Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

This study aims to discuss qualitative research methods literature study. The method used is literature study, data collection by searching for sources and constructing from various sources such as books, journals, and existing research. As a result, qualitative research was carried out with a research design whose findings were not obtained through procedures or in the form of calculations, but revealed a holistic-contextual phenomenon by collecting data from researchers in natural settings/settings and using it as a key instrument. Qualitative research has a descriptive nature and tends to use an inductive approach to analysis, so that the process and meaning based on the subject's perspective are highlighted in this qualitative research. This qualitative research design can be used as a method in research, because it is a comprehensive design that is easily accessible by academic circles and researchers.

COVID-19 is a global health problem including in Indonesia. The increased case of COVID-19 proved to have quite a significant impact on the economy globally which may have affected stability in Indonesia. This method of collecting data is a method of study literature with secondary data types. Data is taken from the Internet with respect to the validity of information such as government official information, official online sites and processed results of valid data. After obtaining the existing reference, a sorting of information that is appropriate to the topic of discussion. Data analysis is presented in graphical form and comes with a descriptive narrative. Based on the research, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic affects the economy in Indonesia. The affected sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic are transportation, tourism, trade, health and other sectors, but the economic sector most affected by COVID-19 is the household sector. Optimizing the potential in the country, the decline of BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR), the interest rate of Deposit facility, and Lending facility interest rate, monitoring of global and domestic economic development conducted by Indonesia was assessed precisely so that inflation and stability remain in control.

Media is a tool or means as an intermediary to deliver lessons from teachers to students. Types of educational media commonly used are: graphics media, three-dimensional media, and media projection. Benefits of media in learning are: (1) Submission of subject matter can be uniformed. (2) The learning process becomes more clear and interesting. (3) The learning process becomes more interactive. (4) Efficiency in time and effort. (5) Improve the quality of student learning outcomes. (6) Media allows the learning process can be done anywhere and anytime. (7) The media can foster a positive attitude of students to the material and learning process. (8) Changing the role of teachers in a more positive and productive direction.

Summary An improved rumen fluid agar medium was developed that permitted the growth of about double the numbers of bacteria from ruminal contents grown in the medium previously used. It allowed much larger numbers of colonies to be counted and isolated with greater ease from a given volume of medium and after longer incubation periods. The main modifications made were the use of rumen fluid clarified by centrifugation, reducing the concentration of the sugar energy sources (glucose and cellobiose) and inclusion of soluble starch as an additional energy source, and changing the reducing agent from cysteine to a combination of cysteine and sodium sulfide. Many other modifications in the medium were tested and found to be without effect or detrimental to colony counts. Experiments indicate that about the same range of species of bacteria are cultured in the improved medium as in the old, except that the improved medium allows the growth of bacteroides strains that utilize starch but not glucose or cellobiose. Significant differences were shown in nonselective viable counts of ruminal bacteria obtained from samples of rumen contents collected at different times during the day from a cow fed alfalfa hay or a grain mixture once a day, and there were also differences in counts due to the ration.

Interpersonal communication is communication between people face to face, each person involved in the communication influences the perception of the other person's communication. This special form of interpersonal communication is dyadic communication. DeVito argues that interpersonal communication is communication that occurs between two people who have a clear relationship, who are connected in some way. The situational perspective says that interpersonal communication specifically observes the interaction of two people who communicate verbally and nonverbally at the same time. interpersonal communication also has a fast feedback rate.

A comprehensive evaluation aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the program, thus allowing for informed decision-making for improvement and development. This study aims to analyze the concepts, objectives, principles, steps, supporting factors, inhibiting factors, and solutions to overcome inhibiting factors in the implementation of educational program evaluation. The research method used is a literature review, with a focus on literature review analysis that discusses the concepts and steps of evaluating educational programs, as well as factors that need to be considered in the evaluation. The results show that the evaluation of educational programs has the goal of assessing program effectiveness, identifying areas of improvement, and encouraging improvement in the quality of education. The evaluation of educational programs should be guided by the principle of objectivity and focus on the goals of the program. The steps that must be taken in the evaluation of educational programs include the preparation and implementation as well as monitoring of the evaluation of educational programs. Supporting factors for the evaluation of educational programs include clear and firm policies from the government and educational institutions. This policy includes evaluation standards that must be met, methodologies used, and evaluation implementation schedules Factors that hinder the evaluation of educational programs include a lack of resources, both in terms of finance and competent experts.

