Ligamentum flavum fibrosis and hypertrophy: Molecular pathways, cellular mechanisms, and future directions

Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF), along with disk protrusion and facet joints degeneration, is associated with the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Of note, LF hypertrophy is deemed as an important cause of LSCS. Histologically, fibrosis is proved to be the main pathology of ... View More