Organisasi Riset Nanoteknologi dan Material

Biokorosi atau Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) adalah salah satu bentuk korosi lokal yang dihasilkan dari mikroorganisme dan aktivitasnya yang mempunyai dampak negatif pada fasilitas di industri minyak dan gas. Keberadaan mikroorganisme dan aktivitasnya yang kompleks memainkan peranan penting dalam pembentukan biofilm dan produk korosi yang menyebabkan kerusakan peralatan. Meskipun beberapa teknik mitigasi dan pencegahan dalam usaha pengendalian mikroorganisme telah dilakukan, tinjauan tentang mitigasi korosi yang dipengaruhi mikroorganisme masih terbatas. Dalam tinjauan ini, dibahas jenis mikroorganisme terkait biokorosi, pembentukan biofilm, teknik deteksi dan evaluasi mikroorganisme, teknologi pencegahan dan pengendalian mikroorganisme di industri minyak dan gas. Perkembangan teknologi terkini pengendalian mikroorganisme di industri lainnya juga turut dibahas.

Hidrolisat protein ikan (HPI) merupakan produk dari reaksi hidrolisis ikatan peptida menghasilkan pelepasan peptida aktif pendek dan lebih mudah diserap. Ikan kakap merupakan komoditas perikanan laut yang berlimpah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia dan kemampuan bioaktif HPI dari ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus sp.) pada skala pilot (biofermentor 120 kg). Pengujian bahan baku dan HPI yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji TVB, uji ALT, uji proksimat. pembuatan HPI dilakukan dengan menggunakan enzim alkalase 20.000 U/kg substrat saat suhu 55 °C dengan waktu hidrolisis pada jam ke-0 hingga jam ke-8. Pengujian derajat hidrolisis dan uji aktivitas antioksidan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dilakukan pada tiap jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu hidrolisis mulai stabil pada jam ke-6 hingga jam ke-8. Derajat hidrolisis (DH) HPI pada jam ke-6 adalah sebesar 13,3% dan inhibisi antioksidan sebesar 6,75%. Bahan baku HPI merupakan ikan segar dengan nilai TVB 12,89%; kadar protein 21,41%; lemak 4,66%; air 72,36%; dan abu 0,95%. Komposisi kimia HPI memiliki kadar protein 19,20%; lemak 0,15%; air 0.06%; abu 1,15%. Rendemen HPI yang dihasilkan sebesar 15,75% dari bahan baku. Total mikroba dan organoleptik memenuhi standar SNI. Kandungan asam amino tertinggi dari bahan baku dan HPI merupakan asam glutamat dengan nilai masing-masing 3,3% dan 3,4%. Kandungan asam amino terendah pada bahan baku dan HPI adalah histidin dengan nilai masing-masing 0,43% dan 0,52%. Produksi HPI skala pilot menghasilkan HPI yang kaya asam amino esensial dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai ingridient pangan fungsional.KATA KUNCI: AbstractFish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is a product of the hydrolysis reaction of peptide bonds resulting in the release of short active peptides and more easily absorbed. Fish protein hydrolyzate (HPI) is a product of the hydrolysis reaction of peptide bonds resulting in the release of short active peptides that are more easily absorbed. Snapper is an abundant marine fishery commodity in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and bioactive capabilities of HPI from red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) on a pilot scale (120 kg biofermenter). Raw material and HPI testing includes organoleptic tests, TVB tests, ALT tests, proximate tests; HPI production uses the alcalase enzyme 20,000 U/kg substrate at a temperature of 55°C with a hydrolysis time of 0 to 8 hours. Tests for the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH method are carried out every hour. The results showed that the hydrolysis time began to stabilize at the 6th to the 8th hour. The value of DH HPI at the 6th hour was 13.3% and antioxidant inhibition was 6.75%. The raw material is fresh fish with a TVB of 12.89%; protein content 21.41%; fat 4.66%; water 72.36%; ash 0.95%. The resulting HPI has a protein content of 19.20%; fat 0.15%; water 0.06%; ash 1.15%. HPI yield 15.75% of raw materials. Total microbes and organoleptics meet SNI standards. The highest amino acid content of raw materials and HPI is glutamic acid with values of 3.3% and 3.4% respectively. The lowest amino acid content in raw materials and HPI is histidine with values of 0.43% and 0.52% respectively. Pilot scale HPI production produces HPI which is rich in essential amino acids and has bioactive antioxidant capabilities, so it has the potential to be used as a functional food ingredient.