Bahasa merupakan salah satu ciri yang paling khas dan manusiawi untuk membedakan manusia dengan makhluk lainnya. Bahasa sebagai suatu sistem komunikasi adalah suatu bagian dari sistem kebudayaan, bahkan merupakan bagian inti kebudayaan. Bahasa juga terlibat dalam semua aspek kebudayaan. Kebudayaan manusia tidak akan mungkin terjadi tanpa bahasa karena bahasa merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan terbentuknya kebudayaan. Begitu banyak fungsi bahasa terhadap kebudayaan, seperti sebagai sarana pengembangan kebudayaan, sarana pembinaan kebudayaan, jalur pembinaan kebudayaan, dan sarana inventarisasi kebudayaan. Oleh karena itu, bahasa tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan budaya manusia karena antara bahasa dan budaya memiliki hubungan kausalitas atau hubungan timbal-balik. Bahasa merupakan salah satu hasil budaya manusia, sedangkan budaya manusia banyak pula dipengaruhi oleh bahasa. Lebih penting dari itu, kebudayaan manusia tidak akan dapat terjadi tanpa bahasa karena bahasalah faktor yang memungkinkan terbentuknya kebudayaan. Jadi, bahasa merupakan cerminan kebudayaan suatu masyarakat

Lecturer performance in a certain period is calculated based on the evidence of work collected and calculated by the party that has been given the authority, if the proof of work has fulfilled the stipulated conditions, the allowance will be based on the proof of employment. This concept in UIN North Sumatra is referred to as remuneration. The remuneration calculation process is carried out at the end of the semester conducted by the appointed institution with the assistance of an Assessor. Computerization in the process of calculating the value of remuneration is inevitable, so there is no miscalculation that results in losses to the recipient of the remuneration. To design a good information system, modeling is needed first so that the design of the system is directed according to the model that has been designed. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a software or system modeling language with an object-oriented programming concept that can analyze and describe in detail what is needed by the system. While the Oracle database is a database product created by Oracle Corporation that has high processing and performance capabilities. The results of this study are expected to create a blueprint design model for the remuneration information system of UIN North Sumatra lecturers in Medan. Keywords : Remuneration, Modeling, UML, Database, Oracle

Lately, there has been a lot of discussion in the world of education, with the concept of freedom of learning being coined by the minister of education and culture, Nadiem Makarim. in terms of including the concept of a free campus of learning. the concept becomes an effort in dealing with the changing times. then how is the concept of an independent campus learning in the face of the industrial revolution era 4.0. and how the concept of an independent campus that had been sparked by the Minister of Education and Culture namely Mr. Nadiem Makarim as well as what is the problem of students at this time so that it requires a change in the concept of higher education for the better. considering that in this case, the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 is an era in which technology is increasingly high, so that in this case students from each tertiary institution are expected to be ready to face challenges in the industrial revolution era 4.0, with the concept of an independent campus they are directed to be more ready to work , working together, creative and can be useful for themselves and other communities.

The development of the revolution era 4.0 which increasingly rapidly demands the wider community to have the ability to think creatively mathematically. One effort to improve the ability to think creatively is through quality education. Quality education can be improved through to train thinking using the right learning model. This study aims to see which results are more effective in improving students' thinking skills between the two learning models applied. The two models are Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) models. This research method uses quasi experimental method with a posttest only control test design not control group. This study uses two group subjects with two experimental classes. The analysis of the data used the hypothesis testing of the non-correlated 2-sample t-test. Based on the research results obtained Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) models have a better effect on students' creative thinking abilities compared to Problem Based Learning (PBL) models.

