Zhongshan College of Dalian Medical University

Few studies have been conducted specifically on the dense connective tissue located in the posterior medial part of the cervical epidural space. This study was undertaken to examine the presence of this connection between the cervical dura mater and the posterior wall of spinal canal at the level of C1-C2. 30 head-neck specimens of Chinese adults were used. Gross dissection was performed on the suboccipital regions of the 20 specimens. Having been treated with the P45 plastination method, 10 specimens were sliced (9 sagittal and 1 horizontal sections). As a result, a dense fibrous band was identified in the nuchal ligament of 29 specimens (except for one horizontal section case). This fascial structure arose from the tissue of the posterior border of the nuchal ligament and then projected anteriorly and superiorly to enter the atlantoaxial interspace. It was termed as to be named ligament (TBNL). In all 30 specimens the existence of a fibrous connection was found between the posterior aspect of the cervical dura mater and the posterior wall of the spinal canal at the level of the atlas to the axis. This fibrous connection was identified as vertebrodural ligament (VDL). The VDL was mainly subdivided into three parts, and five variations of VDL were identified. These two structures, TBNL and VDL, firmly link the posterior aspect of cervical dura mater to the rear of the atlas-axis and the nuchal region. According to these findings, the authors speculated that the movements of the head and neck are likely to affect the shape of the cervical dural sleeve via the TBNL and VDL. It is hypothesized that the muscles directly associated with the cervical dural sleeve, in the suboccipital region, may work as a pump providing an important force required to move the CSF in the spinal canal.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs are associated with malignant biological behaviour, including tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis via the regulation of target gene expression. Our previous study demonstrated that programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), which is a tumour suppressor gene, is a target of microRNA‑21 (miR‑21), which affects the proliferation and transformation capabilities of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. However, the role of miR‑21 in the molecular mechanism underlying the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of RCC remains poorly understood. The effects of miR‑21 on the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of RCC cells was determined through meta‑analysis and regulation of miR‑21 expression in vitro. After searching several databases, 6 articles including a total of 473 patients met the eligibility criteria for this analysis. The combined results of the meta‑analysis revealed that increased miR‑21 expression was significantly associated with adverse prognosis in patients with RCC, with a pooled hazard ratio estimate of 1.740. In in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that a miR‑21 inhibitor decreased the number of migrating and invading A498 and 786‑O RCC cells, along with a decrease in PDCD4, c‑Jun, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression. Additionally, inhibition of miR‑21 was revealed to reduce tube formation and tube junctions in the endothelial cell line HMEC‑1 by affecting the expression of angiotensin‑1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, whereas PDCD4 small interfering RNA exerted opposite effects on the same cells. Overall, these findings, along with evidence‑based molecular biology, demonstrated that miR‑21 expression promoted the migration, invasion and angiogenic abilities of RCC cells by directly targeting the PDCD4/c‑Jun signalling pathway. The results may help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the development and progression of RCC and provide a promising target for microRNA‑based therapy.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodic sleep state-dependent collapse of the upper airway, with consequent hypoxia, hypercapnia, and arousal from sleep. OSA contributes to multisystem damage; in severe cases, sudden cardiac death might occur. In addition to causing respiratory, cardiovascular and endocrine metabolic diseases, OSA is also closely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As the prevalence of OSA and NAFLD increases rapidly, they significantly exert adverse effects on the health of human beings. The authors retrieved relevant documents on OSA and NAFLD from PubMed and Medline. This narrative review elaborates on the current knowledge of OSA and NAFLD, demonstrates the impact of OSA on NAFLD, and clarifies the underlying mechanisms of OSA in the progression of NAFLD. Although there is a lack of sufficient high-quality clinical studies to prove the causal or concomitant relationship between OSA and NAFLD, existing evidence has confirmed the effect of OSA on NAFLD. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms through which OSA impacts NAFLD would hold considerable importance in terms of both prevention and the identification of potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD.

The rapid increase of the number of vehicles worldwide has led to serious traffic congestion and long waiting time for traffic lights, which has become a major difficulty for all major cities. As a new generation of technical means to solve the above issues, intelligent transportation provides new possibilities for traffic system dispatching. This paper designs a big data prediction system based on intelligent transportation, with which a user-friendly UI interface is implemented based on Python and the Tkinter Python library. Specifically, we introduce PyMySql library to implement the Python user UI interface connection to the database and MySQL database to realize the massive traffic data storage and management and Pandas, Numpy, Sklearn, Tensorflow and Keras are utilized to build traffic data prediction model. In order to solve the critical issues such as incomplete data and network topology structure, the system is designed to support three different modes, namely no sequence data forecasting model, single sequence data forecast model and road network topological structure prediction model.

