South Bay Interdisciplinary Science Center

We provide a systematic and self-consistent method to calculate the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ) analytically in one-dimensional non-Hermitian systems, which helps us to understand the non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence. In general, a n-band non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is constituted by n distinct sub-GBZs, each of which is a piecewise analytic closed loop. Based on the concept of resultant, we can show that all the analytic properties of the GBZ can be characterized by an algebraic equation, the solution of which in the complex plane is dubbed as auxiliary GBZ (aGBZ). We also provide a systematic method to obtain the GBZ from aGBZ. Two physical applications are also discussed. Our method provides an analytic approach to the spectral problem of open boundary non-Hermitian systems in the thermodynamic limit.

The fermion doubling theorem plays a pivotal role in Hermitian topological materials. It states, for example, that Weyl points must come in pairs in three-dimensional semimetals. Here, we present an extension of the doubling theorem to non-Hermitian lattice Hamiltonians. We focus on two-dimensional non-Hermitian systems without any symmetry constraints, which can host two different types of topological point nodes, namely, (i) Fermi points and (ii) exceptional points. We show that these two types of protected point nodes obey doubling theorems, which require that the point nodes come in pairs. To prove the doubling theorem for exceptional points, we introduce a generalized winding number invariant, which we call the "discriminant number." Importantly, this invariant is applicable to any two-dimensional non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with exceptional points of arbitrary order and, moreover, can also be used to characterize nondefective degeneracy points. Furthermore, we show that a surface of a three-dimensional system can violate the non-Hermitian doubling theorems, which implies unusual bulk physics.

Topological nodal line semimetals host stable chained, linked, or knotted line degeneracies in momentum space protected by symmetries. In this Letter, we use the Jones polynomial as a general topological invariant to capture the global knot topology of the oriented nodal lines. We show that every possible change in Jones polynomial is attributed to the local evolutions around every point where two nodal lines touch. As an application of our theory, we show that nodal chain semimetals with four touching points can evolve to a Hopf link. We extend our theory to 3D non-Hermitian multiband exceptional line semimetals. Our work provides a recipe to understand the transition of the knot topology for protected nodal lines.

We study vortex bound states in three-dimensional (3D) superconducting Dirac semimetals with time reversal symmetry. We find that there exist robust gapless vortex bound states propagating along the vortex line in the s-wave superconducting state. We refer to this newly found phase as the quasi-1D nodal vortex line phase. According to the Altland-Zirnbauer classification, the phase is characterized by a topological index (ν;N) at k_{z}=0 and k_{z}=π, where ν is the Z_{2} topological invariant for a 0D class-D system and N is the Z topological invariant for a 0D class-A system. Furthermore, we show that the vortex end Majorana zero mode can coexist with the quasi-1D nodal phase in certain types of Dirac semimetals. The possible experimental observations and material realization of such nodal vortex line states are discussed.

We study a realistic Floquet topological superconductor, a periodically driven nanowire proximitized to an equilibrium s-wave superconductor. Because of the strong energy and density fluctuations caused by the superconducting proximity effect, the Floquet Majorana wire becomes dissipative. We show that the Floquet band structure is still preserved in this dissipative system. In particular, we find that the Floquet Majorana zero and π modes can no longer be simply described by the Floquet topological band theory. We also propose an effective model to simplify the calculation of the lifetime of these Floquet Majoranas and find that the lifetime can be engineered by the external driving field.

The ternary AMnBi_{2} (A is alkaline as well as rare-earth atom) materials provide an arena for investigating the interplay between low-dimensional magnetism of the antiferromagnetic MnBi layers and the electronic states in the intercalated Bi layers, which harbor relativistic fermions. Here, we report on a comprehensive study of the optical properties and magnetic torque response of Ca_{1-x}Na_{x}MnBi_{2}. Our findings give evidence for a spin canting occurring at T_{s}∼50-100 K. With the support of first-principles calculations we establish a direct link between the spin canting and the reconstruction of the electronic band structure, having immediate implications for the spectral weight reshuffling in the optical response, signaling a partial gapping of the Fermi surface, and the dc transport properties below T_{s}.

An important function in purchasing is the disposal of excess material. Often the material is in the form of waste products such as paper, metals and plastics which are difficult to value. However, by utilizing a commodity‐market based approach, many items can now be disposed of in a timely, profitable and environmentally friendly manner. This paper discusses some of the issues involved in disposing of surplus material using commodity indices. The discussion also shows how surplus asset disposal is linked to developments in environmental logistics, reverse logistics and recycling. The general methods, issues and challenges in commodity disposal have been explained through a case study. The case study includes a total cost model showing the costs and the benefits of commodity based or commodity indexed disposal.

