A critique of ANSI SQL isolation levels

Berenson, Hal; Bernstein, Phil; Gray, Jim; Melton, Jim; O’Neil, Elizabeth; O’Neil, Patrick

doi:10.1145/223784.223785

Public

A critique of ANSI SQL isolation levels

Published • Jan 1, 1995

Authors:

Hal Berenson

Phil Bernstein

Jim Gray

Abstract

ANSI SQL-92 [MS, ANSI] defines Isolation Levels in terms of phenomena: Dirty Reads, Non-Repeatable Reads, and Phantoms. This paper shows that these phenomena and the ANSI SQL definitions fail to properly characterize several popular isolation levels, including the standard locking implementations of...

Subject

Computer science

Isolation (microbiology)

ANSI C

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