composite outcome of any new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, cataracts, pneumonia, osteoporosis, or nontraumatic fracture; and recurrent event outcomes of repeated pneumonia or nontraumatic fracture were compared for long-term (&gt;24 months) vs short-term (&lt;4 months) ICS exposure. <h3>RESULTS</h3> We assessed outcomes for 318,385 and 209,062 individuals in the prevalent and inception cohorts, respectively. The composite dichotomous outcome was significantly greater for long-term vs short-term ICS use for the prevalent (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.65; 95% CI, 2.62-2.68; <i>P</i> &lt;.001) and inception (HR = 2.60; 95% CI, 2.56-2.64; <i>P</i> &lt;.001) cohorts. For the inception cohort, the absolute risk difference of the composite outcome was 20.26% (29.41% minus 9.15%), with a number needed to harm of 5. Hazard ratios were significantly increased in the prevalent and inception cohorts for recurrent pneumonia (HR = 2.88; 95% CI, 2.62-3.16; <i>P</i> &lt;.001 and HR = 2.85; 95% CI, 2.53-3.22; <i>P</i> &lt;.001, respectively) and recurrent fracture (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.42-2.21; <i>P</i> &lt;.001 and HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.20-2.06; <i>P</i> &lt;.001). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Long-term ICS use for COPD is associated with significantly greater rates of the composite outcome of type 2 diabetes, cataracts, pneumonia, osteoporosis, and nontraumatic fracture; recurrent pneumonia; and recurrent fracture.

In neo-institutional theory literature, studies of decoupling have provided only a binary view of the employees of symbolic structures: ceremonial props or change agents. To obtain a richer view of the working life of these particular individuals, we rely on an instrumental case study to examine how they perceive a decoupling situation and do their job. Our fieldwork takes place in a multinational company, which adopts the vision and implements different tools and practices of knowledge management (KM), but a decoupling situation eventually emerges where KM ends up as a ceremonial façade. After four years of participant observation, we conclude our fieldwork by interviewing the seven knowledge managers we have worked with. We initially develop a typology representing the different ways in which these knowledge managers interpret the decoupling situation and accomplish their mission accordingly. Moreover, as we observe that they all suffer from stress, we use the coping theory to further investigate their working life and eventually transform our typology into a manifestation of decoupling at micro level. Meaning-making, work-level actions and emotions are brought into this picture, illustrating the reciprocal relationships between the decoupling situation and the micro-level employees of the symbolic structures, thereby explaining how decoupling persists from a micro perspective. This result contributes to enhancing the micro-macro link in institutional analysis that has been greatly missing in the neo-institutional theory literature

Les m&#233;thodes p&#233;dagogiques permettant le d&#233;veloppement de l&#8217;esprit d&#8217;entreprendre et l&#8217;apprentissage de la cr&#233;ation d&#8217;entreprise peuvent se subdiviser en deux sous-ensembles&#160;: l&#8217;incubation qui va consister &#8211; dans un cadre scolaire &#8211; &#224; permettre &#224; un &#233;tudiant de cr&#233;er son entreprise et l&#8217;accompagnement de projets externes qui consiste pour un &#233;tudiant &#224; aider un porteur de projet ext&#233;rieur &#224; l&#8217;&#233;cole. C&#8217;est ce dernier dispositif qui est analys&#233; dans ce papier et, plus particuli&#232;rement, celui consistant &#224; accompagner des porteurs de projets issus de Zones Urbaines Sensibles (dispositif des Cord&#233;es de l&#8217;Entrepreneuriat). Apr&#232;s avoir pr&#233;sent&#233; les objectifs et les outils de l&#8217;&#233;ducation &#224; l&#8217;entrepreneuriat, les auteurs abordent la question des apprentissages entrepreneuriaux issus du dispositif des Cord&#233;es de l&#8217;Entrepreneuriat. &#192; partir d&#8217;une &#233;tude qualitative exploratoire men&#233;e aupr&#232;s d&#8217;&#233;tudiants, ils aboutissent au constat que les m&#233;thodes reposant sur de l&#8217;accompagnement sont plus utiles pour d&#233;velopper l&#8217;esprit d&#8217;entreprendre que pour favoriser l&#8217;intention de cr&#233;er ou de reprendre une entreprise. Ils concluent &#233;galement sur l&#8217;int&#233;r&#234;t de d&#233;velopper ce genre d&#8217;outils pour inculquer certaines valeurs humaines dans les formations en entrepreneuriat.

