Universitas Halu Oleo

The world is under pressure from the novel COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world and predicted to be affected significantly over a longer time period. Our paper aims to provide detailed reporting and analyses of the present rapid responses to COVID-19, between January and March 2020, in Indonesia. We particularly highlight responses taken by the governments, non-government organisations and the community. We outline gaps and limitations in the responses, based on our rapid analysis of media contents, from government speeches and reports, social and mass media platforms. We present five recommendations toward more rapid, effective, and comprehensive responses.

Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species-level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, including six ecological variables, 11 continuous morphological traits, and information on range size and location. Raw morphological measurements are presented from 90,020 individuals of 11,009 extant bird species sampled from 181 countries. These data are also summarised as species averages in three taxonomic formats, allowing integration with a global phylogeny, geographical range maps, IUCN Red List data and the eBird citizen science database. The AVONET dataset provides the most detailed picture of continuous trait variation for any major radiation of organisms, offering a global template for testing hypotheses and exploring the evolutionary origins, structure and functioning of biodiversity.

Increased concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases have led to a global mean surface temperature 1.0°C higher than during the pre-industrial period. We expand on the recent IPCC Special Report on global warming of 1.5°C and review the additional risks associated with higher levels of warming, each having major implications for multiple geographies, climates, and ecosystems. Limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2.0°C would be required to maintain substantial proportions of ecosystems and would have clear benefits for human health and economies. These conclusions are relevant for people everywhere, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where the escalation of climate-related risks may prevent the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

This paper aims to elaborate on how government policies prevent and deal with COVID-19. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The focus of the study is government policies and events that follow the implementation of the policy period from March to June 2020 related to government policies in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The study results show that government policies to prevent the spread of Coronavirus transmission such as the policy of staying at home; Social distancing; Physical Restrictions; Use of Personal Protective Equipment; Maintain Personal Hygiene; Work and Study at home; Postpone all activities that gather a lot of people; Large-scale social restrictions; until the implementation of the New Normal policy. In addition, the government has also implemented social assistance and social protection policies to ensure that the community can survive, not only the Social Welfare Services Government group but also the high-class community.

This study aims to obtain an in-depth overview of (1) the distribution of students at the Department of PGSD FKIP UHO based on domicile in implementing online learning during the Covid-19 period; (2) infrastructure support for the effectiveness of online learning in the Covid-19 period; and (3) students' perceptions about online learning conducted by lecturers of the Department of PGSD FKIP UHO during Covid-19. This research was conducted in May 2020, which was included in the descriptive study, by conducting a survey of students at the Department of PGSD FKIP UHO, which was spread across all districts/cities in Southeast Sulawesi and other regions. Data collection techniques using open and closed questionnaires, with the research subjects of the class of 2017, 2018 and 2019 students who filled 316 questionnaires online from the link sent. Data obtained from students in the form of qualitative and quantitative raw data collected online and converted in Excel format. The data was processed based on the focus of this study. Based on the results of the processed data, an in-depth descriptive quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried out. The results of the study showed that: (1) Students of the Department of PGSD FKIP UHO in the online learning process were concentrated in 3 main districts/cities, namely Kendari City, Muna Regency, and Konawe Selatan Regency; (2) The main supporting factors for the effectiveness of online learning in the Covid-19 period were the carrying capacity of network access and the ability of devices to access the internet; (3) Students perceive that the implementation of online learning during the Covid-19 period has not been fully effective.

Monsoon droughts, which often coincide with El Niño warm events, can have profound impacts on the populations of Southeast Asia. Improved understanding and prediction of such events can be aided by high‐resolution proxy climate records, but these are scarce for the tropics. Here we reconstruct the boreal autumn (October–November) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for Java, Indonesia (1787–1988). This reconstruction is based on nine ring‐width chronologies derived from living teak trees growing on the islands of Java and Sulawesi, and one coral δ 18 O series from Lombok. The PDSI reconstruction correlates significantly with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related sea surface temperatures and other historical and instrumental records of tropical climate, reflecting the strong coupling between the climate of Indonesia and the large scale tropical Indo‐Pacific climate system.