We report an optical spectroscopy study of a single-crystal sample of PrSb, one of the monoantimonide $R\mathrm{Sb}$ compounds, which show interesting properties, such as topological nontrivial surface states and extremely large magnetoresistance. The plasma frequency is revealed at about $4300\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, suggesting a low carrier density. In addition, we found two quasilinear components with variable slopes in the real part of the optical conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})$. In combination with theoretical calculations which reveal a band inversion, our results may provide optical spectroscopic evidence of a topological nontrivial property in PrSb.

, and independent of the maternal-zygotic transition dynamics.

Developing electrocatalysts that exhibit exceptional activity without relying on noble metals, all while ensuring high efficiency and durability for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, poses a challenging yet highly desired task. Monodispersed nanoparticles on a conductive framework through strong metal–support interactions are known to show excellent catalytic performance. Herein, monodispersed iron selenide embedded in a carbon nanotube network is synthesized. Graphitic carbon shells enclosing monodispersed iron selenide address the primary challenge of nanoparticle catalysts—aggregation and corrosion of nanoparticles over repeated oxygen redox reactions. By amplifying the interaction of Fe with carbon nanotubes, the heterogeneous catalyst forms highly active centers for oxygen redox reaction from the coordinated iron atoms, along with conductive iron–nitrogen–carbon nanotube pathways for rapid charge transfer. As a result, the heterogeneous catalyst exhibits superior activity for both oxygen reduction (E1/2 = 0.88 V) and oxygen evolution (η = 360 mV@10 mA cm−2) and excellent stability of negligible degradation over 5000 cycles. The overall catalytic performance surpasses the noble metals. Therefore, rechargeable zinc–air batteries using the heterogeneous catalyst exhibit a high power density of 130.9 mW cm−2, excellent round‐trip efficiency of ≈70%, and cycling stability for over 1100 h at 10 mA cm−2.

Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries In article number 2400181, Yang Huang, Minshen Zhu, Shuiliang Chen, and co-workers develop a 3D Fe–Se@N-CNTs catalyst with monodispersed FeSe2 nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, showing excellent ORR/OER activity and stability. This advanced non-noble metal catalyst allows for zinc–air batteries to achieve high power density, efficiency, and extended cycling stability.

Cell polarization is a critical process that separates molecular species into two distinct regions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, guiding biological processes such as cell division and cell differentiation. Although several underlying antagonistic reaction-diffusion networks capable of setting up cell polarization have been identified experimentally and theoretically, our understanding of how to manipulate pattern stability and asymmetry remains incomplete, especially when only a subset of network components is known. Here, we present numerical results to show that the polarized pattern of an antagonistic 2-node network collapses into a homogeneous state when subjected to single-sided self-regulation, single-sided additional regulation, or unequal system parameters. However, polarity restoration can be achieved by combining two modifications with opposing effects. Additionally, spatially inhomogeneous parameters favoring respective domains stabilize their interface at designated locations. To connect our findings to cell polarity studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, we reconstituted a 5-node network where a 4-node circuit with full mutual inhibitions between anterior and posterior is modified by a mutual activation in the anterior and an additional mutual inhibition between the anterior and posterior. Once again, a generic set of kinetic parameters moves the interface towards either the anterior or posterior end, yet a polarized pattern can be stabilized through tuning of one or more parameters coupled to intracellular or extracellular spatial cues. A user-friendly software, PolarSim , is constructed to facilitate the exploration of networks with alternative node numbers, parameter values, and regulatory pathways.

