Pelita Harapan University

Executive Summary Heart failure is a life-threatening disease and addressing it should be considered a global health priority. At present, approximately 26 million people worldwide are living with heart failure. The outlook for such patients is poor, with survival rates worse than those for bowel, breast or prostate cancer. Furthermore, heart failure places great stresses on patients, caregivers and healthcare systems. Demands on healthcare services, in particular, are predicted to increase dramatically over the next decade as patient numbers rise owing to ageing populations, detrimental lifestyle changes and improved survival of those who go on to develop heart failure as the final stage of another disease. It is time to ease the strain on healthcare systems through clear policy initiatives that prioritize heart failure prevention and champion equity of care for all. Despite the burdens that heart failure imposes on society, awareness of the disease is poor. As a result, many premature deaths occur. This is in spite of the fact that most types of heart failure are preventable and that a healthy lifestyle can reduce risk. Even after heart failure has developed, premature deaths could be prevented if people were taught to recognize the symptoms and seek immediate medical attention. Public awareness campaigns focusing on these messages have great potential to improve outcomes for patients with heart failure and ultimately to save lives. Compliance with clinical practice guidelines is also associated with improved outcomes for patients with heart failure. However, in many countries, there is considerable variation in how closely physicians follow guideline recommendations. To promote equity of care, improvements should be encouraged through the use of hospital performance measures and incentives appropriate to the locality. To this end, policies should promote the research required to establish an evidence base for performance measures that reflect improved outcomes for patients. Continuing research is essential if we are to address unmet needs in caring for patients with heart failure. New therapies are required for patients with types of heart failure for which current treatments relieve symptoms but do not address the disease. More affordable therapies are desperately needed in the economically developing world. International collaborative research focusing on the causes and treatment of heart failure worldwide has the potential to benefit tens of millions of people. Change at the policy level has the power to drive improvements in prevention and care that will save lives. It is time to make a difference across the globe by confronting the problem of heart failure. A call to action: policy recommendations We urge policymakers at local, national and international levels to collaborate and act on the following recommendations. Promote heart failure prevention Support the development and implementation of public awareness programmes about heart failure. These should define heart failure in simple and accessible language, explain how to recognize the symptoms and emphasize that most types of heart failure are preventable.Highlight the need for healthcare professionals across all clinical disciplines to identify patients with illnesses that increase the risk of heart failure and to prescribe preventive medications.Prioritize the elimination of infectious diseases in parts of the world where they still cause heart failure. Improve heart failure awareness amongst healthcare professionals Encourage the development and use of heart failure education programmes for all appropriate healthcare professionals. These should aim to improve the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of heart failure and raise awareness of clinical practice guidelines. Ensure equity of care for all patients with heart failure Provide a healthcare system that delivers timely access to diagnostic services and treatment of heart failure, as well as a seamless transition to long-term management.Ensure that the best available and most appropriate care is consistently provided to all patients with heart failure through efficient use of resources. Support and empower patients and their caregivers Provide resources for the education and practical support of patients with heart failure and their families or other caregivers, empowering them to engage proactively in long-term care. Promote heart failure research Fund and encourage international collaborative research to improve understanding of the patterns, causes and effects of modern day heart failure and how the disease can be prevented across the globe.Fund and encourage research into new and more affordable therapies and medical devices for all types of heart failure.Fund and encourage research into evidence-based healthcare performance measures that reflect improved clinical outcomes for patients with heart failure.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi mendapatkan informasi kendala proses belajar mengajar secara online di rumah akibat dari adanya pandemic COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus eksplorasi dan pendekatan penelitiannya menggunakan metode  studi kasus kualitatif yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi kendala dan akibat dari pandemic COVID-19 terhadap kegiatan proses belajar mengajar di sekolah dasar. Dalam penelitian ini, responden sebanyak 6  orang guru dan orang tua  murid di sebuah sekolah dasar di Tangerang. Untuk tujuan kerahasiaan, responden diberi inisial R1, R2, R3, R4, R5  dan R6. Wawancara semi-terstruktur  dilakukan dan  daftar pertanyaan disusun untuk  wawancara dikembangkan berdasarkan literatur terkait. Responden untuk penelitian ini adalah para guru dan orang tua murid di sebuah sekolah dasar di Tangerang. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat beberapa kendala yang dialami oleh murid, guru dan orang tua dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar online yaitu penguasaan teknologi masih kurang, penambahan biaya  kuota internet, adanya pekerjan tambahan bagi orang tua dalam mendampingi anak belajar, komunikasi dan sosialisasi antar siswa, guru dan orang tua menjadi berkurang dan Jam kerja yang menjadi tidak terbatas bagi guru karena harus berkomunikasi dan berkoordinasi dengan orang tua, guru lain, dan kepala sekolah.