This study aims to determine the MINING POLICY CONFLICT: Recruitment of Local Workers in Morosi Industrial Estate, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The focus of the study is to find the design of mining policies and the impact of mining as well as the adoption model for the application of mining policies in the recruitment of local workers in the Morosi Industrial Estate. This type of research is qualitative with an analytical descriptive design, used to collect data by researchers and present descriptive data with in-depth analysis. This research was conducted in the administrative area of the Morosi Industrial Estate which is within the territory of the Konawe Regency Government of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results of the study explain that the Konawe Regency Government is able to take advantage of opportunities to increase regional economic growth even during the Covid-19 pandemic by opening up investment opportunities and massive employment through collaboration with PT. VDNI and PT. OSS. The dynamics of mining conflicts in the recruitment of local workers can be minimized so that the Konawe Regency Government and the Konawe people feel that it is a reduction in unemployment and poverty. Furthermore, currently, the adaptation that can be done by the Konawe Regency Government is to increase the competence of the local community of prospective workers according to the needs of mining companies

Empty fruit bunch was considered as substrate for second generation of bioethanol because it consists of lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. For lignocelluloses materials, it usually needs pretreatment and hydrolysis to convert cellulose into glucose. Two methods of enzymatic hydrolysis, Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) were carried out in this study. The performance of both SHF and SSF was concerned to evaluate the effect of hydrolysis methods and enzyme concentration for producing ethanol. Pretreatment was conducted in a reactor using 10% sodium hydroxide at temperature 150 °C during 30 minutes. Two kinds of enzyme, Cellic® CTec2 and Cellic® HTec2 from novozyme were added in 15% (gr/ml) of pretreated EFB at pH 4.8. Four concentration of enzyme Cellic® CTec2, 10, 20, 30, 40 FPU per gram biomass were performed in SHF and SSF processes respectively, while Cellic® HTec2 was added 20% from Cellic® CTec2. Contents of glucose, xylose, and ethanol were recorded every 24 hours. Using 40 FPU of concentration enzyme, it could be produce 4.74% of ethanol in 72 hours fermentation by SHF process and 6.05% of ethanol in 24 hours by SSF process. From this study, the SSF method was considered as a better process than SHF due to rapidly ethanol production and the highest concentration of produced ethanol.

In the Quaternary, the Ryukyu Islands evolved from a continental margin arc to an island arc by backarc spreading of the Okinawa Trough, accompanied by subsidence and isolation of the islands, a process that has continued to the present. Trough-parallel half grabens were filled with marine siltstone. Similar sediments filling orthogonal fault-controlled and west-draining non-tectonic valleys record island separation. New Quaternary nannofossil biostratigraphic data date the deposition of the marine siltstone at 1.552 ± 0.154 Ma. At that time, the entire 1000 km-long island chain comprising the Ryukyu Islands separated from the Asian continent by rifting extending from the Okinawa Trough to the Tsushima Strait. The Tokara, Kerama, and Yonaguni gaps, branched or transverse rifts of the Okinawa Trough, separate the island chain into subgroups of the Osumi, Amami, Okinawa, and Yaeyama islands, and Taiwan. The shallow Taiwan Strait separated Taiwan from the Chinese mainland. The Kuroshio warm current that previously ran offshore of the continental margin arc began to enter the opening backarc basin through the Yonaguni gap and to exit through the Tokara gap, flowing along the axis of the Okinawa Trough. Under influence of the warm current and because of entrapment of continentally sourced detrital sediments by the Okinawa Trough, coral reefs formed around each island. These reefs make up a unit called the Ryukyu limestone. Subsidence continued through the deposition of this limestone, resulting in further isolation of each island. Some islands did not separate from the mainland but emerged above sea level later as a result of volcanic edifice construction or forearc uplift. Following initial isolation, the Japanese islands and Taiwan may have been connected to the mainland by land bridges during some sea level low stands related to glacial periods, whereas the other islands remained isolated. Based on ages of isolation of each island, a Quaternary palaeogeographic map and ‘phylogenetic tree’ of the islands can be drawn showing the separation time of each island from the mainland and from each other. This information should be useful for phylogenetic molecular biologists studying evolution of Ryukyu endemic species and vicariant speciation and could facilitate analysis of the DNA substitution rate.