This study addresses a significant gap in tourism disaster management by analyzing the firsthand experience of international tourists during the unprecedented recent flooding in Dubai, a smart tourism city. The study uses narrative inquiry to capture tourists’ personal accounts, perceptions of the disaster's impact, and observations of local response efforts. The goal is to assess the resilience of smart tourism cities and the effectiveness of their disaster management strategies. Employing semi-structured interviews, the research collected detailed narratives from 26 tourists impacted by the flooding, offering an in-depth understanding of their experiences and the operational responses from disaster management teams. The findings reveal substantial disruptions in travel and communication, highlighting deficiencies in the current infrastructure and disaster management systems for handling large-scale emergencies. Tourists’ narratives indicate a blend of preparedness and oversight, with some infrastructure elements functioning well while others, especially in safety and timely communication, fell short. This study emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive disaster management resilience strategies that enhance infrastructure robustness, improve communication systems, and actively involve all stakeholders to boost the resilience and safety of smart tourism cities.

Cet article vise à approfondir la compréhension de la notion de la fidélité et tout particulièrement dans sa conception relationnelle dans le domaine industriel. Nous avons essayé d’identifier la nature des liens qui unissent les variables relationnelles de la relation acheteur-fournisseur. Nous avons posé comme hypothèse que les différentes dimensions de la confiance et de l’engagement sont positivement reliés à la construction de la fidélité de l’acheteur envers son fournisseur. Puis nous avons tenté de valider ces hypothèses à l’aide d’un modèle d’équations structurelles.Les résultats de notre recherche confirment notre hypothèse principale : la confiance et l’engagement sont étroitement liés à la fidélité coopérative dans les relations inter-organisationnelles. La contribution du modèle explicatif nous conduit toutefois à privilégier l’étude de l’engagement à celle de la confiance comme élément fondateur de la fidélité.

This paper delves into the investigation and inventory of cob buildings within the Guérande Peninsula, employing an interdisciplinary framework merging academic inquiry, fieldwork, and digital cartographic methodologies. Against the backdrop of escalating environmental concerns within the construction sector, raw earth construction emerges as a compelling avenue for sustainable building practices due to its low embodied energy and reversible characteristics. Despite historical prevalence in regions such as northwest France, traditional earth-building techniques have experienced waning prominence with the advent of industrial materials. However, the resurgence of interest in raw earth’s minimal carbon footprint has catalyzed renewed attention towards earth-building methods. Through a meticulous investigation methodology, this study identifies and analyzes 802 potentially old cob buildings, with 46 structures confirmed as cob constructions. Employing statistical analyses of building characteristics, including wall and lift heights, preservation states, and geographical distributions, this research sheds light on the significance of preserving cob heritage amidst rapid urbanization. The findings underscore the imperative for ongoing research and awareness efforts to safeguard these vernacular architectural traditions. By illuminating centuries-old building practices, this research contributes to the scholarly discourse on sustainable construction methodologies and local cultural preservation. Moreover, it underscores the necessity of integrating traditional knowledge systems with contemporary sustainability initiatives to foster resilience and longevity within the built environment.

Between 1967 and 1970, Bernard Hirsch, director of the Mission (town planning commission) for Cergy-Pontoise invited the architectural practice Shankland and Cox to assist the employees at the Mission in designing the new town. During the four years of their collaboration Shankland and Cox produced several reports and assisted the French in the creation of the planning briefs for the design of the new town. The correspondence between the Mission and Michael Welbank, who worked for Shankland and Cox, regarding the design of the préfecture neighbourhood in Cergy-Pontoise, as well as the internal notes at the Mission, in addition to the written testimony of Bernard Hirsch in his famous book Oublier Cergy (Forgetting Cergy), show how the employees at the Mission integrated the British methods and concepts into their work practices. Through their collaboration with Shankland and Cox, it was the working methods of the London County Council Architect’s Department planning division which were directly passed on to those creating new towns in France.

Notre article décrit quelques premiers moments d’installation de demandeurs d’asile et réfugiés loin des centres urbains, en Bretagne et dans l’Oise, à partir d’une enquête conduite entre 2015 et 2019. Nous avons observé le début du parcours de quelques exilés, leurs pratiques d’habiter, manières de s’adapter, entre contraintes et résistances aux différentes formes et conditions d’hospitalités proposées. Ces premiers temps d’installation sont des moments critiques. Après avoir connu les abris de fortune dans les métropoles et les camps humanitaires de la région parisienne, les exilés se retrouvent dans des lieux inconnus, où ils n’ont pas d’attache, où il leur faut s’installer, d’abord au sens matériel du terme, et puis, (re)jouer des solidarités, (re)créer des liens, se (re)constituer un réseau de ressources.