Abstract Objective Clinical and laboratory biomarkers to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are essential in this pandemic situation of which resource allocation must be urgently prepared especially in the context of respiratory support readiness. Lymphocyte count has been a marker of interest since the first COVID-19 publication. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association of lymphocyte count on admission and the severity of COVID-19. We would also like to analyze whether patient characteristics such as age and comorbidities affect the relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19. Methods Comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar. Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. Inverse variance method was used to obtain mean differences and its standard deviations. Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis regardless of heterogeneity. Restricted-maximum likelihood random-effects meta-regression was performed for age, gender, cardiac comorbidity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and smoking. Results There were a total of 3099 patients from 24 studies. Meta-analysis showed that patients with poor outcome have a lower lymphocyte count (mean difference − 361.06 μL [− 439.18, − 282.95], p < 0.001; I 2 84%) compared to those with good outcome. Subgroup analysis showed lower lymphocyte count in patients who died (mean difference − 395.35 μL [− 165.64, − 625.07], p < 0.001; I 2 87%), experienced ARDS (mean difference − 377.56 μL [− 271.89, − 483.22], p < 0.001; I 2 0%), received ICU care (mean difference − 376.53 μL [− 682.84, − 70.22], p = 0.02; I 2 89%), and have severe COVID-19 (mean difference − 353.34 μL [− 250.94, − 455.73], p < 0.001; I 2 85%). Lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 3.70 [2.44, 5.63], p < 0.001; I 2 40%). Meta-regression showed that the association between lymphocyte count and composite poor outcome was affected by age ( p = 0.034). Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that lymphopenia on admission was associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Patients critically ill with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) feature hyperinflammation, and the associated biomarkers may be beneficial for risk stratification. We aimed to investigate the association between several biomarkers, including serum C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, and serum ferritin, and COVID-19 severity. Methods: We performed a comprehensive systematic literature search through electronic databases. The outcome of interest for this study was the composite poor outcome, which comprises mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome, need for care in an intensive care unit, and severe COVID-19. Results: A total of 5350 patients were pooled from 25 studies. Elevated CRP was associated with an increased composite poor outcome [risk ratio (RR) 1.84 (1.45, 2.33), p < 0.001; I 2 : 96%] and its severe COVID-19 (RR 1.41; I 2 : 93%) subgroup. A CRP ⩾10 mg/L has a 51% sensitivity, 88% specificity, likelihood ratio (LR) + of 4.1, LR- of 0.5, and an area under curve (AUC) of 0.84. An elevated PCT was associated with an increased composite poor outcome [RR 3.92 (2.42, 6.35), p < 0.001; I 2 : 85%] and its mortality (RR 6.26; I 2 : 96%) and severe COVID-19 (RR 3.93; I 2 : 63%) subgroups. A PCT ⩾0.5 ng/ml has an 88% sensitivity, 68% specificity, LR+ of 2.7, LR- of 0.2, and an AUC of 0.88. An elevated D-dimer was associated with an increased composite poor outcome [RR 2.93 (2.14, 4.01), p < 0.001; I 2 : 77%], including its mortality (RR 4.15; I 2 : 83%) and severe COVID-19 (RR 2.42; I 2 : 58%) subgroups. A D-dimer >0.5 mg/L has a 58% sensitivity, 69% specificity, LR+ of 1.8, LR- of 0.6, and an AUC of 0.69. Patients with a composite poor outcome had a higher serum ferritin with a standardized mean difference of 0.90 (0.64, 1.15), p < 0.0001; I 2 : 76%. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that an elevated serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and ferritin were associated with a poor outcome in COVID-19. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

