Islamic University of Indonesia

This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.

The objective of this study was to analyze how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) cope with environmental changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic by pursuing the business model transformation with the support of digital technologies. To achieve the objective, this study used a multiple case study design with qualitative analysis to examine the data obtained from interviews, observation, and field visits. Seven manufacturing SMEs from Indonesia were selected using a theoretical sampling technique, with the purpose of achieving some degree of variation to allow us to undertake replication logic. Our analysis demonstrates that SMEs adopt a different degree of digital transformations, which can be summarized into three paths, depending on the firms' contextual factors. First, SMEs with a high level of digital maturity who respond to the challenges by accelerating the transition toward digitalized firms; second, SMEs experiencing liquidity issues but a low level of digital maturity who decide to digitalize the sales function only; and, third, the SMEs that have very limited digital literacy but are supported by a high level of social capital. This last group of firms solves the challenges by finding partners who possess excellent digital capabilities. The qualitative case study method allows us to conduct in-depth and detailed analysis, but has thin generalizability. To address this limitation, future research can use a survey covering various industries to test the proposed theory that has resulted from this study, so that the generalizability can be assured.

Physical distancing policy that is encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO) has inspired consumers to do contactless activities, including payment transaction. Government authorities in a growing number of countries are taking actions to encourage contactless payments as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates. People are worried that novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) can be transmitted through physical money. It drives them to shift to e-wallet. Due to a lack of study on this topic, the present study contributes to the literature by examining the effect of perceived risk, government support, and perceived usefulness on customers’ intention to use e-wallet during COVID-19 outbreak. To give more fruitful insight, another major contribution of this study is investigating the group difference between Indonesia and Malaysia in the overall model. Questionnaires are distributed to the respondents by using a proportional sampling technique. As a result, 259 total respondents from Indonesia and 207 from Malaysia are collected. Both countries are selected because Indonesia and Malaysia can be considered as the two-worst countries in ASEAN affected by COVID-19. The model is tested using PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results show that the effects of government support on the intention to use e-wallets differ between countries. Besides, perceived usefulness fully mediated government support-intention to use e-wallets relationship, and partially mediated the effect of perceived risk on intention to use e-wallets.

This study reviews 60 papers using a Likert scale and published between 2012 – 2021. Screening for literature review uses the PRISMA method. The data analysis technique was carried out through data extraction, then synthesized in a structured manner using the narrative method. To achieve credible research results at the stage of the data collection and data analysis process, a group discussion forum (FGD) was conducted. The findings show that only 10% of studies use a measurement scale with an even answer choice category (4, 6, 8, or 10 choices). In general, (90%) of research uses a measurement instrument that involves a Likert scale with odd response choices (5, 7, 9, or 11) and the most popular researchers use a Likert scale with a total response of 5 points. The use of a rating scale with an odd number of responses of more than five points (especially on a seven-point scale) is the most effective in terms of reliability and validity coefficients, but if the researcher wants to direct respondents to one side, then a scale with an even number of responses (six points) is possible. more suitable. The presence of response bias and central tendency bias can affect the validity and reliability of the use of the Likert scale instrument.

Although situated ∼400 km from the east coast of Africa, Madagascar exhibits cultural, linguistic, and genetic traits from both Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa. The settlement history remains contentious; we therefore used a grid-based approach to sample at high resolution the genomic diversity (including maternal lineages, paternal lineages, and genome-wide data) across 257 villages and 2,704 Malagasy individuals. We find a common Bantu and Austronesian descent for all Malagasy individuals with a limited paternal contribution from Europe and the Middle East. Admixture and demographic growth happened recently, suggesting a rapid settlement of Madagascar during the last millennium. However, the distribution of African and Asian ancestry across the island reveals that the admixture was sex biased and happened heterogeneously across Madagascar, suggesting independent colonization of Madagascar from Africa and Asia rather than settlement by an already admixed population. In addition, there are geographic influences on the present genomic diversity, independent of the admixture, showing that a few centuries is sufficient to produce detectable genetic structure in human populations.

Species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent as potential microorganisms and have been widely applied in food fermentation worldwide. Milk fermentation process has been relied on the activity of LAB, where transformation of milk to good quality of fermented milk products made possible. The presence of LAB in milk fermentation can be either as spontaneous or inoculated starter cultures. Both of them are promising cultures to be explored in fermented milk manufacture. LAB have a role in milk fermentation to produce acid which is important as preservative agents and generating flavour of the products. They also produce exopolysaccharides which are essential as texture formation. Considering the existing reports on several health-promoting properties as well as their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of LAB, they can be widely used in the developing of new fermented milk products.