GOLDMAN: Thank you, Craig. Craig has told us about the first hundred years and we'll try to run through the next hundred years. We have a very distinguished panel with us today and let me introduce them to you. To my immediate right, we have Steven F. Goldstone. Steve is currently chairman and CEO of RJR Nabisco. In another life, Steve was a partner in the prestigious New York firm of Davis, Polk & Wardwell, and during the '80s he had major roles in a number of the nation's largest battles for corporate control. In early 1995, he became the general counsel to RJR Nabisco. He then became the chief executive officer in October of 1995. Steve will offer us his views on the next century from the perspective of both a Wall Street lawyer and a CEO, which is kind of unusual. To my immediate left is Richard Agnich. Dick has been senior vice-president and general counsel of Texas Instruments since 1988. He also served as secretary of the board of directors and has dealt with significant corporate governance issues. Dick is president of the Association of General Counsel and has served on the boards of the United States Committee of the Pacific Basin Economic Council ? that's a tough one ? and the U.S. Korean Business Council. He's also a member of the Advisory Board of the International and Comparative Law Center. Today he would give us some provocative remarks on the necessary prerequisites for survival of global corporations. Two seats down on my right, Pierre S. duPont, IV, one of our commentators. Pete is the former two-term governor of our state. He also served three terms in the United States House of Representatives. Milton Freeman has correctly lauded Pete as one of the few politicians in this country who has consistently stuck to principles. Pete now practices law with the prestigious firm of Richards, Layton & Finger in Wilmington. He is also Policy Chairman of the National Center for Policy Analysis. To my far right, the Honorable Jack B. Jacobs, familiar to us all, Vice-Chancellor of the Court of Chancery of the state of Delaware. Jack and I began our careers as law clerks to the Court of Chancery in 1967 ? a few weeks ago ? working for the Honorable William Duffy who then presided as Chancellor. Jack then practiced with the prestigious Wilmington firm of Young, Conaway, Stargatt & Taylor. In 1985, I believe, he became Vice-Chancellor and during the takeover years, he wrote some of the most significant decisions of that time ? some of which I won, some of which I lost ? Ivanhoe v. Newmont,1 QVC v. Paramount.2 He frequently speaks, as we know, at functions for the American Bar Association, the Delaware Bar Association and for Tulane University at its corporate law institute which many of you here have attended. All right. By way of introduction, in 1996, this little dinky brewing company, Spring Street Brewing Company, became the first entity to have a direct public offering on the internet. It was a very inexpensive situation. In 1999, as we know, technology stocks helped the Dow pass 11,000. This is also the year of the Euro dollar uniting fifteen European currencies. Richard Grasso, chairman of the New York Stock Exchange, has recently acknowledged that the exchange must plan to directly trade foreign stocks, no more DRs, in order to keep pace with the global economy. So where are we going with all this? Eileen Filliben of my office and myself, mostly Eileen, have prepared a piece that is part of your symposium materials entitled Corporate Governance, Current Trends and Likely Developments for the 21st Century. It's our crystal ball look a hundred years out. So who can tell that we're wrong? We surveyed the current trends in corporate governance and theorize on the likely impact of those trends. First, technology is reshaping the way companies raise capital, interact with suppliers and relate to investors. Small companies are now raising public capital with direct offerings on the internet. Now, as we said the first one was in '96. There were 35 in '97 and over 250 in '98. Electronic commerce is exploding. If you've gone on Ebay, whatever, $7 billion over the internet in 1999 in goods traded. $327 billion projected for 2020. Companies are now using the internet for annual reports and proxies. So you've got a technology explosion. Second, you've got globalization. world is shrinking. Country boundaries are being replaced by boundaries of groups of people who are distinguished by their buying preferences. Nationalism is giving way to interdependence and economic efficiencies. EMU, European Monetary Union, is being used to unite the currencies of the European nations. Euro dollar is expected to compete directly with the yen and the American dollar. And in addition to all this, there is a push for a European company statute to allow companies from different member states to merge. third prong to this is corporate promoters are rejecting traditional corporate forms today in favor of those providing for maximum potential private ordering. Promoters of these new entities, the limited partnership and the limited liability company, are writing fiduciary duties out of their agreements and the Delaware Court of Chancery is enforcing those agreements. Among other things, Eileen and I have predicted the following: That corporate promoters worldwide will seek a new form of entity that will afford maximum flexibility and simplicity. uniform entity will expand the LLC concept and will further meet promoters' needs. Private ordering will replace statutory requisites and common law duties. As the late Judge Henry Friendly of New York once observed, The business of business is business. It's not fiduciary duties and it's not regulation. Unit holders will be willing to concede almost all control in exchange for higher rates of return. bucks. entity contract will structure all stakeholder relationships and define the duties, if any, of the managers. It may eliminate all meetings and elections. Conflicts will be resolved by interpreting the contract. We submit, and this is directed to Delaware, that the jurisdiction that creates, sustains and supports this universal entity will be the corporate governance leader not only in this country but worldwide. It's going to be one economic, one corporate situation. So much for my thoughts and musings. Let's hear what the real experts that you came to hear have to say about the next hundred years.

Objetivou-se determinar a composição centesimal de diferentes cortes da carcaça, sendo 03 (três) filés de peito de frango, 03 (três) patinhos de ovino, 03 (três) contra-filés bovino e 03 (três) picanhas suína. A porção comestível do contra-filé bovino foi a que apresentou maior teor de gordura total, enquanto que o filé de peito de frango apresentou maior teor de proteína. A atividade de água nos cortes foi semelhante, com destaque para a carne ovina, a carne de frango apresentou maior luminosidade e com tendência para o tom amarelo, enquanto a carne bovina apresentou os tons mais vermelhos.