This study aims to examine the effect of business strategies to improve the competitive advantages of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Further, our study considers the importance of performance and innovation as mediating variables in the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantage. The sample of the study consists of 150 SMEs in the construction and real estate industry. Our findings show that business strategies have a positive impact on competitive advantage. Better business strategies improve the competitive advantage of SMEs. Further, business performance and innovation also mediate the relationship between business strategies and competitive advantages. These results provide evidence of the importance of performance and innovation to improve the competitive advantage. It is suggested that SMEs improve their performance and innovation capability to strengthen their competitive advantages.

Kabupaten Tegal memiliki berbagai industri yang tersebar di 18 Kecamatan, industri-industri tersebutlah yang dapat menopang laju perekonomian pada Kabupaten Tegal. Pemerintah Kabupaten Tegal dalam melakukan pendataan industri tersebut masih mengandalkan sensus yang dilakukan secara manual. Data yang ditampilkan dari hasil sensus tersebutpun masih tersentral dipublikasikan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan informasinya hanya berupa tabel-tabel tanpa visualisasi yang menarik. Kurangnya informasi industri yang disampaikan kepada masyarakat, menyebabkan industri-industri yang ada di Kabupaten Tegal kurang dikenal oleh masyarakat luas sehingga pangsa pasar industri Kabupaten Tegalpun tidak maksimal, disamping itu juga peluang untuk mendapatkan investor guna pengembangan usahapun menjadi terbatas. Sistem Informasi Geografis merupakan sistem komputer yang dapat merekam, menyimpan, menulis, menganalisis dan menampilkan data geografis. Dengan menggunakan metode Waterfall maka rancangan sistem informasi geografis dapat memberikan informasi mengenai profil industri, jenis produksi, nilai investasi, peta industri dan lokasi industri disetiap desa maupun kecamatan yang ada di kabupaten Tegal.

BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0-8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46-2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57-3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0-14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contributed 1·45 billion (1·31-1·61) global DALYs in 2010, increasing to 1·80 billion (1·63-2·03) in 2023, alongside a concurrent 4·1% (1·9-6·3) reduction in age-standardised rates. Based on DALY counts, the leading level 3 NCDs in 2023 were ischaemic heart disease (193 million [176-209] DALYs), stroke (157 million [141-172]), and diabetes (90·2 million [75·2-107]), with the largest increases in age-standardised rates since 2010 occurring for anxiety disorders (62·8% [34·0-107·5]), depressive disorders (26·3% [11·6-42·9]), and diabetes (14·9% [7·5-25·6]). Remarkable health gains were made for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, with DALYs falling from 874 million (837-917) in 2010 to 681 million (642-736) in 2023, and a 25·8% (22·6-28·7) reduction in age-standardised DALY rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DALYs due to CMNN diseases rose but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023. From 2010 to 2023, decreases in age-standardised rates for CMNN diseases were led by rate decreases of 49·1% (32·7-61·0) for diarrhoeal diseases, 42·9% (38·0-48·0) for HIV/AIDS, and 42·2% (23·6-56·6) for tuberculosis. Neonatal disorders and lower respiratory infections remained the leading level 3 CMNN causes globally in 2023, although both showed notable rate decreases from 2010, declining by 16·5% (10·6-22·0) and 24·8% (7·4-36·7), respectively. Injury-related age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 15·6% (10·7-19·8) over the same period. Differences in burden due to NCDs, CMNN diseases, and injuries persisted across age, sex, time, and location. Based on our risk analysis, nearly 50% (1·27 billion [1·18-1·38]) of the roughly 2·80 billion total global DALYs in 2023 were attributable to the 88 risk factors analysed in GBD. Globally, the five level 3 risk factors contributing the highest proportion of risk-attributable DALYs were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), smoking, and low birthweight and short gestation-with high SBP accounting for 8·4% (6·9-10·0) of total DALYs. Of the three overarching level 1 GBD risk factor categories-behavioural, metabolic, and environmental and occupational-risk-attributable DALYs rose between 2010 and 2023 only for metabolic risks, increasing by 30·7% (24·8-37·3); however, age-standardised DALY rates attributable to metabolic risks decreased by 6·7% (2·0-11·0) over the same period. For all but three of the 25 leading level 3 risk factors, age-standardised rates dropped between 2010 and 2023-eg, declining by 54·4% (38·7-65·3) for unsafe sanitation, 50·5% (33·3-63·1) for unsafe water source, and 45·2% (25·6-72·0) for no access to handwashing facility, and by 44·9% (37·3-53·5) for child growth failure. The three leading level 3 risk factors for which age-standardised attributable DALY rates rose were high BMI (10·5% [0·1 to 20·9]), drug use (8·4% [2·6 to 15·3]), and high FPG (6·2% [-2·7 to 15·6]; non-significant). INTERPRETATION: Our findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of global health challenges. Since 2010, there have been large decreases in burden due to CMNN diseases and many environmental and behavioural risk factors, juxtaposed with sizeable increases in DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors and NCDs in growing and ageing populations. This long-observed consequence of the global epidemiological transition was only temporarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The substantially decreasing CMNN disease burden, despite the 2008 global financial crisis and pandemic-related disruptions, is one of the greatest collective public health successes known. However, these achievements are at risk of being reversed due to major cuts to development assistance for health globally, the effects of which will hit low-income countries with high burden the hardest. Without sustained investment in evidence-based interventions and policies, progress could stall or reverse, leading to widespread human costs and geopolitical instability. Moreover, the rising NCD burden necessitates intensified efforts to mitigate exposure to leading risk factors-eg, air pollution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG-including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet this can be only part of the solution. Our response to the NCD syndemic-the complex interaction of multiple health risks, social determinants, and systemic challenges-will define the future landscape of global health. To ensure human wellbeing, economic stability, and social equity, global action to sustain and advance health gains must prioritise reducing disparities by addressing socioeconomic and demographic determinants, ensuring equitable health-care access, tackling malnutrition, strengthening health systems, and improving vaccination coverage. We live in times of great opportunity. FUNDING: Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Objective: To investigate the association between hypertension and outcome in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search from several databases on studies that assess hypertension and outcome in COVID-19. Composite of poor outcome, comprising of mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) care and disease progression were the outcomes of interest. Results: A total of 6560 patients were pooled from 30 studies. Hypertension was associated with increased composite poor outcome (risk ratio (RR) 2.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85, 2.40), p < 0.001; I 2 , 44%) and its sub-group, including mortality (RR 2.21 (1.74, 2.81), p < 0.001; I 2 , 66%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.04 (1.69, 2.47), p < 0.001; I 2 31%), ARDS (RR 1.64 (1.11, 2.43), p = 0.01; I 2 ,0%, p = 0.35), ICU care (RR 2.11 (1.34, 3.33), p = 0.001; I 2 18%, p = 0.30), and disease progression (RR 3.01 (1.51, 5.99), p = 0.002; I 2 0%, p = 0.55). Meta-regression analysis showed that gender ( p = 0.013) was a covariate that affects the association. The association was stronger in studies with a percentage of males < 55% compared to ⩾ 55% (RR 2.32 v. RR 1.79). Conclusion: Hypertension was associated with increased composite poor outcome, including mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, need for ICU care and disease progression in patients with COVID-19.