Buku ini.berasal dari disertasi penulis yang menghasilkan gelar doktor dalam ,bidang ilmu hukum- baginya pada ProgramPascasarjana UNPAD pada tahun 1986. Materi disertasi tersebut telah mengalami proses penuUsan-ulang (rewriting) untuk kepentingan publikasi buku ini. Meskipun ada penulisan ulang, tapi format penulisan tidak mengalami banyak perubahan. Artinya, format buku ini hampir sama dengah format disertasi,sebagimana tergambar dari susunan bab-babnya.Judul Buku: Kebijakan Legislatif Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan dengan Pidana PenjaraPengarang •: Dr. Barda-Nawawi Arief S.H.-Penerbit : CY Ananta, Semarang,. i. .Tebal . : iv + 292 halaman

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief report on how the Indonesian population has experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in the first 2 months since the establishment of COVID-19 Rapid Response Task Force on March 13. The discussion will focus on the psychological trauma that the population has experienced due to the lack of preparedness, the poorly equipped health care system, and lockdown policies in dealing with the spread of the coronavirus. Four different types of psychological trauma were increasingly observed, based on digital communication with people affected and reports from the news and social media. These 4 types of psychological trauma were social withdrawal, hysteria, individual violence, and collective violence. On the basis of the described psychological consequences of the pandemic, it can be assumed that both the individual and collective reactions must be considered to reduce harm of the coronavirus pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

New materials that mimic natural bone properties, matching functional, mechanical, and biological properties have been continuously developed to rehabilitate bone defects. Desirably, ‘tissue engineering’ has been a multidisciplinary ground that uses the principles of life sciences and engineering for the biological replacements that restore or replace the tissue function or a whole organ. Nevertheless, the bone grafting treatment has numerous restrictions, counting the major hazards of morbidity from the sites where donor bone grafts are removed, the likelihood for an immune rejection or bacterial transport from the donor site (in case of allogeneic grafting), and the inadequate availability of donor bone grafts that can meet the current demands. Since the proper growth of synthetic materials for implantable bones encourages the reconstruction of bone tissues by providing strong structural support without any damages to the interferences of biological tissue. To serve for such behavior, the biodegradable matrices provide temporary scaffolds within which the bone tissues can be regenerated. Typically, the thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters are found to serve this purpose. The great significance of this field lies in the in vitro growth of precise cells on porous matrices (scaffolds) to generate three-dimensional (3D) tissues that can be entrenched into the location of tissue/bone damage. Numerous gifts have been gifted by our nature to advance and preserve the well-being of all living things either directly or indirectly. This review focuses on the recent advances in polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds including their properties and applications.

This paper reports an investigation of the microwave-assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using extract of stinky bean ( Parkia speciosa Hassk ) pods (BP). The formation of Ag NPs was identified by instrumental analysis consists of UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis. Furthermore, Ag NPs were used as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The results indicate rapid formation of Ag NPs during microwave irradiation with similar properties to those obtained through the aging method. In general, the use of microwave irradiation yields larger particles, and it is affected by volume ratio of the extract to the AgNO 3 solution. The prepared materials demonstrated antibacterial activity.

Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have found a variety of applications in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental fields s, attributable to recent advances in the nanotechnology field. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) have gained importance as metal oxide NPs due to their potential in various fields, particularly nanomedicine and other biomedicine fields. Several studies have confirmed that NPs produced via the biosynthesis route using natural resources have significant advantages such as fewer toxic contaminants, less subsequent complex chemical synthesis, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and stability when compared to NPs produced by conventional methods, and its production with controlled shapes and sizes. Therefore, considerable effort is being expended to implement biological synthesis methods with these proven advantages. TiO 2 -NPs can be made using a variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods. Physicochemical methods are costly, emit high levels of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere, and consume a lot of energy. On the other hand, the biological approach is an environmentally safe, cost-effective, dependable, convenient, and easy way to synthesize TiO 2 -NPs. In this review, the bio-mediated synthesis, as well as various biomedical applications of TiO 2 -NPs, were discussed.