Indonesia is one of the largest tin metal producers in the world, and one of its derivative products is tin chloride (SnCl4). This material has been used as a raw ingredient for the production of organotin compounds such as methyltin mercaptide for PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic industry as a heat stabilizer. On the other hand, this precursor can be used to synthesize SnO2 nanomaterials, which have other strategic potentials, including photocatalysts and solar cell applications. In this study, the synthesis of SnO2 nanocrystallites was carried out using a local tin chloride precursor via the co-precipitation method, followed by a calcination process at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C, for further usage as an ETL (electron transport layer) in a PSC (perovskite solar cell) device. The basic properties characterization was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), while the photocurrent-voltage (I-V) curve photovoltaic performance of the device was performed using a semiconductor parameter analyzer. The characterization results showed that increasing the calcination temperature from 300 to 600 °C increased the average crystallite size from 1.19 to 13.75 nm and decreased the band gap energy from 3.57 to 3.10 eV. The highest PCE (power conversion efficiency) was obtained from the device fabricated with SnO2 nanocrystallites calcined at a temperature of 300 °C, which was 0.0024%. This result was obtained due to the highest transmittance of this sample as compared to others; the higher the transmittance, the better the performance of the ETL, which in turn increased the overall efficiency of the PSC

Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab kedua terbanyak kematian pada wanita akibat kanker setelah kanker paru-paru di seluruh dunia. Steroid merupakan kelompok senyawa aktif yang diantaranya berhasil diisolasi dari genus Chisocheton yang dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas melawan sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi senyawa steroid terhadap estrogen alfa (ER-α) melalui metode in silico, yaitu penambatan molekul. Pemodelan struktur tiga dimensi (3D) senyawa steroid dilakukan dengan memperhatikan keadaan terprotonasinya pada pH 7,4. Metode in silico divalidasi melalui penambatan ulang struktur kristal ER-α, hingga diperoleh nilai RMSD < 2 Å, dengan program AutoDock 4.2.6. Dengan program yang sama, senyawa-senyawa steroid ditapis dengan metode penambatan molekul. Hasil penapisan menghasilkan nilai energi bebas dari kedua senyawa steroid yaitu -10,08 kkal/mol (7α-hidroksi-β-sitosterol) dan -10,75 kkal/mol (stigmast-5-en-3β-ol), yang nilainya lebih baik dari estradiol (-9,62 kkal/mol), sebagai ligan alami ER-α. Kedua senyawa ini berpotensi untuk menginhibisi estrogen alfa, dimana senyawa stigmast-5-en-3β-ol memiliki potensi yang lebih besar karena nilai energi bebasnya lebih rendah. Hal ini menandakan bahwa modifikasi struktur senyawa mampu mengubah nilai energi ikatan dan interaksi antara ligan dan reseptor. In Silico Study of Steroid Compound Activity Against Breast Cancer Using Estrogen Alpha (ER-α). Breast cancer is the second worldwide leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. Steroids are a group of active compounds isolated from the Chisocheton genus that has activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the interaction activity of steroid compounds against alpha estrogen receptor (ER-α) through in silico method specifically mlecular docking. The modeling of the three-dimensional structure (3D) of steroid compounds was performed by considering their protonation states at pH 7.4. The in silico method was validated by redocking the crystal structure of ER-α until obtaining an RMSD value < 2 Å, using the AutoDock 4.2.6 program. Steroids compounds were screened with the same program namely the molecular docking method. Screening results show that the free energy values of the steroid compounds were -10.08 kcal/mol (7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol) and -10.75 kcal/mol (stigmast-5-en-3β-ol), which are stronger than estradiol (-9.62 kcal/mol) as native ligand of ER-α. Both of these compounds can inhibit the alpha estrogen receptor, in which the stigmast-5-en-3β-ol compound has a greater potential because of its lower free energy value. This finding indicates that modification of the compound's structure could change the binding energy value and interaction between ligands and receptors.