Information technology are two things that can not be separated at this time, it is seen from the process to obtain information that can be obtained quickly, precisely, and accurately supported by technological progress is increasingly sophisticated. Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal is one of the educational institutions that have a complete system in data processing, which requires all data to be well processed, stored neatly and easily traced. The purpose of this research is to develop academic information system at Politiknik Harapan Bersama Tegal by using Unified Modeling Language (UML) model as model development that made. The final result of this research is a web-based acadeic information system that can provide optimization of Service Plan study cards and students of Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal.

Authentication is one of the significant issues in the era of information system. Among other things, human face recognition (HFR) is one of known techniques which can be used for user authentication. As an important branch of biometric verification, HFR has been widely used in many applications, such as video monitoring/surveillance system, human-computer interaction, door access control system and network security. This paper proposes a method for student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique by combining Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to extract the features of student's face which is followed by applying Radial Basis Function (RBF) for classifying the facial objects. From the experiments which is conducted by involving 16 students situated in classroom setting, it results in 121 out of 148 successful faces recognition.

This study was commenced in order to examine the impact that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use had toward consumers’ loyalty within the computer industry in China, either directly or indirectly through satisfaction and trust. This current study utilized the survey method; questionnaires were selected as the instrument which would be used to collect all of the data from the respondents. All of the questionnaires were electronically distributed through an online survey site to a total of 400 respondents, who originated from, or were living in, five cities in China. After gathering and assessing all of the collected data, a total of 346 items of data were deemed usable, thus enabling these sets of data to be further analyzed by this study. All of these data were further analyzed using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method using SmartPLS 3.3.2 software. Based on the results obtained through the data’s analyses, the authors would like to conclude that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use had a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction, trust and customer loyalty within China’s computer industry. Furthermore, in this study, both customer satisfaction and trust have been found to positively mediate the impact of perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use toward customer loyalty; trust serves as a better mediator compared to satisfaction. Meanwhile, this study contributed to the expansion and the enrichment of the literature in the field of marketing by thoroughly examining the implementation of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in predicting customer loyalty within China’s computer industry.

Hypertension is an important public health issue because of its association with a number of significant diseases and adverse outcomes. However, there are important ethnic differences in the pathogenesis and cardio-/cerebrovascular consequences of hypertension. Given the large populations and rapidly aging demographic in Asian regions, optimal strategies to diagnose and manage hypertension are of high importance. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is an important out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement tool that should play a central role in hypertension detection and management. The use of ABPM is particularly important in Asia due to the specific features of hypertension in Asian patients, including a high prevalence of masked hypertension, disrupted BP variability with marked morning BP surge, and nocturnal hypertension. This HOPE Asia Network document summarizes region-specific literature on the relationship between ABPM parameters and cardiovascular risk and target organ damage, providing a rationale for consensus-based recommendations on the use of ABPM in Asia. The aim of these recommendations is to guide and improve clinical practice to facilitate optimal BP monitoring with the goal of optimizing patient management and expediting the efficient allocation of treatment and health care resources. This should contribute to the HOPE Asia Network mission of improving the management of hypertension and organ protection toward achieving "zero" cardiovascular events in Asia.

Stroke is the primary cause of disability and vascular death worldwide, including Asia. Asian characteristics that differ from the West lead to higher stroke incidence. Stroke epidemiology studies in Asia have shown varying levels of mortality, incidence, prevalence, and burden of disease. Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor found in Asia. Besides ethnicity that is associated with stroke incidence, both systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and blood pressure variability are positively correlated with stroke incidence. Post-stroke cognitive impairment is one of the sequelae that affect one-third of stroke survivors and has become a significant public health concern that is often neglected despite its increasing prevalence. Therefore, it is very important to prevent recurrence by treating stroke optimally and effectively. Increasing awareness and treatment adherence to hypertension, the leading risk factor for stroke, became the main goal in several countries in Asia.

