Haute école de travail social Lausanne - HETSL, HES-SO

Dans le contexte actuel de restrictions budgétaires qui affectent le travail social, la mise en visibilité des compétences émotionnelles et relationnelles des assistantes et assistants sociaux (AS) à fin de reconnaissance sociale constitue un enjeu central aux plans politique, économique et, ce qui est l’objet de cet article, méthodologique. Notre méthode pour mettre au jour leurs compétences invisibles, sous le terme de care , repose sur la mise en confrontation de deux types de cadrage dans la gestion des émotions que suscitent les bénéficiaires du social. En utilisant comme boussole la charge émotionnelle à laquelle nous étions exposées lors de l’observation d’interactions entre professionnel-le-s et bénéficiaires, nous avons fait apparaître, lors d’entretiens de co-interprétation, des pratiques invisibles du travail social. Nous montrerons que c’est l’écart entre les émotions de profanes et l’action des professionnel-le-s qui permet d’explorer le care institutionnel et, ainsi, de construire une sociologie du care.

L’objectif de cette note de synthèse est de proposer, dans le champ francophone et au-delà, un état des lieux des travaux qui, de manière directe ou indirecte, explicite ou implicite, se réclament du concept d’« interaction verbale » et qui en font usage dans des démarches de recherche et d’intervention en formation des adultes. La première partie de la note vise à préciser les contours et les contenus du concept d’« interaction verbale », dans ses différentes acceptions. La deuxième partie thématise la pluralité des régimes de signification des interactions verbales et développe les multiples effets que les processus interactionnels sont susceptibles de produire. La troisième partie de la note rend compte de travaux ayant thématisé la part interactionnelle des pratiques de formation d’adultes, qu’il s’agisse de situations formelles d’enseignement professionnel, de conseil, de tutorat ou plus largement d’apprentissage en situation de travail. Enfin, la quatrième et dernière partie montre comment il est possible d’agir sur les situations de travail ou de formation au moyen de démarches d’analyse des interactions.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the development of a questionnaire, Participation in Activities and Places Outside Home (ACT-OUT), for older adults with cognitive impairment and align it to people with mild- to moderate-stage dementia. METHOD: ACT-OUT was developed in a cross-cultural collaboration in combination with three rounds of cognitive interviews in Switzerland with 26 older adults without cognitive impairment and five older adults with dementia. Qualitative data from the interviews were analyzed using a constant comparison approach. RESULTS: The final ACT-OUT Version 1.0 consists of three parts: (1) questions targeting places older adults visit; (2) questions on aspects influencing participation, such as transportation, familiarity, and risk perception; and (3) questions on perception of self. CONCLUSION: The development of an instrument such as ACT-OUT is more a cyclical than a linear process. This study is a first step toward a more systematic evaluation of out-of-home participation among older adults with and without dementia.

Job-satisfaction in the Broader Framework of the Capability Approach **Being one of the leading paradigms for analyzing human well-being, the Capability Approach (CA) may serve as a frame of reference for job-satisfaction.The CA mainly argues for (1) complementing information on job-satisfaction by the more objective conception of "valuable work" to avoid biases due to adaptive preferences and (2) taking a holistic perspective of the multidimensional work-situation while (3) emphasizing the importance of opportunities and individual choice and agency.Thereby the CA provides a new perspective on classical insights on job-satisfaction by putting them into a broader framework.This paper is but a first tentative appreciation of the CA in this context.

OBJECTIVE: The on-road assessment is the gold standard because of its ecological validity. Yet existing instruments are heterogeneous and little is known about their psychometric properties. This study identified existing on-road assessment instruments and extracted data on psychometric properties and usability in clinical settings. METHOD: A systematic review identified studies evaluating standardized on-road evaluation instruments adapted for people with cognitive impairment. Published articles were searched on PubMed, CINHAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Study quality and the level of evidence were assessed using the COSMIN checklist. The collected data were synthetized using a narrative approach. Usability was subjectively assessed for each instrument by extracting information on acceptability, access, cost, and training. RESULTS: The review identified 18 published studies between 1994 and 2016 that investigated 12 different on-road evaluation instruments: the Performance-Based Driving Evaluation, the Washington University Road Test, the New Haven, the Test Ride for Practical Fitness to Drive, the Rhode Island Road Test, the Sum of Manoeuvres Score, the Performance Analysis of Driving Ability, the Composite Driving Assessment Scale, the Nottingham Neurological Driving Assessment, the Driving Observation Schedule, the Record of Driving Errors, and the Western University's On-road Assessment. Participants were mainly male (64%), between 48 and 80 years old, and had a broad variety of cognitive disorders. Most instruments showed reasonable psychometric values for internal consistency, criterion validity, and reliability. However, the level of evidence was poor to support any of the instruments given the low number of studies for each. CONCLUSION: Despite the social and health consequences of decisions taken using these instruments, little is known about the value of a single evaluation and the ability of instruments to identify expected changes. None of the identified on-road evaluation instruments seem currently adapted for clinical settings targeting rehabilitation and occupational priorities rather than road security alone. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018103276.