Aktivitas penambangan dan pengolahan bijih nikel yang memiliki kandungan kromium tinggi mengakibatkan lepasan Cr(VI) pada air limbah pertambangan. Cr(VI) pada air limbah menjadi perhatian utama pengelolaan lingkungan pertambangan bijih nikel. Cr(VI) memiliki toksisitas dan mobilitas tinggi, serta bersifat karsinogenik dan mutagenik. Di sisi lain, proses pirometalurgi bijih nikel menghasilkan slag yang memiliki kandungan Fe tinggi dan berpotensi menjadi sumber Fe(II) untuk mengolah Cr(VI). Pengolahan Cr(VI) dengan Fe(II) dari slag nikel dilakukan pada kondisi batch dan kontinu untuk menentukan parameter kunci yaitu rasio berat Fe(II):Cr(VI). Kondisi batch pada konsentrasi Fe(II) di larutan fero sulfat tetap dan bervariasi dengan menerapkan rasio berat Fe(II):Cr(VI) 1:1; 2,5:1; 5:1; 7,5:1; 10:1 dan 12,5:1 diperoleh penurunan Cr(VI) pada rentang 98,18 - 99,09%. Kondisi kontinu pada rasio berat Fe(II):Cr(VI)=7,5:1 diperoleh penurunan Cr(VI) pada rentang 98,46 - 100%. Hasil analisis konsentrasi logam terlarut Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr pada air limbah hasil pengolahan telah memenuhi baku mutu air limbah pertambangan bijih nikel di Indonesia, dan konsentrasi logam terlarut As < 0,001 mg/L. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Fe(II) dari slag nikel dapat menurunkan Cr(VI) pada air limbah pertambangan bijih nikel dengan signifikan.

Basalt merupakan batuan beku vulkanik yang memiliki keunggulan seperti ketahanan aus, kekerasan tinggi, dan tahan terhadap reaksi kimia sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pengisi pada komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan panas basalt lebur terhadap sifat mekanik komposit resin polyester . Filler komposit dibuat dari basalt lebur perlakuan normalizing dengan ukuran lolos mesh 60, 100, 150, dan 200. Fraksi berat resin polyester adalah 30%, 40%, dan 50%. Proses pencetakan komposit dengan alat press hidrolik pada beban kompaksi 2 ton dengan waktu penahanan 15 menit. Pengujian mekanik meliputi uji tekan sesuai standar ASTM D695-15, uji keteguhan lentur (MOE), dan uji keteguhan patah (MOR). Selain itu juga diuji daya serap air (DSA) sesuai dengan standar JIS A 5908-2003. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kuat tekan terbesar 10,314 N/mm 2 , MOE sebesar 741.976 kg/cm 2 , dan MOR sebesar 59,769 kg/cm 2 dengan nilai DSA sebesar 0,13% diperoleh dari spesimen ukuran filler lolos mesh 200 dengan 50% berat resin polyester . Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi batuan basalt sebagai filler komposit dan dapat dikembangkan menjadi material maju untuk memperoleh sifat mekanik yang unggul.

Degenerative disease is a disease that has a large number of sufferers in Indonesia and throughout the world, one of the causes of many sufferers of degenerative diseases such as diabetes and cancer is the large amount of exposure to free radicals in the body as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle. Antioxidant compounds are one of the chemical compounds that can be used and utilized to inhibit the oxidation process as a result of the presence of free radicals, so that the incidence of degenerative diseases can be suppressed. In this study, the active extraction and fractionation process from Macaranga magna Turrill leaves which have antioxidant activity and can be developed as a compound inhibiting the oxidation process of free radicals using the chromatographic method, as well as testing the antioxidant activity using the free radical inhibition method 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Preliminary test results of antioxidant activity on the methanol extract of Macaranga magna Turrill leaves are known that this plant has potential as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 11.13 ?g/mL, this is also supported by the test results of total flavonoids 19.47 mg QE/g extract and total phenol 37, 77 mg GAE/g extract.