Supercapacitor has been considered one of the most promising energy storage devices and has been widely used in new energy generation, electric vehicles, pulse power supply and other fields in these years. Because supercapacitor can charge and discharge at large current, it has been employed to output and absorb peak power in energy storage systems. In those applications, the state-of-charge(SOC) of supercapacitor is usually calculated in Amper-Hour integral (AHI) measurement. Though the nonlinearity of supercapacitor working process isn't as intense as that of lithium battery, the SOC estimation error of AHI for supercapacitor can't be ignored. In this paper, a SOC estimation method of supercapacitor with Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the equivalent circuit model of supercapacitor is established, and the function relationship between its open circuit voltage and SOC is obtained by theoretical analysis and experimental test. Then parameters of the equivalent circuit model are updated with Forgetting Factor Least Square method. Finally Kalman filter operator is designed by using the state equation of charge and discharge of supercapacitor. The experiment result shows the estimation error is ranging from −0.51 % to 0.07% and RMSE is 0.0023, which indicates the accuracy of the SOC estimation algorithm.

Aspirin, widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease, had been linked to the incidence of bladder cancer (BCa). Existing studies focusing on Chinese populations are relatively rare, especially for Northeast China. Meanwhile, relevant studies on the effects of aspirin on the occurrence or prognosis of BCa are inconsistent or even controversial. First, in the case control study, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between aspirin intake and risk of BCa including 1121 patients with BCa and the 2242 controls. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analyses were applied to explore the association between aspirin intake and clinicopathological factors which may predict overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of BCa patients. Finally, we quantificationally combined the results with those from the published literature evaluating aspirin intake and its effects on the occurrence, outcome of surgery and prognosis of BCa by meta-analysis up to May 1, 2021.Our case-control study demonstrated that the regular use of aspirin was not associated with a reduced incidence of BCa (P=0.175). Stratified analyses of sex showed that aspirin intake did not lead to a lower risk of BCa in female patients (P=0.063). However, the male population who regularly took aspirin had a lower incidence of BCa (OR=0.748, 95% CI= 0.584-0.958, P=0.021). Subgroup analyses stratified by smoking found a significant reduction in the risk of BCa in current smokers with aspirin intake (OR=0.522, 95% CI=0.342-0.797, P=0.002). In terms of prognosis of BCa, patients with a history of aspirin intake did not had a markedly longer OS or RFS than those with no history of aspirin intake by Kaplan-Meier curves. Stratified analysis by sex showed no correlation between aspirin intake and the recurrence or survival of BCa for either male or female patients. However, in people younger than 68, aspirin intake seemed to have prolonged effects for overall survival (HR=3.876; 95% CI=1.326-11.325, P=0.019). Then, we performed a meta-analysis and the combined results from 19 articles and our study involving more than 39524 BCa cases indicated that aspirin intake was not associated with the occurrence of BCa (P=0.671). Subgroup analysis by whether regular use of aspirin, by the mean duration of use of aspirin, by sex, by smoking exposure, by research region and by study type also supported the above results. In terms of the impact of aspirin intake on the prognosis of patients with BCa, 11 articles and our study involving 8825 BCa cases were eligible. The combined results showed that patients with aspirin intake did not have significantly influence on survival, recurrence, progression and metastasis than those without aspirin intake. On the whole, both our retrospective study and literature meta-analysis suggested a lack of a strong relevant association between the use of aspirin and the incidence or prognosis of BCa. Thus, additional long-term follow-up prospective research is warranted to clarify the association of aspirin with BCa incidence and prognosis.

