Intravascular Extraction of Problematic or Infected Permanent Pacemaker Leads: 1994–1996

Of the 400,000-500,000 permanent pacemaker leads implanted worldwide each year, around 10% may eventually fail or become infected, becoming potential candidates for removal. Intravascular techniques for removing problematic or infected leads evolved over a 5-year period (1989-1993). This article ana... View More