Synthesis and characterization of Mg-Al hydrotalcite have been studied. Synthesis of Mg-Al hydrotalcite was carried out using co-precipitation method at constant pH followed by hydrothermal treatment at 110 °C for 12 hours. The effect of Mg/Al molar ratios 2:1 and 3:1 was investigated by using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The results showed that these synthesized samples were identical to hydrotalcite materials based on X-ray diffractogram and FTIR spectra. The XRD patterns exhibit sharp reflection with high intensity with characteristic basal spacing at 11-23°, broad and asymmetric peaks at 34-66°. The FTIR spectra for the synthesized samples are in good agreement with slight shifting peaks at certain wavenumber characteristic of hydrotalcite. The morphologies of synthesized samples were shown by SEM and particles were formed as an accumulation of primary nanoparticles. Meanwhile chemical composition of the final products showed that Mg/Al ratio didn’t meet the theoretical value because the reaction under optimum pH. In general it is showed that molar ratio affected on the structure and material properties of synthesized hydrotalcite.

Ontology and knowledge-based systems typically provide e-learning recommender systems. However, ontology use in such systems is not well studied in systematic detail. Therefore, this research examines the development and evaluation of ontology-based recommender systems. The study also discusses technical ontology use and the recommendation process. We identified multidisciplinary ontology-based recommender systems in 28 journal articles. These systems combined ontology with artificial intelligence, computing technology, education, education psychology, and social sciences. Student models and learning objects remain the primary ontology use, followed by feedback, assessments, and context data. Currently, the most popular recommendation item is the learning object, but learning path, feedback, and learning device could be the future considerations. This recommendation process is reciprocal and can be initiated either by the system or students. Standard ontology languages are commonly used, but standards for student profiles and learning object metadata are rarely adopted. Moreover, ontology-based recommender systems seldom use the methodology of building ontologies and hardly use other ontology methodologies. Similarly, none of the primary studies described ontology evaluation methodologies, but the systems are evaluated by nonreal students, algorithmic performance tests, statistics, questionnaires, and qualitative observations. In conclusion, the findings support the implementation of ontology methodologies and the integration of ontology-based recommendations into existing learning technologies. The study also promotes the use of recommender systems in social science and humanities courses, non-higher education, and open learning environments.

The advent of the fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) era has catalyzed significant advancements in medical diagnosis delivery, primarily driven by the surge in medical data from wearable Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices. Nonetheless, the IoMT paradigm grapples with challenges related to data security, privacy, constrained computational capabilities at the edge, and an inadequate architecture for handling traditionally error-prone data. In this context, our research offers: (1) an exhaustive review of large-scale medical data propelled by IoMT, (2) an exploration of the prevailing cloud-edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) framework tailored for IoMT, and (3) an insight into the application of Edge Federated Learning (EFL) in bolstering medical big data analytics to yield secure and superior diagnostic outcomes. We place a particular emphasis on the proliferation of IoMT wearable devices that incessantly stream medical data, either from patients or healthcare institutions, to centralized repositories. Furthermore, we introduce a federated cloud-edge AI blueprint designed to position computational resources proximate to the edge network, facilitating real-time diagnostic feedback to patients. We conclude by delineating prospective research trajectories in enhancing IoMT through AI integration.

Electric vehicles can be a solution to certain social problems in Indonesia, such as pollution and an increase in consumption of energy from fossil fuels, which cannot be met by domestic production. The discussion of the TPB theoretical model, UTAUT2, and risk perception, using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method, in this study aims to provide an overview of the factors that drive interest in adopting electric vehicles in Indonesia. Data were collected from 526 respondents in various cities located in Indonesia. The results showed that the model can estimate the study variables adequately. The constructs of TPB such as attitude toward use (ATU), subjective norm (SBN), and perceived behavior control (PBC) positively affect interest in using electric vehicles. Meanwhile, ATU is influenced by performance and effort expectancies, hedonic motivation, price value, as well as functional, financial, and social risks. Another factor, known as PBC, is influenced by certain facilitating conditions. The ATU factor is the most influential on the use of electric vehicles, therefore factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, functional risk, financial risk, and social risk need to be properly analyzed.

