The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

Tegally, Houriiyah; Emmanuel San, James; Cotten, Matthew; Moir, Monika; Tegomoh, Bryan; Mboowa, Gerald; P. Martin, Darren; Baxter, Cheryl; W. Lambisia, Arnold; Diallo, Amadou; G. Amoako, Daniel; Moïse Diagne, Moussa; Sisay, Abay; N. Zekri, Abdel‐Rahman; Salam Guèye, Abdou; Karim Sangaré, Abdoul; Ouédraogo, Abdoul–Salam; Sow, Abdourahmane; O. Musa, Abdualmoniem; Karim Sesay, Abdul; G. Abias, Abe; Elzagheid, Adam; Lagaré, Adamou; Kemi, Adedotun-Sulaiman; Elmi Abar, Aden; A. Johnson, Adeniji; Fowotade, Adeola; O. Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi; Amuri-Aziza, Adrienne; Juru, Agnes; Kandeil, Ahmed; Mostafa, Ahmed; Rebaï, Ahmed; A. Sayed, Ahmed; Akano, Kazeem; Baldé, Aladje; Christoffels, Alan; J. Trotter, Alexander; Campbell, Allan; Kabinet Kéita, Alpha; Koné, A.; Bouzid, Amal; Souissi, Amal; Agweyu, Ambrose; Naguib, Amel; Victoria Gutiérrez, Ana; Nkeshimana, Anatole; J. Page, Andrew; Yadouléton, Anges; Vinzé, Anika; N. Happi, Anise; Chouikha, Anissa; Iranzadeh, Arash; Maharaj, Arisha; L. Batchi‐Bouyou, Armel; Ismail, Arshad; Angelina Sylverken, Augustina; Goba, Augustine; Ayoade, Femi; E. Sijuwola, Ayotunde; M, Baba; Lawal Salako, Babatunde; Soji Oderinde, Bamidele; Bolajoko, Bankole; Diarra, Bassirou; L. Herring, Belinda; Tsofa, Benjamin; Lekana-Douki, Bernard; Mvula, Bernard; Njanpop‐Lafourcade, Berthe‐Marie; T. Marondera, Blessing; Abdi Khaireh, Bouh; Kouriba, Bourèma; Adu, Bright; Pool, Brigitte; McInnis, Bronwyn; E. Brook, Cara; Williamson, Carolyn; Nduwimana, Cassien; Anscombe, Catherine; Pratt, Catherine; Scheepers, Cathrine; Akoua‐Koffi, Chantal; N. Agoti, Charles; M. Mapanguy, Chastel; Loucoubar, Cheikh; Onwuamah, Chika; Ihekweazu, Chikwe; Malaka, Christian; N. Peyrefitte, Christophe; Grace, Chukwa; Ewean Omoruyi, Chukwuma; Donatien Rafaï, Clotaire; M. Morang’a, Collins; Erameh, Cyril; Lule Bugembe, Daniel; J. Bridges, Daniel; Mukadi‐Bamuleka, Daniel; J. Park, Daniel; A. Rasmussen, David; Baker, David; James Nokes, D.; Ssemwanga, Deogratius; Tshiabuila, Derek; S. Y. Amuzu, Dominic; Goedhals, Dominique; S. Grant, Donald; O. Omuoyo, Donwilliams; Maruapula, Dorcas; Wanjohi, Dorcas; Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Kinganda-Lusamaki, Eddy; Simulundu, Edgar; M. Ong’era, Edidah; Nkwembe Ngabana, Edith; Okoth Abworo, Edward; Otieno, Edward; Shumba, Edwin; Barasa, Edwine; Bara Ahmed, El; Abdalla Ahmed, Elhadi; Lokilo, Emmanuel; Mukantwari, Enatha; Philomena, Eromon; Belarbi, Essia; Simon‐Lorière, Etienne; A. Anoh, Etilé; Manuel, Eusébio; H. Leendertz, Fabian; Taweh, Fahn; Farès, Wasfi; Abdelmoula, Fatma; Tatenda