Le développement de Recherche Action Collaborative dans le travail social est le véhicule inédit d’une forme de scientifisation de ce champ professionnel, qui développe une compétence scientifique des travailleurs sociaux au service de l’efficacité des dispositifs d’intervention sociale. Les enjeux sont alors aussi bien épistémologiques que méthodologiques. À travers une expérience de plusieurs RAC, l’auteur de cet article décline les enjeux structurants de cette démarche de recherche qui articule les savoirs universitaires, professionnels et d’usage de tous les acteurs du travail social.

Familiarity is important for persons living with dementia who participate outside home. When familiarity is challenged, such participation may be difficult. This ethnographic study clarifies how familiarity is experienced by persons with dementia in performing activities and visiting places, and how familiarity contributes to maintaining participation outside home. Nine participants were interviewed in their home and while visiting familiar places. Data were content analysed using a constant comparative method. The findings suggest that persons with dementia experience familiarity as continuous and whole, through occurrences that support personal territories. Landmarks and objects enhance the experience of familiarity. Familiarity that is continuously challenged may render participation outside home fragile.

Preschool children with neurotypical development (ND) trained on sentential complements ("X thinks/says that") improve their Theory of Mind (ToM) performance. Can complementation training also enhance ToM in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Thirty-three children with ASD (Mage = 8;11) and 20 younger ND peers (Mage = 4;3) were trained on sentential complements (4-6 weeks, 2-3 times per week, via the DIRE i-Pad App). Pre-training and post-training comparisons show that (1) training boosted both complementation and ToM performance across groups; (2) improvements remained 4-6 weeks after training ended; (3) participants with milder ASD symptoms made most gains. Training on sentential complements thus seems beneficial for addressing ToM difficulties in children with ASD, especially those with milder symptoms.

Technoference, namely parental screen use in the presence of a child, is a widespread phenomenon that has negative effects on parent-child interaction and communication. When parents use screens around their children there are fewer interactions and parents are less contingent and responsive to the child. Additionally, children show more negative behaviors, such as whining, frustration, and outbursts. Communication is also affected—parents speak and gesture less towards their children and, in turn, children are less likely to develop their language abilities. It remains unclear, however, if parental distraction due to screen use affects parent-child interaction and communication more negatively compared to non-digital parental distraction. Fifty-two parent-child dyads (mean child age = 22 months, range 12–36 months) first played for 5 min (Time 1); then (Time 2), the parent was asked to fill out a questionnaire on a tablet (screen condition), on a printed form (paper-pen condition) or was not interrupted (control condition). Interactive quality was assessed at Time 1 and Time 2 using the Coding Interactive Behavior scale. Communication was assessed by coding the number of word tokens and types during Time 1 and Time 2; child gestures were also coded. Results revealed that when parents were distracted—either by the paper-pen or the screen questionnaire—the quality of the interaction significantly deteriorated (ps ≤ .01) and the quantity of parental communication significantly declined (ps ≤ .012). Importantly, the nature of the distraction did not matter: there were no significant differences between the paper-pen and the screen distraction conditions across Time 2 (ps ≥ .59). Findings suggest that parental distraction matters for the quality of interaction and the amount of communicative bids, independently on whether parents were distracted by a digital or non-digital activity. These findings likely relate to complex factors related to young children's experiences and habits with parental screen use.

Les multiples faces du pouvoir d'agir à l'épreuve du vieillissement

Social policies are described as active on the basis of formal legal provisions, or on the grounds of expenditure data. Using the notion, set forth by Lipsky, M. [(1980). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemnas of the individual in public services (2010 ed.). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation] as well as by several subsequent authors, that social workers who implement policies actually play a role in (re)defining them, the present article intends to explore the way in which active social policies are implemented in a Swiss canton. On the basis of an original study, we show that, on the one hand, social workers tend to view activation as a distant perspective – which means they often do no put it into practice right away. And activation, when social workers do deem it to be necessary, takes on different meanings depending on whether they are dealing with young people or with mothers. As a result, the actual meaning of the word activation varies – a fact that scholars who focused solely on formal/legal activation policies were not in a position to observe.