The low level of coral reef ecosystems in excellent condition in Bali waters shows the need for rehabilitation and restoration efforts on coral reefs. Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) plays an essential role as a trigger for the attachment and metamorphosis of coral planules because it can produce chemical signals that the planula can perceive as instructions for attachment to the substrate. It is necessary to pay attention to the materials that make up the substrate. One of the substrate materials that can be used is ceramic. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of ceramics as a material for making artificial reefs on CCA growth. The effectiveness of ceramics is measured based on the type and composition of the ceramic materials. Each ceramic substrate was tested for surface texture, material composition and water absorption level. The data collected consists of water quality and CCA coverage. Differences in CCA coverage on the composition and type of material making up the ceramic substrate were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the use of 5% composition of all types of materials provided a significantly higher difference in CCA coverage, and ceramic waste (grog) provided a significantly higher difference in CCA coverage than other materials. Based on the two-way ANOVA test (P = 0.195), it shows that the interaction between the percentage of composition and the type of additional material does not significantly influence CCA coverage. Abstrak Rendahnya ekosistem terumbu karang dalam kondisi sangat baik di Perairan Bali menunjukkan perlunya upaya rehabilitasi dan restorasi terhadap terumbu karang. Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) berperan penting sebagai pemicu penempelan dan metamorfosis planula karang karena dapat menghasilkan sinyal kimia yang dapat ditangkap planula sebagai petunjuk melakukan penempelan pada substrat. Bahan penyusun substrat perlu diperhatikan, salah satu bahan substrat yang dapat digunakan adalah keramik. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas keramik sebagai material penyusun terumbu buatan terhadap pertumbuhan CCA. Efektifitas keramik diukur berdasarkan jenis dan komposisi bahan penyusun keramik. Pada masing-masing substrat keramik dilakukan pengujian tekstur permukaan, komposisi bahan, dan tingkat penyerapan air. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas data kualitas air dan tutupan CCA. Perbedaan tutupan CCA pada komposisi dan jenis material penyusun substrat keramik dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA dua arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan 5% komposisi semua jenis material memberikan perbedaan tutupan CCA yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dan limbah keramik (grog) memberikan perbedaan tutupan CCA yang secara signifikan daripada material lainnya. Berdasarkan uji ANOVA dua arah (P = 0,195) menunjukkan bahwa interaksi faktor persentase komposisi dan jenis material bahan tambahan tidak signifikan memberikan pengaruh terhadap tutupan CCA.

Pandemi Covid-19 yang terus menyebar dengan cepat telah menimbulkan krisis ekonomi. Masyarakat perlu memiliki skill tambahan yang dapat meningkatkan potensi wirausaha mandiri masyarakat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi wirausaha mandiri ibu-ibu PKK Desa Tangkil melalui pelatihan pembuatan sabun cuci tangan dan hand sanitizer dan memberikan penyuluhan penyimpanan masker yang benar serta pentingnya melaksanakan 3M (mencuci tangan, memakai masker, dan menjaga jarak) untuk membatasi penularan Covid-19. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui tahap perencanaan, persiapan, pelaksanaan yang diawali dan diakhiri dengan survey, serta tahap evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan secara umum menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan yang signifikan dalam pembuatan sabun cuci tangan dan hand sanitizer. Serta terjadi peningkatan kesadaran pentingnya penyimpanan masker dengan benar dan tetap melaksanakan 3M (mencuci tangan, memakai masker, dan menjaga jarak) untuk membatasi penularan Covid-19.

Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease in the form of metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood glucose levels and impaired insulin metabolism. Yakon leaves and tea leaves contain phenolic compounds which have ?-glucosidase inhibiting activity. The aims of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of the ?-glucosidase enzyme from tea leaf and yakon leaf extracts and the combination of the two plants. Extraction of the active compounds contained in tea leaves and yakon leaves was carried out by graded maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol and water as solvents (using the decoction method). Phytochemical analysis of 96% ethanol extract of tea leaves and yakon leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids/steroids and phenols. The results of testing the inhibitory activity of the -glucosidase enzyme showed that the IC50 values ??for 96% ethanol extract of tea leaves and yakon leaves were 22.31 and 19.70 ppm, respectively. Combination of 96% ethanol extract of tea leaves and yakon leaves in a ratio of 1:1; 1:3; 3:1 obtained IC50 of 64.73 ppm respectively; 7.34 ppm, and 11.03 ppm.

This study aims to fabricate and characterize a syringe carbon paste electrode (SCPE) using K3Fe(CN)6 10 mM solution with cyclic voltammetry technique. Characterization is performed by varying pH (pH 4, 7, and 10) and scan rate (30 - 100 mV/s) so that the characteristics of SCPE can be observed. The K3Fe(CN)6 10 mM solution test results at various pH variations obtained the largest anodic peak current (Ipa) at pH 10 was 44.75 µA. The scan rate results at various pH showed linear results with the diffusion coefficient of 1.77 x 10-6 cm2/s, 1.65 x 10-6 cm2/s, and 2.50 x 10-6 cm2/s with r values of 0.9994, 0.9975, and 0.9992 for pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10 respectively. This indicated that a diffusion process controlled this system's mass transfer in various pH. The detection of nitrite ions at a concentration of 2 mM showed a clear oxidation peak, with the highest Ipa value of 61.28 µA in pH 7 buffer solution.