Takawira, Faustinos; Derrar, Fawzi; V. Ajogbasile, Fehintola; K. Treurnicht, Florette; Folarin, Onikepe; Ntoumi, Francine; Muyembe, Francisca; Edgard Zongo Ragomzingba, Frank; Athanasius Dratibi, Fred; Iyanu, Fred-Akintunwa; K. Mbunsu, Gabriel; Thilliez, Gaëtan; L. Kay, Gemma; O. Akpede, George; U. van Zyl, Gert; A. Awandare, Gordon; Semabia Kpeli, Grace; Schubert, Grit; Maphalala, Gugu; Christian Ranaivoson, Hafaliana; E. Omunakwe, Hannah; Onywera, Harris; Abe, Haruka; Karray, Héla; Nansumba, Hellen; Triki, Henda; Albéric Adje Kadjo, Herve; A. Elgahzaly, Hesham; Gumbo, Hlanai; Mathieu, Hota; Kavunga‐Membo, Hugo; Smeti, Ibtihel; B. Olawoye, Idowu; Adetifa, Ifedayo; Odia, Ikponmwosa; Boutiba Ben Boubaker, Ilhem; Ahmed Muhammad, Iluoreh; Ssewanyana, Isaac; Wurie, Isatta; Konstantinus, Iyaloo; Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko, Jacqueline; Ayei, James; Sonoo, Janaki; Makangara-Cigolo, Jean-Claude; Muyembe Tamfum, Jean‐Jacques; Héraud, Jean‐Michel; G. Shaffer, Jeffrey; Giandhari, Jennifer; Musyoki, Jennifer; Nkurunziza, Jerome; N. Uwanibe, Jessica; N. Bhiman, Jinal; Yasuda, Jiro; Morais, Joana; Kiconco, Jocelyn; Demby Sandi, John; Huddleston, John; Kofi Odoom, John; Mwita Morobe, John; O. Gyapong, John; Kayiwa, John; Okolie, Johnson; S. 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Mburu, Maureen; Mpina, Maxmillian; Owusu, Michael; R. Wiley, Michael; Youtchou Tatfeng, Mirabeau; Ondo’o Ayekaba, Mitoha; Abouelhoda, Mohamed; Amine Beloufa, Mohamed; G. Seadawy, Mohamed; K. Khalifa, Mohamed; Marethabile Matobo, Mooko; Kane, Mouhamed; Salou, Mounérou; B. Mbulawa, Mphaphi; Mwenda, Mulenga; Allam, Mushal; V. T. Phan, My; Abid, Nabil; Rujeni, Nadine; Abuzaid, Nadir; Ismael, Nália; Elguindy, Nancy; Marième Top, Ndeye; Dia, Ndongo; Mabunda, Nédio; Hsiao, Marvin; Boricó Silochi, Nelson; M. Francisco, Ngiambudulu; Saasa, Ngonda; Bbosa, Nicholas; Murunga, Nickson; Gumede, Nicksy; Wolter, Nicole; Sitharam, Nikita; Ndodo, Nnaemeka; Anthony Ajayi, Nnennaya; Tordo, Noël; Mbhele, Nokuzola; Harline Razanajatovo, Norosoa; Iguosadolo, Nosamiefan; Mba, Nwando; C. Kingsley, Ojide; Sylvanus, Okogbenin; Oladiji, Femi; Olubusuyi Adewumi, Moses; Olumade, Testimony; Ogunsanya, Olusola; Fakayode, Oluwatosin; Emeka Ogah, Onwe; Oludayo, Ope-Ewe; Faye, Ousmane; Smith-Lawrence, Pamela; Ondoa, Pascale; Combe, P; Nabisubi, Patricia; Semanda, Patrick; E. Oluniyi, Paul; Arnaldo, Paulo; K. Quashie, Peter; O. Okokhere, Peter; Bejon, Philip; Dussart, Philippe; Armand Bester, Phillip; Mbala, Placide; Kaleebu, Pontiano; Abechi, Priscilla; El‐Shesheny, Rabeh; Joseph, R; K. Aziz, Ramy; Ghislain