Purpose This paper explores how digital entrepreneurship is reshaping informal economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, introducing the novel theoretical construct of “transformative informality” – derived from grounded empirical data – to explain how indigenous entrepreneurial practices, digital infrastructure and innovation ecosystems interact to mitigate socioeconomic hardship and to identify context-specific models that challenge Western-centric assumptions. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a qualitative interpretive approach, drawing from secondary data, policy reviews and empirical literature. These sources are complemented by grounded field observations that empirically anchor the proposed concept. Grounded in African-centred development theory and institutional perspectives, it develops an analytical framework that links informal entrepreneurship, digital innovation and ecosystem dynamics. Findings Findings highlight the dual nature of digital entrepreneurship: while it enables market access, flexibility and micro-innovation, it often fails to secure formal integration due to institutional voids. Nevertheless, emergent hybrid models rooted in community-based logic and digital adaptation offer promising alternatives for inclusive growth, particularly among youth and women. Research limitations/implications Limited availability of longitudinal empirical data across African regions constrains generalizability. Further fieldwork could refine the typology and test its transferability. Practical implications Policymakers should embrace informality as a site of innovation and develop supportive infrastructure and financing mechanisms tailored to hybrid ventures. Social implications Supports inclusive, culturally embedded entrepreneurship as a lever for structural transformation. Originality/value This paper challenges dominant formalization narratives by introducing and empirically substantiating the concept of “transformative informality”, rooted in local realities and digital agency. It contributes a typology that connects grassroots digital innovation with entrepreneurial ecosystem dynamics.

Purpose The study evaluates the complexities of brand value co-creation among stakeholders within B2B ecosystems. This exploration is critical due to identified gaps in existing literature regarding B2B branding models, especially in the context of strategic decision-making within emerging economies, taking an emerging market as a prime example. Design/methodology/approach The study employs qualitative dyadic interviews to gain deeper insights into the B2B value co-creation process. These interviews center on understanding the intricacies of brand value co-creation between retail chain distributors and private label producers, specifically in the Tunisian market. Findings Findings reveal the paramount importance of resource sharing and the cultivation of strong interpersonal relationships. The results show the role of comprehensive contracts as a foundation for enduring collaboration across various facets, including product development, pricing strategies, branding initiatives and market positioning. Research limitations/implications While the research offers pivotal insights into the Tunisian market, it is essential to acknowledge its context-specific nature. This underscores the imperative for broader studies encompassing diverse emerging markets to generalize the findings. Practical implications The findings of this study provide helpful insights for retailers and private brand manufacturers in emerging countries, allowing them to improve their business strategies and adapt their operations. Marketers in the B2B area can consider the factors underlined by our study when formulating their collaborative relations with current and potential business partners, especially in the North African region. Originality/value While numerous studies have spotlighted the service-dominant logic in brand value co-creation, this research systematically evaluates the interactions and relationships between primary stakeholders, highlighting modern business-to-business models.

La guerre des talents que se livrent les organisations nécessite que les chercheurs puissent apporter leur contribution sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour attirer et fidéliser les experts en interne. Cette question revêt des enjeux organisationnels certes, mais également territoriaux et nationaux. Les auteurs rappellent dans leur état de l’art, ce que recouvre la notion d’expert, ce que sont ses compétences et la valeur qu’il représente pour l’organisation. Parallèlement, une étude basée sur 30 entretiens menés auprès de DRH sur les pratiques dédiées aux experts et leur perception de leurs attentes spécifiques apportent des résultats intéressants. Les auteurs dégagent les 4 qualités intrinsèques centrales d’un expert : des ressources rares difficiles à remplacer, des connaissances spécifiques, des expériences significatives et une reconnaissance interne et externe. Ils repèrent également 4 éléments contributifs de l’expert à son organisation : une veille permanente, une capacité d’innovation et de production du savoir, une capacité à transférer les connaissances et une contribution importante à la qualité des décisions à prendre. Concernant les pratiques de GRH dédiées, 5 groupes de capacités organisationnelles ont été considérées comme essentielles. Il s’agit notamment de la capacité à créer des experts, à les reconnaitre, à partager la valeur qu’ils créent, mais également la capacité à renforcer l’image positive de leur métier et leurs valeurs, ainsi qu’à éviter leur épuisement. Ce qui nécessite la mobilisation d’acteurs clés. Enfin, les auteurs synthétisent ces pratiques dédiées autour d’une triple dynamique : la création continue de savoirs, le partage du pouvoir et le plaisir dans les projets.

Over the last three decades, in France as in other European countries, urban projects have given increasing importance to negotiations between public and private players, and to iterative and incremental design processes. Among the tools implemented by architects and other professionals in France, the plan-guide has progressively challenged the master plan as uncertainty about the means and the ends of projects grew. To understand the rationale of the plan-guide, it is useful to look at the way it was first deployed as the main working tool of Île de Nantes urban renewal project in the early 2000s. That case study sheds light on how urban projects relying on plan-guides became instrumental within neoliberal agendas.

The adaptation of public spaces to episodes of intense heat is now a major challenge for cities. With this in mind, this article presents a contribution aimed at delineating and handling the shadows on the ground or in a horizontal plane at a given height, whether it comes from buildings, street furniture or the tree cover. After a comparison with shadows obtained via two reference tools, we present two urban sites that mix shadows of different origins and, in addition, different indicators. The results of the simulations are compared with pyranometric surveys carried out on site. The aim of these indicators is to assist urban designers with solutions that make it possible to distinguish the respective shadow contributions, their annual evolution and potential spatial or temporal continuities.