Institute of Commonwealth Studies

Journal Article Modern diasporas in international politics Get access Modern diasporas in international politics. Edited by Gabriel Sheffer. London: Croom Helm. 1986. 349pp. £22⋅50. ISBN 0 7099 3355 X. Peter Lyon Peter Lyon 1Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 62, Issue 4, autumn 1986, Page 660, https://doi.org/10.2307/2618572 Published: 01 October 1986

Theories of New Regionalism represents the first systematic attempt to bring together leading theories of new regionalism. Major theorists from around the world develop their own distinctive theoretic

The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 Christopher Andrew London, Allen Lane, 2009 xxiii + 1032 pp., ISBN: 978-0-713-99885-6 (hardback £30.00) Missing from the otherwise fairly exh...

Journal Article Towards a New International Economic Order Get access Towards a New International Economic Order. By Mohammed Bedjaoui. Paris: UNESCO; New York, London: Holmes and Meier. 1979287 pp. Pb:£8.00. Carol Geldart Carol Geldart 1Institute of Commonwealth Studies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 57, Issue 1, Winter 1981, Pages 127–128, https://doi.org/10.2307/2619379 Published: 01 January 1980

(1978). Is the commonwealth a non‐Hobbesian institution? The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 119-135.

The responses of the Khoisan peoples to the Dutch at the Cape of Good Hope in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries have generally been dismissed summarily by historians. This article attempts to place their reactions into the broader framework of the receptivity of Late Stone Age society in South Africa to cultural innovation, and suggests that the usual dichotomy drawn between the rapid disintegration of the pastoral Khoi in the face of the Dutch settlers and the fierce resistance of the San hunter-gatherers is an oversimplification. There was little to distinguish cattleless Khoi from San, or San who had acquired cattle from Khoi, and both processes were at work both during and before the Dutch period in South Africa. The belief that the Khoi ‘willingly’ bartered away their cattle for ‘mere baubles’ is challenged, and it is maintained that the violence which punctuated every decade of the eighteenth century, and which culminated in the so-called ‘Bushman Wars’, were in large measure the Khoisan response to their prior dispossession by the Boers. On the other hand, the readiness of the Khoisan to acculturate to both the Dutch and the Bantu-speaking intruders, their relatively small population and loose social organization, meant that their ethnic identity virtually disappeared. Nevertheless their responses were more complex than is generally realized and resemble those of other colonized peoples. They were also to have a profound influence on the attitudes towards whites of Bantu-speakers on the Cape's eastern and northern frontiers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

Michael Twaddle; Uganda since independence: a story of unfulfilled hopes, International Affairs, Volume 69, Issue 2, 1 April 1993, Pages 400–401, https://doi.or

Journal Article Striking Back: A history of COSATU Get access Striking Back: A history of COSATU, by Jeremy Baskin. Verso, London, 1990. xv + 488 pp. £39.95 hardback, £12.95 paperback. ISBN 0 86091 345 7 and 0 86091 557 3. PETER ALEXANDER PETER ALEXANDER Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 91, Issue 364, July 1992, Pages 483–484, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098540 Published: 01 July 1992

Journal Article L'Insurrection Malgache de 1947 Get access L'Insurrection Malgache de 1947, by J. Tronchon. Maspero, Paris, 1974. 399pp. Maps, tables, bibliography. Paperback 45,00 FF. ROBERT ARCHER ROBERT ARCHER Institute of Commonwealth StudiesLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 75, Issue 299, April 1976, Pages 261–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096726 Published: 01 April 1976

This is an empirical case study of ‘street-level’ officials in a classic ‘regulatory’ public agency: the Environmental Health Department in Kumasi and Accra, Ghana, where privatisation and contracting-out of sanitary services have imposed new ways of working on Environmental Health Officers. Both internal and external organisational relationships are analysed to explain the extent to which these officers have adapted to more ‘client-oriented’ ways of working. Their positive organizational culture is credited with much of the positive results achieved, but was not sufficient to cope with the negative impact of politically protected privatisations on the officials' ability to enforce standards. Nor could it entirely overcome the deficiencies in training and incentive structures which should have accompanied the changes in service delivery.

This paper summarizes briefly some of the discussion on the question of choice of techniques in developing countries and suggests some alternative lines of approach that might be helpful. The neo‐classical approach which assumes a wide range of choice of technique is rejected as being unhistorical in its view of technological development; the technological determinist1 view which concludes that there is virtually no choice of technique at all ignores crucial aspects of scale, product and process which widen the choice available. The question of choice of technique is a question of product (in scale, type and quality) as well as method of production, and must be viewed dynamically—the choice available changes over time and is itself subject to choice in the sense that a country or countries can choose to develop techniques in one direction rather than another.