The Garcinia genus comes from the Clusiaceae family which grows a lot in the tropical forests of Indonesia. This genus is reported to contain many secondary metabolites, one of which is triterpenoid which is useful as a cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, and antibacterial. One species of Garcinia whose triterpenoid content is still not widely known is G. cymosa. This study aims to obtain triterpenoid compounds in G. cymosa stem bark that are active against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. G. cymosa stem bark powder (0.9 kg) was macerated in stages with n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents. The ethyl acetate extract showed positive results for containing triterpenoid compounds after being tested with the Liebermann-Burchard reagent, so the ethyl acetate extract (25 g) was purified and purified by various chromatographic methods. The chemical structure of pure isolate (10 mg) was determined using various spectroscopic techniques IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1HCOSY, HMQC, and HMBC and compared with the literature so that it was designated as triterpenoid acid 3β-hydroxy-5- gluten-28-oat and required its cytotoxic activity using the Presto Blue method against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 94.78 µg/mL. This IC50 value belongs to the active category so this compound has potential as an anticancer drug.

Nyatoh plant (Palaquium amboinense B.) is native to Indonesia which is known to have the ability to produce potential secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities from bioactive compounds produced by endophytic bacteria from nyatoh leaves. Five endophytic bacteria were tested against 4 targeted bacteria including Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Bacterial isolate which had the strongest antibacterial activity was then fermented and extracted. The corresponding extract was further tested on disc diffusion method, determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values, antioxidant evaluation, and analyzed for its bioactive compound components via GC-MS analysis. The results showed that one isolate, namely D1 can produce secondary metabolite which act as antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. This corresponding extract has the strongest MIC and MBC against B. subtilis with value of 39.5 and >78.1 µg/ml and exhibited antioxidant activity against 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) with inhibition value of 85.37%. Based on GC-MS analysis, secondary metabolites derived from this potential extract contained some major active constituents including Tributyl acetylcitrate and bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester which might act as antibacterial and antioxidant agents.

Fasilitas laboratorium kalibrasi dan pengujian harus dijaga kondisi lingkungannya agar tidak memberikan pengaruh buruk pada hasil pengukuran. Kondisi lingkungan perlu dipantau, dicatat dan dikendalikan sehingga laboratorium kalibrasi dan pengujian dapat melakukan pengukuran tanpa mempengaruhi keabsahan hasil. Pada penelitian ini teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) diimplementasikan dalam pemantauan dan pengumpulan data lingkungan laboratorium yang berupa data suhu, kelembapan relatif, dan tekanan udara. Data kondisi lingkungan diakuisisi menggunakan mikrokontroler yang terhubung ke server melalui jaringan WIFI. Informasi mengenai kondisi laboratorium disimpan dan ditampilkan pada laman website secara real-time . Sebagai validasi data pengukuran kondisi lingkungan, sensor-sensor dikalibrasi terhadap termo-higrometer acuan, dan kemudian penunjukannya dikoreksi menggunakan metode curve-fitting . Selain itu, hasil pengukuran modul kondisi lingkungan juga dibandingkan dengan alat ukur kondisi lingkungan komersial dengan tingkat akurasi yang sama. Hasil validasi pengukuran menunjukkan performa pengukuran yang setara dengan alat ukur kondisi lingkungan komersial. Modul kondisi lingkungan hasil penelitian ini memiliki nilai ketidakpastian pengukuran yang berkaitan dengan pengukuran parameter suhu lingkungan sebesar ±0,3 °C dan ±2,3 %RH untuk parameter kelembapan relatif udara. Kata Kunci : IoT, internet of things , data logger , ESP32, kalibrasi

Chisocheton is a plant of the Meliaceae family which has been known as a source of limonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenolics. This plant is the second largest in the Meliaceae, with 53 species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions including Indonesia. From this genus, compounds that have interesting activities have been found, including anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, cytotoxic, antitumor and anticancer. One of the species that has the potential to find new compounds is Chisocheton lasiocarpus because there are still few phytochemical studies. This study aims to inform the structural elucidation of one of the compounds from the stem bark of C. lasiocarpus, namely morelloflavone and its cytotoxic potential against breast cancer cells using the in silico method against ER-α receptors (PDB code: 3ERD), ER-β (PDB code: 1QKM). ) and HER-2 (GDP code: 3PP0).