Currently, the authentication analysis of edible fats and oils is an emerging issue not only by producers but also by food industries, regulators, and consumers. The adulteration of high quality and expensive edible fats and oils as well as food products containing fats and oils with lower ones are typically motivated by economic reasons. Some analytical methods have been used for authentication analysis of food products, but some of them are complex in sampling preparation and involving sophisticated instruments. Therefore, simple and reliable methods are proposed and developed for these authentication purposes. This review highlighted the comprehensive reports on the application of infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for authentication of fats and oils. New findings of this review included (1) FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, which has been used to authenticate fats and oils; (2) due to as fingerprint analytical tools, FTIR spectra have emerged as the most reported analytical techniques applied for authentication analysis of fats and oils; (3) the use of chemometrics as analytical data treatment is a must to extract the information from FTIR spectra to be understandable data. Next, the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics must be proposed, developed, and standardized for authentication and assuring the quality of fats and oils.

The relationship of religion, culture and community very important or is a system of life because of the interconnectedness of each other. But the question of keberagamaan and social development will not be complete if only seen from one particular aspect only. For that in looking at the question of societal must go through a holistic approach. Required studies as the study of the sociology of religion and vice versa. It means the study of the life of keberagamaan the community won't be completed without involving sociology, sociological stats helper monkeys do not judge the religion concerned. Each nation or group that actually live up to the mandate of each religion, therefore by itself will manifest harmony, brotherhood, peace and comfort in the life of bermayarakat. Because religions have taught the truth and goodness and distanced from all malice, strife, discrimination etc. Religious life looks on mindset, behaviour or attitude and way of living one's religious attitude embodiment and able to receive different neighbor any religion as a servant of God Almighty. Religion as a guide of human life created by God, the one true God through his life. Whereas culture is as a habit or an Ordinance of human life created by the man itself results from creativity, taste and karsanya given by the Lord. Religion and culture influence each other each other. Religion affects culture, community groups, and ethnic groups. The culture tends to be fickle to any people or groups who really lives in accordance with the mandate his religion each, hence will automatically be eventuate harmony, the peace and comfort in life bermayarakat. Because of religion have taught truth and goodness and removed from all philippic, dissensions, discrimination and others. Religious life looks on people think, behavior or attitude and manner embodiment attitude religious life someone and capable of receiving fellow different any religious as the servants of allah swt. Religion as a guideline human life created by god, of almighty god in lived his life. While culture is as habit or procedures of human life created by human beings themselves from the power copyright, taste and karsanya given by god. Religion and culture interplay each other. Religious affect culture, the group, and peoples. Culture capricious tending to any people or groups who really lives in accordance with each, amanah his religion hence with itself would be harmony, the fraternity, peace and comfort in life community. Because of religion have taught truth and goodness and badness, taking away from all dissensions, discrimination and others. Religious life seemed in a pattern of thought, of behavior or attitude and manner of living religious embodiment of the attitude of someone and capable of receiving a fellow who is different any religious a follower of allah swt. Religion as a guideline human life created by the lord of almighty god in lived his life. While culture is as the habit or procedures of human life created by human beings themselves from the power of copyright, taste and karsanya given by god. Religion and culture on each other. Affecting culture, religion community groups, and peoples.Keywords :Religion, cultural and society