Low-grade B cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas involving the kidney were extremely rare, genetic alteration or molecular features was not yet explored, which may lead to limited choices for postoperative adjuvant or targeted. Whole-exome sequencing based tumor mutation profiling was performed on the tumor sample from a 77-year-old female presenting with discomfort at the waist was pathologically diagnosed as MALT lymphomas in the right kidney. We identified 101 somatic SNVs, and the majority of the identified SNVs were located in CDS and intronic regions. A total of 190 gain counts of CNVs with a total size of 488,744,073 was also investigated. After filtering with the CGC database, seven predisposing genes (ARID4A, COL2A1, FANCL, ABL2, HSP90AB1, FANCA, and DIS3) were found in renal MALT specimen. Furthermore, we compared somatic variation with known driver genes and validated three mutational driver genes including ACSL3, PHOX2B, and ADCY1. Sanger sequencing of germline DNA revealed the presence of a mutant base T of PHOX2B and a mutant base C of ADCY1 in the sequence, which were discovered for the first time in MALT lymphomas involving the kidney. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, PAX5, CD21, and CD23, and expression of CD3, CD5, and CD8 were observed in reactive T lymphocytes surrounding tumor cells. These findings illustrated that concurrent aberrant PHOX2B and ADCY1 signaling may be a catastrophic event resulting in disease progression and inhibition of the putative driver mutations may be alternative adjuvant therapy for MALT lymphoma in the kidney which warrants further clinical investigation.

Some agricultural regions in large areas deficient in Boron (B) also present a risk of contamination of soils with excess mercury (Hg). The purpose of this study was to explore whether Hg stress induces programmed cell death (PCD) in tobacco BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow-2) cells and the influence of B deprivation on mercury (Hg) stress-induced PCD. It was shown that the BY-2 cells exposed to 30 μM mercury chloride (HgCl2) underwent PCDand in the meantime, the expression changes of PCD-related genes were found. Meanwhile, Hg stress in combination with B deprivation can cause much higher proportion of cells to undergo PCD than Hg stress alone. Accompanied with PCD, the HgCl2-stressed cells under B deprivation accumulated more H2O2 and lipid peroxides than control cells. Our results suggest that HgCl2 can induce PCD in tobacco BY-2 cells, that B deficiency would enhance this effect, and oxidative damage is directly involved in the PCD process.

Fam20C is a Golgi kinase phosphorylating the majority of the secreted proteins. In this decade, the function of Fam20C has been largely disclosed in the loss-of function models. How the influence of the overexpressed Fam20C on cells or organs, and whether Fam20C was associated with tumorogensis still remain unknown. In the latest article in Bioscience Reports, a group from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University established a correlation between the elevated Fam20C expression and the poor prognosis of multiple cancers (Biosci. Rep. (2021), 41(1) BSR20201920). In addition, they also proposed the potential mechanisms how the increased Fam20C expression played a detrimental role in tumor progression by suggesting that the up-regulated Fam20C level affected the infiltration of immune cells and the capability of cancer metastasis. To give an overview of the expanding knowledge of Fam20C involved in the physiological and pathological events, we first reviewed the history of Fam20C study in this commentary, then, evaluated the correlation of the elevated Fam20C expression to the prognosis of multiple cancers, and finally, interpreted the perspectives that the Fam20C gain-of-function model was also critical for cancer therapy.

Abstract The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) isoforms play distinct roles in cancer, but their structural similarity limits isoform-specific inhibition. Here, we modified nonselective HSP70 inhibitor S1g-10 via a subcellular anchoring strategy to generate compounds 5 and 8, which selectively target mitochondrial-localized GRP75 and ER-localized GRP78, respectively. Both compounds modulated their intended targets in vivo. Additionally, GRP75, but not GRP78, was identified as a key regulator of mitochondrial membrane stability in breast cancer cells and maintains the stemness of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Compared with normal cells, compound 5 exhibited selective toxicity against breast cancer cells and effectively suppressed the properties of BCSCs. This study provides novel chemical probes for studying specific isoforms of HSP70 and introduces a strategy to develop GRP75-targeted therapeutics for breast cancer.

Micropeptides, these small proteins derived from non-coding RNA, typically consist of no more than 100 amino acids in length. Despite the challenges in analysis and identification, their various critical functions within organisms cannot be overlooked. They play a significant role in maintaining energy metabolism balance, regulating the immune system, and influencing the development of tumors, which also gives them a decisive impact on the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review aims to outline the role and potential value of micropeptides, introducing their tissue classification and distribution, biological functions, and mechanisms, with a focus on their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic drugs.