Financial performance as a measuring instrument to know the process of implementing financial resources owned by the company. The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the banking sector, resulting in poor financing due to debtors' disbursements as a result of the large number of people losing their jobs and difficulties in financing payments. This research aims to analyze the financial performance of Islamic Banks during the Covid-19 pandemic, using records of annual financial statements from 2011 to 2020 through Multiple Linear Regression testing and linearity testing of the model used ramsey test. As a result of this study, the results of the t test found that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) had a positive and significant effect on financial performance (ROA) while Not Performing Financing (NPF) had a negative and insignificant effect on financial performance (ROA). Furthermore, simultaneously capital adequacy ratio (CAR), Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Not Performing Financing (NPF) significantly influenced the financial performance (ROA) of Sharia banks in Indonesia.

The purpose of this research is to describe the effectiveness of STEM on the physics concepts understanding seen from gender differences. The research method used is a type of quasi-experimental design with 2x2 factorial design and saturated sampling technique. The data collecting technique used a tested method to see the results of students’ concept understanding. Hypothesis testing was done using two-way ANOVA 2 x 2 factorial designs. The results of the study are: (1) there are differences in STEM and conventional learning on concepts understanding and the use of STEM learning is more effective than the conventional one; (2) there are differences in the results of understanding the concept between male and female students where male students are higher than female students; and, (3) there is no interaction between learning and gender towards concepts understanding. The research recommends designing the STEM-integrated ESciT learning to be relevant with the indicator measurements and to manage the learning effectively to obtain optimum learning outcome.

Evaluasi meliputi mengukur dan menilai. Evaluasi merupakan proses penilaian pertumbuhan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar. Setiap siswa mempunyai kemampuan yang bervariasi dari yang cepat, sedang dan lambat. Sebelum mengevaluasi hal perlu diperhatikan adalah prinsip evaluasi, manfaat evaluasi, syarat melakukan evaluasi dan tujuan melakukan evaluasi. Namun, sekarang ini guru kurang memperhatikan hal tersebut serta banyak dijumpai guru yang memanipulasi nilai siswa. Akibat dari memanipulasi nilai akan berdampak buruk bagi siswanya.

Neurogenic bladder is a disorder of the lower urinary tract created by damage to or diseases of the nervous system. Found in many patients with neurologic disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and spina bifida among others, neurogenic bladder can lead to problematic symptoms and complications including urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency, along with risk for infection and involvement of the upper urinary tract and kidney disease. The disorder can also create substantial embarrassment resulting in social isolation for affected patients. Healthcare utilization may be excessive in patients with neurogenic bladder, including office and emergency department visits and subsequent hospitalizations. Because of its significant effects on quality of life, it is important to reassess the epidemiology and physiology of neurogenic bladder, its diagnosis and assessment, and the impact of the symptoms and complications associated with it to better manage patients with this disorder and improve outcomes.

The variety of stressors in lectures online for a pandemic COVID-19 as an internet connection is not tasty, complete the task that much in a short time, to respond to instructions quickly, as well as the need to adapt rapidly to the situation of learning from home is a condition that can cause stress on students. Ideally, the learning process carried out remotely can enhance the learning process. This change will certainly not be easy for students, including students. This study aims to determine the level of academic stress on students. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The sample of this research is 300 students. Data were analyzed using descriptive formulas. Data collection is done using a Likert type scale that has been tested for validity and reliability. Based on data analysis, the results show that, on average, students experience stress in the medium category.

This research focuses on the effort to describe the difficulties experienced by students in the learning process on the subject of building a flat side room in mathematics learning. This research was conducted in connection with the difficulty of students in learning mathematics on the matter of building a flat side room. Therefore, it takes an effort to to find out the causes of difficulties experienced by students in the process of learning mathematics. One way that can be done is to identify the causes of student learning difficulties experienced by mathematics students during the process of learning mathematics took place in the classroom. This research will be conducted on the students of class VIII SMP Negeri 12 Bandung

This study aims to reveal the effectiveness of the implementation of learning from home, and patterns of interaction between parents and children during learning from home. Set the pattern of interaction between parents and children during the learning policy from home is very important to do, so that children can voluntarily learn, and parents can easily control and improve children's learning activities and outcomes at home. The method used in this research is a qualitative study based on descriptive studies, meaning that research methods require results in the form of descriptions, or a complete and complex depiction of research data and facts. In this case the depiction in question is the pattern of interaction between parents and children during distance learning or at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the position of parents in managing interactions with their children is very important for the continuity of learning. Interaction patterns of interaction between parents and children as the findings of this study show two patterns, direct interaction; in this case parents and children together follow the learning provided by the teacher. Indirect interaction in this case parents only as a facilitator, for the implementation of learning.