Cell polarization is a critical process that separates molecular species into two distinct regions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, guiding biological processes such as cell division and cell differentiation. Although several underlying antagonistic reaction-diffusion networks capable of setting up cell polarization have been identified experimentally and theoretically, our understanding of how to manipulate pattern stability and asymmetry remains incomplete, especially when only a subset of network components is known. Here, we present numerical results to show that the polarized pattern of an antagonistic 2-node network collapses into a homogeneous state when subjected to single-sided self-regulation, single-sided additional regulation, or unequal system parameters. However, polarity restoration can be achieved by combining two modifications with opposing effects. Additionally, spatially inhomogeneous parameters favoring respective domains stabilize their interface at designated locations. To connect our findings to cell polarity studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, we reconstituted a 5-node network where a 4-node circuit with full mutual inhibitions between anterior and posterior is modified by a mutual activation in the anterior and an additional mutual inhibition between the anterior and posterior. Once again, a generic set of kinetic parameters moves the interface towards either the anterior or posterior end, yet a polarized pattern can be stabilized through tuning of one or more parameters coupled to intracellular or extracellular spatial cues. A user-friendly software, PolarSim , is constructed to facilitate the exploration of networks with alternative node numbers, parameter values, and regulatory pathways.

Cell polarization is a critical process that separates molecules into two distinct regions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, guiding biological processes such as cell division and cell differentiation. Although several underlying antagonistic reaction-diffusion networks capable of setting up cell polarization have been identified experimentally and theoretically, our understanding of how to manipulate pattern stability and asymmetry remains incomplete, especially when only a subset of network components are known. Here we present numerical results to show that the polarized pattern of an antagonistic 2-node network collapses into a homogeneous state when subjected to single-sided self-regulation, single-sided additional regulation, or unequal system parameters. However, polarity can be restored through a combination of two modifications that have opposing effects. Additionally, spatially inhomogeneous parameters favoring respective domains stabilize their interface at designated locations. To connect our findings to cell polarity studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, we reconstituted a 5-node network where a 4-node circuit with full mutual inhibitions between anterior and posterior is modified by a mutual activation in the anterior and an additional mutual inhibition between the anterior and the posterior. Once again, a generic set of kinetic parameters moves the interface towards either the anterior or posterior end, yet a polarized pattern can be stabilized through spatial tuning of one or more parameters coupled to intracellular or extracellular cues. A user-friendly software, PolarSim, is introduced to facilitate the exploration of networks with alternative node numbers, parameter values, and regulatory pathways.

As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva destinam-se ao cuidado de pacientes em estado crítico que, na maioria das vezes, não são capazes de desempenhar atividades de autocuidado, como a higiene corporal e oral. É indispensável lembrar que os pacientes críticos necessitam de constante monitoramento dos sinais vitais e assistência contínua e sistemática. Para diminuir os riscos e melhorar o conforto dos pacientes, as intervenções de Enfermagem devem ser executadas de forma padronizada, por profissionais capacitados e baseada em evidências científicas. Embora a execução das técnicas de higiene oral e corporal corretas seja essencial e de grande relevância, observa-se que a padronização da técnica é, muitas vezes, banalizada na rotina do serviço.

Abstract Cell polarization is a critical process that separates molecular species into two distinct regions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, guiding biological processes such as cell division and cell differentiation. Although several underlying antagonistic reaction-diffusion networks capable of setting up cell polarization have been identified experimentally and theoretically, our understanding of how to manipulate pattern stability and asymmetry remains incomplete, especially when only a subset of network components are known. Here we present numerical results to show that the polarized pattern of an antagonistic 2-node network collapses into a homogeneous state when subjected to single-sided self-regulation, single-sided additional regulation, or unequal system parameters. However, polarity restoration can be achieved by combining two modifications with opposing effects. Additionally, spatially inhomogeneous parameters favoring respective domains stabilize their interface at designated locations. To connect our findings to cell polarity studies of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, we reconstituted a 5-node network where a 4-node circuit with full mutual inhibitions between anterior and posterior is modified by a mutual activation in the anterior and an additional mutual inhibition between the anterior and the posterior. Once again, a generic set of kinetic parameters moves the interface towards either the anterior or posterior end, yet a polarized pattern can be stabilized through spatial tuning of one or more parameters coupled to intracellular or extracellular cues. A user-friendly software, PolarSim, is introduced to facilitate the exploration of networks with alternative node numbers, parameter values, and regulatory pathways.

Tryggve is an international collaboration for developing and supporting the use of secure services for sensitive data. Ongoing project stage, Tryggve2, runs 2017-20 with total volume of 51 person years distributed to Nordic countries. The project is funded by Nordic e-Infrastructure Collaboration (NeIC) and ELIXIR nodes of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The challenge the project wants to solve is to prevent non-authorized use of human data while utilizing it for the benefit of society. This leads to Tryggve’s vision to develop secure services that enable large-scale biomedical research studies across countries.