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS CoV-2). As of June 30, 2020, 216 countries in the world have been confirmed to have Covid-19 with a positive number of 10,117,687 and have died 502,278. Southeast Sulawesi in particular has been confirmed as of June 30, 2020, as many as 363 positive cases, 234 recovered, and 6 deaths. Meanwhile, in Baubau, there were 20 positive confirmed cases. Compliance with health protocols is believed to prevent transmission of Covid-19. Increasing knowledge through education is one of the methods used to increase compliance. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Covid-19 prevention education through video media and online leaflets on the level of public knowledge at Baubau City. This study used a Quasi-Experiment with the approach method of The Non-Randomized Without Control Group Pretest and Posttest Design. The population is all people of Baubau City with an affordable population during the Covid-19 pandemic based on 1,600 Whatsapp group participants with a sample size of 120 people. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method that met certain criteria. Based on the results of statistical tests with Wilcoxon, the value on the use of video media & leaflets was obtained P = 0.001 <0.05, this indicates that there is a significant difference in knowledge before and after online education. On video media P = 0.248> 0.05 showed that there is no significant difference after online education. Whereas in the media leaflet P = 0.045 <0.05 indicated that there is a significant difference after online education. In this study, video media & leaflets and leaflet media are more effectively used as education on prevention of COVID-19 online compared to video media alone.

As the COVID-19 crisis virtually halts tourism operations globally, questions arise as to what makes tourism operations and the socio-ecological systems they operate within resilient to such disruptions. This period also presents a moment of critical self-reflection and reinvention for tourism operators that hope to not only be resilient themselves, but to foster resilience in the communities and ecosystems upon which they depend. These issues are explored in the context of different forms of tourism in a marine national park in eastern Indonesia. This paper uses an agency-based livelihood resilience framework to examine the social structures, agency, and livelihood capital of the surrounding socio-ecological systems as driven by these operations. The findings suggest that the dominant development discourse in Indonesia and among tourism planners focusing on the growth of ‘high-end’ exclusive forms of tourism has neglected livelihood capital and made communities more vulnerable to ruptures like COVID-19. Emerging from this crisis, this research urges academics, practitioners, and business owners to ‘reimagine’ the potential of tourism to first and foremost empower more resilient socio-ecological systems in the face of an increasingly uncertain future.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif eksploratif. Strategi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 17 Kendari Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018 pada kelas VIII.7. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah hasil tes dan hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman konsep matematis siswa dengan kategori tingi sebanyak 3%, kategori sedang sebanyak 10%, dan kategori rendah sebanyak 87%. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kinerja siswa dari masing-masing kategori adalah sebagai berikut: (a) siswa pada kategori tinggi dapat mengerjakan 6 butir soal atau menguasai 6 indikator kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis; (b) siswa pada kategori sedang dapat mengerjakan 6 butir soal atau menguasai 6 indikator kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis; dan (c) siswa pada kategori rendah dapat mengerjakan 4 butir soal atau menguasai 4 indikator kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis

Ethnobotanical studies are of interest to ethnographers, ethnobotanists, and cultural historians who study the prehistoric, historic, and contemporary contribution of plants to the sociocultural adaptations of American Indian people. A critical research issue is evaluating the differential contribution of plants to American Indian adaptive strategies. This article takes the first quantitative plant evaluation model and combines it with field data from the Yucca Mountain, Nevada, ethnobotany study to explore the utility of this model for evaluating the cultural significance of botanical resources to contemporary American Indian peoples.

The Bajo, the world’s largest remaining sea nomad group, are scattered across hundreds of recently settled communities in Island Southeast Asia, along the coasts of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. With a significant role in historical trading, the Bajo lived until recently as nomads, spending their entire lives on houseboats while moving long distances to fish and trade. Along the routes they traveled, the Bajo settled and intermarried with local land-based groups, leading to ‘maritime creolization’, a process whereby Bajo communities retained their culture, but assimilated – and frequently married into – local groups. The origins of the Bajo have remained unclear despite several hypotheses from oral tradition, culture and language, all currently without supporting genetic evidence. Here, we report genome-wide SNP analyses on 73 Bajo individuals from three communities across Indonesia – the Derawan of Northeast Borneo, the Kotabaru of Southeast Borneo and the Kendari of Southeast Sulawesi, with 87 new samples from three populations surrounding the area where these Bajo peoples live. The Bajo likely share a common connection with Southern Sulawesi, but crucially, each Bajo community also exhibits unique genetic contributions from neighboring populations.