Evaluasi program hadir untuk memberikan masukan, kajian dan pertimbangan dalam menentukan apakah program layak untuk diteruskan atau dihentikan. Dengan kondisi demikian maka istilah evaluasi program menjadi sesuatu yang lumrah di lembaga pendidikan. Kajian ini untuk memberikan ulasan dan pengantar pentingnya sebuah evaluasi program di lembaga pendidikan. Kajian utam dalam tulisan ini adalah pengertian, tujuan dan maanfaat dari evaluasi. Tujuan adanya evaluasi program adalah memberikan pertimbangan sebelum adanya keputusan dari pemilik kebijakan. Manfaatnya adalah adanya keputusan yang tepat terhadap program yang sedang atau sudah dilaksanakan.

Previous studies reveal a gap in the literature regarding the role of knowledge-sharing behavior and person-organization fit as mediating variables in assessing the impact of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior. Additionally, some studies show that transformational leadership and person-organization fit influence innovative work behavior, while other studies have found that they do not. This study investigates the effects of transformational leadership, person-organization fit, and knowledge-sharing behavior on teachers' innovative work behavior and explores the role of knowledge-sharing behavior and person-organization fit as mediator variables. The study utilizes the partial least squares (PLS)-structural equation modeling (SEM) method to analyze data from 260 private elementary school teachers in South Jakarta, Indonesia. The result showed that transformational leadership does not positively affect innovative work behavior directly; however, the effect of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior becomes positive through knowledge-sharing behavior. Person-organization fit and knowledge-sharing behavior are shown to affect innovative work behavior positively, although the mediating variable did not increase the effect of person-organization fit on innovative work behavior.

Background: Abnormalities in hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic biomarkers have been shown to be associated with severity and mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, early evaluation and monitoring of both liver and kidney functions, as well as hematologic parameters, are pivotal to forecast the progression of COVID-19. Objectives: In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between several complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), acute liver injury (ALI), and coagulopathy, with poor outcomes in COVID-19. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Setting: Observational studies reporting AKI, ALI, and coagulopathy along with the outcomes of clinically validated death, severe COVID-19, or intensive care unit (ICU) care were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were abstract-only publications, review articles, commentaries, letters, case reports, non-English language articles, and studies that did not report key exposures or outcomes of interest. Patients: Adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Measurements: Data extracted included author, year, study design, age, sex, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, respiratory comorbidities, chronic kidney disease, mortality, severe COVID-19, and need for ICU care. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, and the Cochrane Central Database. AKI and ALI follow the definition of the included studies. Coagulopathy refers to the coagulopathy or disseminated intravascular coagulation defined in the included studies. The outcome of interest was a composite of mortality, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. We used random-effects models regardless of heterogeneity to calculate risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous variables. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 . Random effects meta-regression was conducted for comorbidities and the analysis was performed for one covariate at a time. Results: There were 3615 patients from 15 studies. The mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale of the included studies was 7.3 ± 1.2. The AKI was associated with an increased the composite outcome (RR: 10.55 [7.68, 14.50], P < .001; I 2 : 0%). Subgroup analysis showed that AKI was associated with increased mortality (RR: 13.38 [8.15, 21.95], P < .001; I 2 : 24%), severe COVID-19 (RR: 8.12 [4.43, 14.86], P < .001; I 2 : 0%), and the need for ICU care (RR: 5.90 [1.32, 26.35], P = .02; I 2 : 0%). The ALI was associated with increased mortality (RR: 4.02 [1.51, 10.68], P = .005; I 2 : 88%) in COVID-19. Mortality was higher in COVID-19 with coagulopathy (RR: 7.55 [3.24, 17.59], P < .001; I 2 : 69%). The AKI was associated with the composite outcome and was not influenced by age ( P = .182), sex ( P = .104), hypertension ( P = .788), cardiovascular diseases ( P = .068), diabetes ( P = .097), respiratory comorbidity ( P = .762), and chronic kidney disease ( P = .77). Limitations: There are several limitations of this study. Many of these studies did not define the extent of AKI (grade), which may affect the outcome. Acute liver injury and coagulopathy were not defined in most of the studies. The definition of severe COVID-19 differed across studies. Several articles included in the study were published at preprint servers and are not yet peer-reviewed. Most of the studies were from China; thus, some patients might overlap across the reports. Most of the included studies were retrospective in design. Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that the presence of AKI, ALI, and coagulopathy was associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