The \( n \)-dimensional Möbius cube \( MQ_n \) is an important variant of the hypercube \( Q_n \), which possesses some properties superior to the hypercube. This paper investigates the fault-tolerant edge-pancyclicity of \( MQ_n \), and shows that if \( MQ_n \) (\( n \geq 5 \)) contains at most \( n-2 \) faulty vertices and/or edges then, for any fault-free edge \( uv \) in \( MQ_n^i (i=0,1) \) and any integer \( \ell \) with \( 7-i \leqslant \ell \leqslant 2^n - f_v \), there is a fault-free cycle of length \( \ell \) containing the edge \( uv \), where \( f_v \) is the number of faulty vertices. The result is optimal in some senses.

With the implementation of the national intellectual property strategy, the State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R.C., in "Several Opinions on Further Enhancing the Patent Application Quality", has clearly indicated that the amount of intellectual property creation and the quality of intellectual property should be coordinated and developed. Leading creators of intellectual property should shift their attention from the quantity of the intellectual property they produce to the quality of that intellectual property. The quality of patent applications plays an important role in patent quality evaluation and innovation. Therefore, it is important to further improve the quality of patent applications to ensure the efficient operation of the patent system. This research will start from the connotation of patent application quality, with insight from domestic and foreign scholars on the quality index of patent applications. Then this research will develop a system of patent application quality evaluation index that aims to provide policy bases and decision-making references for the appropriate evaluation of patent application quality.

目的 了解青年学生焦虑情绪的流行学特征及其相关因素.方法采用分层随机抽取方法,用一般状况调查表、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、成就动机测量表(AMS)进行测量.结果本组样本中青年学生焦虑的平均得分为43.26±0.34,245人出现重度焦虑情绪,总发生率为24.5%;高中与大学的学生、不同性别的学生、不同水平的大学生之间焦虑情绪没有差异(P＞0.05);重点高中学生焦虑显著高于普通高中(P＜0.01);青年学生的焦虑情绪与人际关系、学习压力呈正相关,与学年和积极应对方式呈负相关,按相关程度从大到小依次排列为学年、受惩罚因子、丧失因子、生活事件总体等.结论青少年的焦虑水平严重程度明显高于中国正常人的常模焦虑平均分值上限,并与多种因素相关。

O), sevoflurane, and isoflurane. Their therapeutic effects appear to arise from the regulation of multiple interconnected systems: modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling, interaction with monoaminergic neurotransmitters (5-HT, DA, NE), activation of neuropeptide-related pathways such as BDNF and VGF, regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and suppression of inflammatory responses. These pathways overlap with core pathophysiological changes in depression and thus represent promising targets for intervention. Given the limited efficacy and delayed onset of traditional antidepressants, anesthetics with rapid antidepressant properties have emerged as attractive alternatives. However, their precise mechanisms of action, as well as questions regarding long-term safety and optimal clinical application, remain to be fully clarified. This review summarizes recent advances in both experimental and clinical research on the antidepressant effects of anesthetics, highlighting their underlying molecular and neural mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and current limitations. By integrating mechanistic insights with translational evidence, this article provides new perspectives and serves as a reference for future research aimed at developing safe and effective anesthetic-based therapies for treatment-resistant depression.

Background: Bronchogenic cysts are benign congenital anomalies originating from embryonic foregut development. Although typically located in the mediastinum or lung parenchyma, retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts are exceedingly rare, with only a limited number of cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a bronchogenic cyst situated in the left retroperitoneal space, along with a concise review of previously documented cases, summarizing their common epidemiological, clinicopathological, and prognostic features. Case summary: A 48-year-old female was admitted with unexplained left lumbar pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a slightly hyperdense cystic mass measuring 43×37×36 mm in the left adrenal region. The lesion was successfully resected using robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst. The patient remained hemodynamically stable and recovered well postoperatively. At the 6-month follow-up, she remained asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: Given the rarity of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts, preoperative imaging is often insufficient to definitively differentiate them from other retroperitoneal neoplasms. Consequently, definitive diagnosis usually depends on postoperative pathological evaluation. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by this rare entity and underscores the importance of pathological examination for definitive diagnosis.