Many political economic theories use and emphasize the process of voting in their explanation of the growth of Social Security, government spending, and other public policies.But is there an empirical connection between democracy and Social Security program size or design?Using some new international data sets to produce both country-panel econometric estimates as well as case studies of South American and southern European countries, we find that Social Security policy varies according to economic and demographic factors, but that very different political histories can result in the same Social Security policy.We find little partial effect of democracy on the size of Social Security budgets, on how those budgets are allocated, or how economic and demographic factors affect Social Security.If there is any observed difference, democracies spend a little less of their GDP on Social Security, grow their budgets a bit more slowly, and cap their payroll tax more often, than do economically and demographically similar nondemocracies.Democracies and nondemocracies are equally likely to have benefit formulas inducing retirement and, conditional on GDP per capita, equally likely to induce retirement with a retirement test vs. an earnings test.

This contribution argues that the dominant understanding of genocide as mass killing is sociologically inadequate and at odds with the ideas of the author of the concept, Raphael Lemkin. To date sociological approaches to genocide have failed to appreciate the importance of culture and social death to the concept of genocide. There is insufficient serious discussion of culturally destructive processes, which do not involve direct physical killing or violence, through the analytical lens of genocide. This is especially true when it comes to the experiences of indigenous peoples in the world today. When they invoke the term genocide to describe their present day experiences it is often derided. In the second half of this contribution, however, I argue that indigenous peoples' use of the concept is often more accurate and precise than that espoused by many academics and call for more research into seemingly benign processes of indigenous ‘cultural diffusion’ but through the analytical lens of genocide.

Sociologists have struggled to negotiate their relationship to human rights, yet human rights are now increasingly the focus of innovative sociological analysis. This opening contribution to ‘Sociology and Human Rights: New Engagements’ analyses how the relationship between sociology and human rights could be better conceptualised and taken forward in the future. The historical development of the sociology of human rights is first examined, with emphasis on the uneasy distancing of sociology from universal rights claims from its inception, and on radical repudiations influenced by Marx. We discuss how in the post-war period T.H. Marshall's work generated analysis of citizenship rights, but only in the past two decades has the sociology of human rights been developed by figures such as Bryan Turner, Lydia Morris and Anthony Woodiwiss. We then introduce the individual contributions to the volume, and explain how they are grouped. We suggest the need to deepen existing analyses of what sociology can offer to the broad field of human rights scholarship, but also, more unusually, that sociologists need to focus more on what human rights related research can bring to sociology, to renew it as a discipline. Subsequent sections take this forward by examining a series of themes including: the relationship between the individual and the social; the need to address inequality; the challenge of social engagement and activism; and the development of interdisciplinarity. We note how authors in the volume contribute to each of these. Finally we conclude by summarising our proposals for future directions in research.

The article focuses on the reappearance of the extreme right in Cyprus, with the aim of understanding the wider trends and local structural determinants that favoured its return. The research examines both the structure of opportunity favouring the reappearance of the extreme right—i.e. the current economic crisis and unemployment, the legitimacy crisis of the political and party systems, and the political and institutional context—and the way the extreme-right party (National Popular Front – ELAM) responded to these opportunities, capitalising on its special relationship with the Greek Golden Dawn. This paper will argue that the extreme right is the outgrowth of a systemic (economic and political) crisis, as well as a reflection of how Cypriot political actors regard and react to the extreme right's signatory issues.

CRANPORD PRATT; Ujamaa Villages in Tanzania: Analysis of a Social Experiment, African Affairs, Volume 79, Issue 315, 1 April 1980, Pages 279–280, https://doi.or

Journal Article The Rwandan crisis 1959–1994: History of a genocide Get access The Rwandan crisis 1959–1994: History of a genocide. By Gérard Prunier. London: Hurst. 1995. 403 pp. Index. £12.50. ISBN 1 85065 247 3. Michael Twaddle Michael Twaddle 1Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 72, Issue 2, April 1996, Pages 416–417, https://doi.org/10.2307/2624438 Published: 01 April 1996

MICHAEL TWADDLE; African Women: Their Struggle for Economic Independence, African Affairs, Volume 79, Issue 317, 1 October 1980, Pages 608–609, https://doi

Crafting State-Nations—India and Other Multinational Democracies Alfred Stepan, Juan J. Linz and Yogendra Yadav Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. xix + 308, ISBN 9780801897238 (h...

Journal Article Growing Up in a Divided Society Get access Growing Up in a Divided Society, edited by Sandra Burman and Pamela Reynolds. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, 1990. xix + 454 pp. $36.95 hardback, $14.95 paperback. ISBN 0 8101 0860 7 and 0 8101 0861 5. MICHELLE ADLER MICHELLE ADLER Institute of Commonwealth StudiesLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 91, Issue 363, April 1992, Pages 280–282, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098496 Published: 01 April 1992