The aim of this research is to examine the positive influence of brand awareness, brand image, and brand trust on brand loyalty. The coffee shop business in big cities in Indonesia is growing rapidly. Each coffee shop strives to show its uniqueness. This competition has resulted in them competing to increase competitiveness by using logos, symbols, unique names – or what is usually called a brand to become a differentiator among the competitors. This study was done in a quantitative manner. The data was collected by using a questionnaire distributed using a survey method. Using a snowball sampling, a total of 436 samples were used and analyzed statistically using the partial least square – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach using SmartPls 3.0 program. The results show that brand awareness and brand trust had a positive effect on brand loyalty. However, the brand image did not have a positive effect on brand loyalty. This study is expected to provide input to the coffee shop management on how to increase their brand loyalty which can be done by increasing their brand awareness, brand image, and brand trust.

The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the effect of transformational leadership, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior in high schools in Banten Province. The sample in this study was taken from 220 managers of supply chain management implemented company respondents. Sampling in this study using the Simple Random Sampling technique. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis and testing show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This study has proven that transformational leadership, Organizational commitment and job satisfaction influence organizational citizenship behavior in supply chain management implemented company

There are several problems occurred in Pelita Harapan University Surabaya (UPHS), which are dissatisfaction among students towards its service quality (SERVQUAL), and then it raised the negative perception and the low level of recommendation from its students. This is a case study that aimed to identify the influence of SERVQUAL to WOM Intention mediated by student satisfaction and university image. To see the relationship between the variables simultaneously, the researchers use Structural Equation Model with first order Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The questionnaires were distributed to 140 students by using purposive sampling technique which aimed to see the accurate results from qualified students. The results indicated that SERVQUAL had a positive impact to the student satisfaction and university image, and then it impacted to the positive WOM Intention. However, WOM Intention was influenced negatively by SERVQUAL and student satisfaction. This study contributed to UPHS and other private universities to increase the SERVQUAL, which are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy to increase student WOM Intention which regards to sustainability in higher education sector.

Abstract Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with COVID-19. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and EuropePMC on 19 November 2020. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome, defined as a combined endpoint of mortality, severity, need for invasive mechanical ventilation and need for intensive care unit care. Severity followed the included studies' criteria. Results There are 10 399 patients from 21 studies. Elevated LDH was present in 44% (34%–53%) of the patients. Meta-regression analysis showed that diabetes was correlated with elevated LDH (OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02), p=0.038), but not age (p=0.710), male (p=0.068) and hypertension (p=0.969). Meta-analysis showed that elevated LDH was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 5.33 (95% CI 3.90 to 7.31), p<0.001; I2: 77.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that elevated LDH increased mortality (OR 4.22 (95% CI 2.49 to 7.14), p<0.001; I2: 89%). Elevated LDH has a sensitivity of 0.74 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.85), specificity of 0.69 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.78), positive likelihood ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.9), negative likelihood ratio of 0.38 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.55), diagnostic OR of 6 (95% CI 4 to 9) and area under curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.80). Elevated LDH would indicate a 44% posterior probability and non-elevated LDH would in indicate 11% posterior probability for poor prognosis. Meta-regression analysis showed that age, male, hypertension and diabetes did not contribute to the heterogeneity of the analyses. Conclusion LDH was associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020221594.