Background and Objective: inhibitors. Methods: inhibitors were analyzed. Key Content and Findings: -dysregulated (amplified/overexpressing) NSCLC. Conclusions: ex14 mutation and BM. The administration of capmatinib can help mitigate potential food-intake and drug-drug interactions in clinical settings. This facilitates the optimization of long-term medication schedules, enhancing the clinical efficacy of the treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with complex etiologies involving immune responses and circulating proteins. This study investigates the causal relationships between antibody immune responses, plasma circulating proteins, and the development of RA using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis; A two-sample and multivariate MR analysis was conducted to explore the mediating causal relationship between 46 antibody immune responses and RA through 4,907 plasma circulating proteins. Genetic variations were utilized as instrumental variables (IVs) to infer causality, ensuring that they met the assumptions of relevance, independence, and exclusion restriction. Data were sourced from the FinnGen R10 dataset, UK Biobank, and the SomaScan platform, providing a robust foundation for the analysis. Statistical methods including IVW, weighted median, and mode-based approaches were employed, complemented by sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of the findings; The study identified significant causal relationships between six antibody immune responses and RA, with three specific responses-Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1, Epstein-Barr virus ZEBRA, and Anti-polyomavirus 2 IgG seropositivity-showing strong associations. However, reverse causality was detected for EBNA-1 and ZEBRA, leading to their exclusion from further analysis. Additionally, 12 plasma circulating proteins were found to have significant causal relationships with RA, with KCNIP3 emerging as a key protective factor. Multivariate MR analysis revealed that KCNIP3 mediates the relationship between Anti-polyomavirus 2 IgG seropositivity and RA, suggesting a potential protective mechanism. This study highlights the intricate relationships between specific antibody responses, circulating proteins, and RA risk. The findings suggest that certain proteins, particularly KCNIP3, may mediate the effects of immune responses on RA development, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by tissue inflammation, to identify and analyze differentially expressed proteins from a proteomic perspective, and to provide a basis for elucidating the role mechanism of the inflammatory microenvironment in BPH progression and for seeking potential intervention targets. Methods: Sixty BPH surgical patients were included and divided into a simple BPH group (n = 30) and a BPH with tissue inflammation group (n = 30) based on histological inflammation scores. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to compare the expression patterns of differentially expressed proteins between the two groups. Bioinformatics tools were employed to perform functional enrichment analysis (GO, KEGG) and construct protein-protein interaction networks (STRING) for the differentially expressed proteins. Key proteins were selected and independently validated by Western blot. Results: A total of approximately 4900 proteins were identified. Compared with the simple BPH group, the BPH with inflammation group showed significant differences (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.05) in inflammation-related molecules (i.e., proteins primarily associated with initiating or modulating inflammatory processes; e.g., S100A8 upregulated by 3.45-fold, S100A9 upregulated by 3.22-fold, MMP9 upregulated by 3.10-fold, CCL2 upregulated by 2.98-fold) and prostate normal secretion-related proteins (e.g., MSMB downregulated to 0.12-fold, ACPP downregulated to 0.15-fold). Bioinformatic analysis showed significant enrichment of inflammation response, cell chemotaxis, ECM-receptor interaction, and Chemokine and Jak-STAT pathways. STRING analysis revealed a network distribution of key proteins, with most hub nodes concentrated in the core links of inflammation and immune regulation. Western blot validation results were consistent with the omics data, supporting the real existence and role of core proteins (i.e., proteins with high connectivity or central regulatory influence in the interaction network) in the pathological mechanism of BPH with inflammation. Conclusion: There are specific differentially expressed proteins in BPH with tissue inflammation, and the associated molecular networks jointly influence local microenvironment remodeling and the hyperplastic process. Elucidating the roles of these molecules and pathways helps improve our understanding of BPH pathogenesis and provides strong clues for precise diagnosis and the exploration of individualized therapeutic strategies.

At present, people pay more and more attention to medical and health issues, and more and more Internet users are eager to obtain medical related knowledge from the Internet. However, despite the large amount of medical data spread on the Internet, it is difficult for ordinary Internet users to effectively obtain and use these data through search engines. To solve this problem, this paper designs and implements a medical question answering system based on knowledge map, so that users can quickly obtain the relevant knowledge in the medical field they want by asking questions, and realize the effective use of medical data on the Internet. At present, there are few question answering systems in the medical and health field, so the medical question answering system designed in this paper has a broad application prospect. The medical knowledge map constructed in the system can also be used in more application scenarios such as medical chat robots in the future, further promoting the process of intelligence in the medical field.