Essomba, René; Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben; Njouom, Richard; Odame Phillips, Richard; Gorman, Richmond; A. Kingsley, Robert; Maria D. E. S. A. Neto Rodrigues, Rosa; Audu, Rosemary; Carr, Rosina; Gargouri, Saba; Masmoudi, Saber; Bootsma, Sacha; Sankhe, Safiétou; Isse Mohamed, Sahra; Femi, Saibu; Mhalla, Salma; Hosch, Salome; K. Kassim, Samar; Metha, Samar; Trabelsi, Sameh; H. A. Agwa, Sara; Mwangi, Sarah; Doumbia, Seydou; Makiala‐Mandanda, Sheila; Aryeetey, Sherihane; S. Ahmed, Shymaa; Mohamed Ahmed, Sidi; Elhamoumi, Siham; Moyo, Sikhulile; Lutucuta, Silvia; Gaseitsiwe, Simani; Jalloh, Simbirie; Fy Andriamandimby, Soa; Oguntope, Sobajo; Grayo, Solène; Etenna Lekana-Douki, Sonia; J. Prosolek, Sophie; Ouangraoua, Soumeya; van Wyk, Stephanie; F. Schaffner, S.; Kanyerezi, Stephen; Ahuka‐Mundeke, Steve; Rudder, Steven; Pillay, Sureshnee; Nabadda, Susan; Behillil, Sylvie; L. Budiaki, Sylvie; van der Werf, Sylvie; Mashe, Tapfumanei; Mohale, Thabo; Le-Viet, Thanh; P. Velavan, Thirumalaisamy; Schindler, Tobias; Maponga, Tongai; Bedford, Trevor; J. Anyaneji, Ugochukwu; Ugwu, Chinedu; Ramphal, Upasana; E. George, Uwem; Enouf, Vincent; Nene, Vishvanath; Gorova, Vivianne; H. Roshdy, Wael; Abdul Karim, Wasim; Ampofo, William; Preiser, Wolfgang; T. Choga, Wonderful; Ali Ahmed, Yahaya; Ramphal, Yajna; Bediako, Yaw; Naidoo, Yeshnee; Butera, Yvan; R. de Laurent, Zaydah; Pathogen Genomics Initiative (Africa PGI)‡, Africa; E Ogwell Ouma, Ahmed; von Gottberg, Anne; Githinji, George; Moeti, Matshidiso; Tomori, Oyewale; C. Sabeti, Pardis; A. Sall, Amadou; O. Oyola, Samuel; Kebede Tebeje, Yenew; K. Tessema, Sofonías; de Oliveira, Túlio; Happi, Christian; Lessells, Richard; N. Nkengasong, John; Wilkinson, Eduan; Shibemba, Aaron; Ene Obong, Abasi; Fadeyi, Abayomi; Anas, Abbad; Elazeez Shabaan, Abd; Monaem Adel, Abd; Moniem Ain Shoka, Abd; Mhmoud Abdelhamid, Waleed; Laraqui, Abdelilah; Laatiris, Abdelkader; Meziane Bellefquih, Abdelkrim; Abdellah, Faouzi; Abdelmoulah, F.; Essabbar, Abdelmounim; Bimouhen, Abderrahmane; Hilali, Abderraouf; Abdo, Ibrahim; Padane, Abdou; Karim Sangaré, Abdoul; Karim Soumah, Abdoul; Djimdé, Abdoulaye; Touré, Abdoulaye; Kanteh, Abdoulie; Bashein, Abdulla; Salama, Abdullah; Lojuan, Abe; Genetu Bayih, Abebe; Abera Negash, Abel; Lissom, Abel; Abid, Nabil; Ahouefa Konou, Abla; Shama, Abo; Abosede, O.; Abouelnaga, Sherif; Ali, Abraham; K. Anang, Abraham; Tesfaye, Abraham; K. Khan, Adam; Tayachew, Adamu; Mihret, Adane; Alfatih AlEmam, Adba; Hawi, Adede; Adesegun, A.; Feleke Desta, Adey; Ghassan, Adib; Traoré, Adjaratou; A. 