In general, developing countries are lagging behind in e-government adoption compared to developed countries. Within Indonesia, there is a huge disparity in e- government implementation between districts. This study presents e-government challenges and the role of political leadership in the rural district of Sragen, one of the leading districts in implementing e-government in the country. The study focuses on the supply-side of e- government, and categorises the challenges in three main areas; management, infrastructure, and human factors. Initiatives taken to deal with these challenges are presented and strong political leadership is found to play an important role.

Purpose This study aims to determine the role of knowledge, trust and religiosity in influencing the intention to donate cash waqf online among Muslim millennials in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach Using a framework based on the theory of planned behavior, primary data was collected from 418 Muslim millennials who domiciled in large cities in Indonesia and subsequently analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Findings The main findings suggest that knowledge, trust and religiosity play a positive role in explaining the intention to donate cash waqf online among Indonesia’s millennials. Religiosity is found to be the most powerful factor in influencing attitude, while knowledge is the least significant factor influencing the attitude, which subsequently influences the intention to engage in online cash waqf. Social norms and perceived behavioral control are also positively influencing such intention. Practical implications These results imply that it is important for waqf institutions to reflect strong Islamic values in their cash waqf products and to more strongly communicate religious messages about the benefits of giving cash waqf to the millennials. It is also crucial to increase waqf literacy through appropriate campaigns. Moreover, they need to be more transparent and accountable to establish, maintain and enhance trust in their organizations. Overall, these findings are expected to provide insights enabling waqf institutions to devise effective marketing strategies for raising the level of online cash waqf donation in Indonesia. Originality/value This is thought to be one of the first studies to investigate the factors influencing online cash waqf donations among Muslim millennials in Indonesia.

The catalytic and thermal decomposition of plastic waste to fuels over low-cost catalysts like zeolite, clay, and bimetallic material is highlighted. In this paper, several relevant studies are examined, specifically the effects of each type of catalyst used on the characteristics and product distribution of the produced products. The type of catalyst plays an important role in the decomposition of plastic waste and the characteristics of the oil yields and quality. In addition, the quality and yield of the oil products depend on several factors such as (i) the operating temperature, (ii) the ratio of plastic waste and catalyst, and (iii) the type of reactor. The development of low-cost catalysts is revisited for designing better and effective materials for plastic solid waste (PSW) conversion to oil/bio-oil products.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh fraud triangle dalam menjelaskan fenomena kecurangan laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tujuh variabel independen yang diadopsi dari penelitian (Skousen, Smith, dan Wright 2009). Empat variabel dari elemen pressure (financial stability, personal financial need, external pressure,dan financial target). Dua variabel dari elemen opportunity (nature of the industry dan effective monitoring) dan satu variabel dari elemen rationalization. Berdasarkan analisis regresi logistic dari 36 perusahaan yang melakukan fraud dan 54 perusahaan yang tidak melakukan fraud selama 2011 sampai 2013 menyimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif antara financial stability (ACHANGE) anad external pressure (LEV) terhadap financial statement fraud, sementara effective monitoring (IND) memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap financial statement fraud. Hasil ini memberikan dukungan kepada fraud triangle theory dalam menjelaskan fenomena financial statement fraud.

Purpose Many non-Islamic countries are approaching halal tourism as the tourism strategy. However, studies examining Muslims’ attitudes and intentions to visit non-Islamic countries remain scarce. The purpose of this study is to test what factors influence Muslims’ intention to visit non-Islamic countries by considering their perception of halal risk and Islamic value of non-Islamic country destinations. Design/methodology/approach By distributing questionnaires to Muslim respondents, in total, this study collected 436 respondents. The hypotheses are tested using a structural equation modeling approach. Findings Results revealed that religiosity significantly affects perceived risk, but it does not have an effect on perceived Islamic values and attitude. It is also found that Muslims’ intention to visit non-Islamic countries are mainly influenced by their attitudes. Perceived halal risk and Islamic value strongly affected their attitudes toward non-Islamic countries. Interestingly, the results show that Muslims’ intention to visit non-Islamic countries is not directly influenced by perceived halal risk and Islamic value but indirectly through attitudes. Research limitations/implications The equal distribution of respondents becomes the main challenge to achieve. It cannot be controlled by researchers. Thus, the disproportionate respondents’ distribution in terms of age, gender, occupation and, most importantly, the country selection becomes the limitation of this study. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by evaluating perceived Islamic value and perceived halal risks in influencing Muslims’ intention to visit non-Islamic country destinations.