Photocatalyst ceramic is a product that has the potential to be developed by MSMEs when sales and income decline. Photocatalyst ceramics act as disposable, display, and functional objects. However, it is not yet known whether MSMEs are capable of producing wall displays or table displays. The purpose of this study: to determine the potential of MSMEs to produce wall display products and table displays, to examine the differences in the ability of MSMEs to produce wall display and table display products, and to disseminate photocatalyzed ceramic products as a result of BRIN's research which has the prospect of being developed by MSMEs. The research method used is: the interview method and the list of questions, the stratified purposive sampling, and the difference test of two independent samples. The results showed: 1) The biggest opportunity for MSMEs to produce photocatalytic ceramics for wall displays is Panji Ceramic, while table display products are Grazinia Ceramic; 2) There is no difference in the ability of MSMEs to produce photocatalyzed ceramics for wall displays and table displays; and 3) Photocatalyst ceramic products resulting from BRIN's research can be developed by ceramic MSMEs, including: (a) wall displays: meru motif tiles, songket motif tiles, and earthenware lamp holders; and (b) table displays: coral leaf ashtray, classic lampshade, modern lampshade, flower vase, pyramid-shaped lampshade, and ape-patterned earthenware flower pot.

Inhibition of the α-glucosidase can be used as antidiabetic therapy because it can reduce postprandial blood sugar levels. The stem bark of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) have properties as inhibitors of enzyme α-glucosidase. The purpose of this study was to determine the active compound of mahogany stem bark againstα-glucosidase enzyme in vitro and in silico. 96% ethanol extract of mahogany stem bark was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. Testing of inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme work done with substrate p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. The water fraction was separated on silica gel column chromatography (SiO2 : dichloromethane-methanol = 10 : 1 ~ 1 : 1 and methanol).Molecular docking using AutoDock 4.2.6 was performed to predict the binding modes of α-glucosidase enzyme with chemical compound from water subfraction of stem bark mahogany. The results showed that water fraction of stem bark mahogany have antidiabetic activity with IC50 value of 1.51 µg/mL. Fraction Fr-1 gave an inhibition of 83.61 ± 1.11 %. Fr-1 contains chemical compound catechin, evodionol and swietenitin K. In silico study showed that catechin and evodionol free energy value (ΔG) -6.98 and -6.25 Kcal/mol and inhibition constanta (Ki) 7.61 and 26.18 µM.

Bioetanol dan biobutanol dari biomasa lignoselulosa menjadi bahan bakarterbarukan yang sedang menarik perhatian banyak peneliti. Berbagai macambiomasa lignoselulosa yang berupa limbah pertanian, perkebunan,pengolahan hasil hutan, industri dan sampah kota telah diteliti untukdikonversi menjadi alkokol. Berbagai parameter proses mempengaruhiefisiensi dan efektifitas proses konversi biomasa limbah organik tersebutmenjadi alkohol. Salah satu parameter yang tidak banyak diperhatikan olehpeneliti di Indonesia adalah pengaruh ukuran partikel biomasa terhadaptingkat capaian proses konversi biomasa menjadi alkohol. Tinjauan iniditujukan untuk melihat pengaruh ukuran partikel biomasa lignoselulosaterhadap pembuatan bioetanol dan biobutanol sebagai bahan bakar.Peninjauan dilakukan melalui kajian pustaka (desk study) dan ditambahkandengan data primer hasil penelitian di Pusat Penelitian Kimia. Tinjauan inimemperlihatkan bahwa ukuran partikel biomasa mempengaruhi berat jenisunggun, viskositas campuran, luas permukaan spesifik yang kemudianmenentukan luas permukaan kontak. Disamping itu, proses penggilinganmempengaruhi porositas partikel biomasa dan menurunkan kristalinitasselulosa. Semuanya akan mempengaruhi digestabilitas selulosa selama proseshirolisa. Meskipun pengaruh ukuran partikel pada proses konversi masihkontroversi, dan masih menjadi bahan kajian para peneliti, tetapi sebagianbesar memperlihatkan bahwa semakin kecil ukuran partikel biomasa, sampaibatas tertentu, akan meningkatkan proses hidrolisa selulosa menjadi gulasehingga meningkatkan jumlah alkohol yang dihasilkan. Selainmempengaruhi tingkat capaian konversi, ukuran partikel biomasa jugamempengaruhi biaya proses.