The transition from driving to driving cessation in older adulthood is considered a major life transition where resulting disruptions can impact sense of self. Such transitions at this life stage offer both a challenge and opportunity to consider the relationship between disruption, adaptation (or not) of occupational patterns, and perceptions of life roles. The current study examines this process of adaptation where the focus is on exploring how disruption, loss, and identity over time are negotiated at this life stage. Semi-structured interviews with each participant explored this process. Based on these interviews and corresponding narrative analysis, the trajectories of each of the five older adults (4 male, 1 female; aged 73-90) were categorized and mapped. The analysis indicated the narrative slopes of three participants were ‘progressive’ (more ups than downs), one participant was ‘stable’ (landing where one started), and the remaining participant was ‘regressive’ (more downs than ups). Results from this study suggest the process of negotiating the transition from driver to non-driver was non-linear, meaning the ensuing adaptations to everyday life involved a major reorganization of occupations and routines. Social support and finding alternative ways of doing were key to negotiating this transition. Challenges experienced during the transition and/or, a failure to adapt, suggests an ongoing and growing disconnect in life roles. Further study of the impact of such disconnection and the ramifications on not only the person but also their social network is warranted.

Abstract Over the recent decades, the turn to managerial governance has thoroughly transformed the European university systems and, by extension, the careers of university professors. Scholars postulated that professors’ careers have undergone an increasing formalization, that disciplinary careers have been hybridized, and that new modes of selection and recruitment (through assistant professorship) have been introduced. This article, based on a case study of the EPFL Lausanne, one of the leading European technical universities, aims to understand these changes by conducting a sequence analytical study of the actual trajectories of professors. By studying the careers of 351 professors who were nominated between 1969 and 2010 at the EPFL, we first develop a typology of professors’ careers. We distinguish between “direct careers,” “seniority careers,” “conversion careers,” and “parallel careers.” We then examine, based on a series of binomial logistic regression models, how career types vary according to the nomination cohort, the discipline, and the recruitment mode. Our results show that slower “seniority careers” within academia have become more important in recent cohorts, that disciplinary logics still shape professors’ careers, and that new recruitment mechanisms, such as assistant professorship, do not necessarily lead to accelerated careers. This article contributes to the literature by showing that beyond the analysis of the institutional setting of academic careers, it is also important to study their actual progression.

Background. Persons living with dementia face a reduction of their life space outside home and disengagement from participation, linked to places visited. Purpose. This study explored stability and change in perceived participation in places visited outside home and its relationship with occupational gaps among older adults. Method. Older adults living with ( n = 35) or without ( n = 35) dementia were interviewed using the Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside Home (ACT-OUT) questionnaire and the Occupational Gaps Questionnaire (OGQ). Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings. The group of people living with dementia reported significantly fewer places ( p < .001) visited than the comparison group and having abandoned more places visited ( p < .001) than the comparison group. The number of occupational gaps was significantly different between groups ( p < .001). Implications. Participation outside home is not influenced in a uniform and straightforward way for persons living with dementia; the shrinking world effect appears differently in relation to types of places.

Introduction : Nous avons réalisé une analyse bibliométrique des études internationales publiées sur l’éducation des patients (EP) au cours des 40 dernières années. Méthodes : L’interrogation de six bases de données majeures a montré un accroissement spectaculaire des études de 1970 à 2014, atteignant 77 854 articles (PubMed), soit une progression annuelle moyenne à 3 chiffres. Sur ce sujet, 1695 ouvrages ont été publiés. Résultats : Le pic est la période 2004–2014 avec 13 109 revues de littérature, 5 977 RCT, 397 méta analyses. L’oncologie, la cardiologie, la diabétologie, la neurologie et la psychiatrie sont les 5 disciplines qui consacrent le plus de recherches à l’EP. Conclusion : notre analyse illustre la progression exponentielle de la recherche sur l’éducation du patient qui a obtenu ainsi une légitimité scientifique dans la thérapeutique des maladies chroniques.