Individu dapat mengembangkan pengetahuannya sendiri. Artinya adalah pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu dapat dibentuk oleh individu sendiri melalui interaksi dengan lingkungan yang terus-menerus dan selalu berubah. Dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan, individu mampu beradaptasi dan mengorganisasikan lingkungannya, sehingga terjadi perubahan dalam struktur kognitifnya, pengetahuan, wawasannya dan pemahamannya semakin berkembang. Individu juga mampu memodivikasi pengalaman yang diperoleh melalui lingkungan, sehingga melahirkan pengetahuan atau temuan-temuan baru. Oleh karena itu, proses pendidikan bukan hanya sekedar transfer of knowledge, tetapi juga bagaimana merangsang struktur kognitif inadividu mampu melahirkan pengetahuan dan temuan-temuan baru. Kedua, perlu adanya individualisasi dalam pembelajaran. Artinya, dalam proses pembelajaran, perlakuan terhadap individu harus didasarkan pada perkembangan kognitifnya. kunci keberhasilan dalam belajar terletak pada kebermaknaan bahan ajar yang diterima atau yang dipelajari oleh siswa. Dalam proses pembelajaran guru harus mampun memberikan sesuatu yang bermakna bagi siswa. Belajar dengan menghafal dan ceramah dapat menemukan sesuatu yang bermakna, asal dilakukan secara sistematis, menjelaskan dan menghubungkan antara konsep yang satu dengan konsep lainnya, menguhubungkan konsep yang baru dengan konsep yang telah dimiliki oleh siswa. Sebaliknya, belajar penemuan akan menjadi kurang bermakna, apa bila dilakukan dengan coba-coba dan tidak sistematis. Kedua, belajar bermakna akan berhasil apabila ada motivasi intrinsik dari dalam diri siswa. Dengan adanya motivasi intrinsik ini akan menumbuhkan minat dalam diri individu, dan menggerakkan individu untuk mempersiapkan diri untuk belajar, baik mempersiapkan diri secara fisik maupun psikis.

Academic writing is currently a worldwide concern. A plethora of studies on academic writing difficulties in higher education has been conducted. With the advancement of technology, the challenges of academic writing can be alleviated by using Quillbot, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered digital tool. However, research on using Quillbot in post-graduate academic writing classrooms is still limited, and little is known about how students perceive it. This study investigates how post-graduate students view Quillbot as a digital tool for English academic writing. This study employed a qualitative case study design by involving 20 post-graduate students majoring in English education who were already familiar with Quillbot to participate. In investigating the participants' perspectives, a questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used as the instruments for data collection. The findings reveal that the post-graduate students in this study responded positively to using Quillbot to assist them in improving the quality of their writing. Furthermore, the use of Quillbot was found to have three benefits: enhancing students' positive attitudes toward writing, providing a variety of user-friendly writing features, and aiding students' language development. This study implies that AI-powered technology like Quillbot in writing, particularly in academic writing, has a significant role in creating high-quality writing for students.

This study aims to determine the impact of marginalization due to the Conversion of agricultural land in Ngringo Village and the multiple livelihood strategies farmworkers use for daily survival. This study uses phenomenology to investigate socio-economic marginalization caused by land conversion to farmworkers. Field data were collected by interview and analysis of the actions taken by the informants in their daily lives. The main reason for using a phenomenological approach in this study is the unique lifestyle of farmworkers in Ngringo Village. This study shows that the initial problem due to land conversion is economic difficulties, which causes landowners to sell their agricultural land to cover all the necessities of life and their children’s education costs. In addition, the narrower the farmland to be cultivated, the more excellent the opportunity for farmers to work outside the agricultural sector; One of them is a construction worker. With such conditions, farm labourers continue to work on agricultural land that has changed ownership to become a company or factory because of the consequences. They may lose their livelihood because the land is used to build factories and industries. Another way to survive is to work as a srabutan. This phenomenon is a form of economic morality owned by farmworkers in Ngringo Village.