BACKGROUND: To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and gray literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends. We developed prevalence estimates based on modeled distance visual impairment and blindness due to cataract, producing location-, year-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI presenting visual acuity <6/18, ≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60). Estimates are age-standardized using the GBD standard population. RESULTS: In 2020, among overall (all ages) 43.3 million blind and 295 million with MSVI, 17.0 million (39.6%) people were blind and 83.5 million (28.3%) had MSVI due to cataract blind 60% female, MSVI 59% female. From 1990 to 2020, the count of persons blind (MSVI) due to cataract increased by 29.7%(93.1%) whereas the age-standardized global prevalence of cataract-related blindness improved by -27.5% and MSVI increased by 7.2%. The contribution of cataract to the age-standardized prevalence of blindness exceeded the global figure only in South Asia (62.9%) and Southeast Asia and Oceania (47.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of people blind and with MSVI due to cataract has risen over the past 30 years, despite a decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of cataract. This indicates that cataract treatment programs have been beneficial, but population growth and aging have outpaced their impact. Growing numbers of cataract blind indicate that more, better-directed, resources are needed to increase global capacity for cataract surgery.

In recent years, innovative soil improvement methods have provided more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions for liquefaction countermeasure techniques. One such technology is enzymatically induced calcite precipitation (EICP), in which urease enzyme is used, instead of bacteria, as a promoter for the hydrolysis of urea. Utilizing the urease enzyme itself, which causes Ca2+ and CO32− to precipitate CaCO3 crystals in the void spaces and surface of grains, is more straightforward than using bacteria. In this study, the effects of the degree of saturation during the precipitation of calcite on the behavior of sand that has been lightly cemented using EICP were investigated through a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests. Liquefaction strength curves correlating the cyclic stress ratio with the number of cycles needed to cause 5% double amplitude (DA) axial strain were compared for treated and untreated sand. It was found that the lower the degree of saturation during calcite precipitation and the higher the calcite content in the samples, the higher the liquefaction resistance of the EICP-treated sand. This can be clearly explained by the spatial distribution of the calcite in the sand. Microscopic observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that, in sand cured at a lower saturation degree, the precipitated calcite tended to be more concentrated at particle contacts than was the case in fully saturated sand. It was confirmed that only 1% of calcite precipitation at a lower degree of saturation (30%) can double the liquefaction resistance. However, excessive strain in the order of 1% degrades the bonding between sand particles.

The west Pacific warm pool is the heat engine for the globe's climate system. Its vast moisture and heat exchange profoundly impact conditions in the tropics and higher latitudes. Here, September–November sea surface temperature (SST) variability is reconstructed for the warm pool region (15°S–5°N, 110–160°E) surrounding Indonesia using annually resolved teak ring width and coral δ 18 O records. The reconstruction dates from A.D. 1782–1992 and accounts for 52% of the SST variance over the most replicated period. Significant correlations are found with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and monsoon indices at interannual to decadal frequency bands. Negative reconstructed SST anomalies coincide with major volcanic eruptions, while other noteworthy extremes are at times synchronous with Indian and Indonesian monsoon drought, particularly during major warm ENSO episodes. While the reconstruction adds to the sparse network of proxy reconstructions available for the tropical Indo‐Pacific, additional proxies are needed to clarify how warm pool dynamics have interacted with global climate in past centuries to millennia.

Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as “temu kunci”, is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants. Its rhizome has been traditionally used in folk medicine for treatment of several diseases. Rhizome of B. pandurata contains essential oils and many flavonoid compounds that showed many interesting pharmacological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, etc. Interestingly, this plant has several prenylated flavonoid compounds, panduratins, that showed very promising of biological activities, especially as strong antifungal and antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. This paper aims to review chemical constituents of this plant and their pharmacological activities and also to give a brief view through biotechnological perspective concerning the several possibilities to produce several valuable prenylated flavonoids from this plant.