This article to deals with the question of writing history and pointing at responsibility through the case of “comfort women” forced to serve, in Korea and elsewhere, as sexual slaves to Japanese soldiers during the First World War, at a time when Korea was a colony of Japan (1910-1945). Even after the liberation of Korea, Japan and South Korea took a long time to recognize the existence of “comfort women”, not to mention apologizing to them, which has not officially taken place in either country. Beginning with the analysis of this political silence, this article shows the emergence of survivors’voices, supported by feminists, and the contribution of feminist research to the reconstruction of the history of “comfort women”, in particular with the constitution of the Research Team of Testimonies. However, the question of responsibility remains because of the absence of an official apology from Japan with the tactical consent of South Korea and because of a major revisionist historical movement in Japan.

Social participation in out-of-home activities is important for people living with dementia, yet little is known about such participation. The aim of this study was to explore and compare out-of-home participation among people living with dementia in four countries by assessing different types of places of participation visited or no longer visited. A cross-sectional design was used to gather self-reported experiences concerning out-of-home participation among people with mild stage dementia living in Canada ( n = 29), Sweden ( n = 35), Switzerland ( n = 35) and the UK ( n = 64). Interviews were conducted using the Participation in ACTivities and places OUTside the Home for older adults (ACT-OUT) instrument. Participants still visited 16 ( Median) places out of a possible total of 24, and they had abandoned 5 ( Median) places. Neighbourhood was the place most participants still visited, whereas 50% of them had stopped going to a Sports facility, with no significant differences between country samples regarding how many participants had abandoned that place (Fisher’s exact test, p > 0.01). There were significant differences between country samples in the frequency of present participation and abandonment of the Hospital, Dentist’s office, Cemetery, Garden, and Forest (Fisher’s exact test, all p < 0.01). Although the participants still visited a variety of places, they had stopped going to places previously visited, which indicates reductions in participation, posing an inherent risk to well-being. The similarities and differences across samples from the four countries suggest that healthcare services and access to public transport may contribute to the complex interactional process of out-of-home participation for people living with dementia. The findings highlight the need for initiatives targeting specific types of places to support continued participation in society, especially places at a higher risk of abandonment such as places for recreation and physical activity.

Cet article analyse les récentes transformations de l’assurance invalidité (AI) en Suisse. S’inspirant du cadre théorique des Critical Disability Studies , il montre d’abord comment l’invalidité a été instituée comme altérité inférieure par rapport à une norme de validité définie comme la capacité de gain par l’emploi. Ensuite, il examine la transformation des conceptions de la validité et de l’invalidité liée aux trois révisions que l’AI a connue entre 2004 et 2012. Justifiées par des déficits financiers et s’adossant à une évolution de la doxa « capacitiste », ces réformes avaient pour but de prévenir l’invalidité et de réduire le nombre de pensions. Elles intensifient non seulement l’accent porté sur des mesures de réadaptation ou d’activation au détriment de l’octroi de pensions, mais encore elles introduisent la détection précoce des personnes valides et le réexamen du potentiel de réadaptation des personnes au bénéfice d’une pension de l’AI. La capacité présumée devient un nouveau principe organisateur de l’assurance, et l’invalidité, reléguée dans une zone d’exception, devient une question d’ordre moral.

Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://shs.cairn.info/revue-nouvelles-questions-feministes-2018-2-page-6?lang=fr Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Scannez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Éditions Antipodes.Vous avez l'autorisation de reproduire cet article dans les limites des conditions d'utilisation de Cairn.infoou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement.Détails et conditions sur cairn.info/copyright.Sauf dispositions légales contraires, les usages numériques à des fins pédagogiques des présentes ressources sont soumises à l'autorisation de l'Éditeur ou, le cas échéant, de l'organisme de gestion collective habilité à cet effet.Il en est ainsi notamment en France avec le CFC qui est l'organisme agréé en la matière.

L’article analyse les récents développements de l’accompagnement social à partir d’une étude approfondie du programme FORJAD (formation pour jeunes adultes en difficulté) permettant à de jeunes adultes inscrits à l’aide sociale suisse d’accéder à une formation professionnelle. À partir d’une étude comparant la nature et les modalités d’intervention de différentes figures professionnelles auprès de ces jeunes (assistants sociaux, professionnels des mesures d’insertion, coachs), nous questionnons la normativité de ces nouvelles formes d’accompagnement social et évaluons leur potentiel d’autonomisation réelle des bénéficiaires à l’aune de l’approche par les capacités développée par Amartya Sen.