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Ali, Mohamed; Zumla, Alimuddin; Ben Kahla, Alia; Grad, Alia; Kabanda, Alice; Tia, Alie; Camara, Alimou; Zumla, Alimuddin; Baba Dieng, Allé; Issiaka Maïga, Almoustapha; Alpha Sall, Amadou; Daou, Amadou; Naguib, Amal; Souiri, Amal; Zouaki, Amal; Amalou, Ghita; Mveang-Nzoghe, Amandine; Koné, Amariane; Koné, Amariane; D. Ahouidi, Ambroise; Benyahia, Amel; Nagiub, Amel; Amer, Khaled; M. Dorkenoo, Améyo; Barkat, Amina; Dia, Aminata; Mbaye, Aminata; Mboup, Aminata; Sileymane Thiam, Aminata; Idriss Lahlou, Amine; Suliaman Wadi, Amira; Ehlan, Amivi; Marion, Amujal; Aziza, Amuri; Strydom, Amy; Abbad, Anass; Nkeshimana, Anatole; Mulu, Andargachew; Maaroufi, Anderrahmane; E. Luquette, Andrea; Shiningavamwe, Andreas; Andres, Moreira-Soto; S. Azman, Andrew; J. Bennett, Andrew; Tarupiwa, Andrew; Anga, Latifa; Badjo, Ange; Angelov, Angel; Brisebarre, Angela; M. Detweiler, Angela; Ndong, Angoune; Werno, Anja; Julienne Selbe Ndiaye, Anna; Sander, Anna‐Lena; Annajr, B.; D’Aprile, Annamaria; van der Linden, Anne; van der Eijk, Annemiek; Erhart, Annette; M. Somboro, Anou; Dagnran, Anoumou; Ahumibe, Anthony; Levasseur, Anthony; van der Linden, Antje; Dara, Antoine; Jegede-Williams, Anu; Aouni, Mahjoub; Arjarquah, Augustina; Uwituze, Arlene; Upton, Arlo; Poda, Armel; Somé, Arsène; Zongo, Arsène; Massinga, Arsenia; Asare, K.M.; Fred Katabazi, Ashaba; Ferjani, Asma; Dieng, Assane; Gaye-Gaye, Astou; Chenis Atiga, Nick; Gebreegziabxier Weldemariam, Atsbeha; Arjaquah, Augustina; Auld, A.; Ba-Diallo, Awa; ElMoussi, Awatef; Awunyo, Sena; Mohamed, Aya; A. Farghaly, Ayman; Ayo-Ale, B.; Ayoade, F.; Akim Adégnika, Ayôla; More, Ayong; Babatunde James, Ayorinde; Azami, Nawfel; Diergaardt, Azaria; Patrick Okwuraiwe, Azuka; Taiwo, Babafemi; B. Baboo, S.; S. Bahadoor, B.; Bahnassy, A.A.; Sanyang, Bakary; Bakry, Usama; Fatoumata Touré, Bamba; Iwalokun, Bamidele; Banda, R.; Bane, S.; A. Johnson, Bankole; Cisse, Barada; Murwira, Barbra; B. Oude Munnink, Bas; L. Batchi‐Bouyou, Armel; Batra, Rahul; Dhaala, Beatrice; Lamiae, Belayachi; Belkhir, A.B.; Ben Ayed, Ikhlas; Morton, Ben; Moussa, Ben; Wulf, Ben; Ndeboko, Bénédicte; Benhida, Rachid; B. Lindsey, Benjamiin; H. Foulkes, Benjamin; Hounkpatin, Benjamin; Sélekon, Benjamin; Bensaid, M.; Mpairwe, Bernard; S. Bagaya, Bernard; Vanmechelen, Bert; Lell, Bertrand; Mutai, Beth; Adnew, Bethlehem; Makamure, Beuty; Bighignoli, Barbara; Piere Ndiaye, Birahim; N. Adhikari, Bishwo; Bitrou, S.M.; MBoringong Akenji, Blaise; Shobayo, Bode; Zuze, Boitumelo; Manguire Nlavo, Bonifacio; Belfquih, Bouchra; Boujemla, Bouchra; Yatassaye, Bouna; Bouzidi, Aymane; Andika, Brian; K. Yemi, Bright; Kleinhans, Bronwyn; P. G. V. Galvão, Bruna; Delgado Pinto Embaló, Bubacar; Manene, Bulelani; Pascal, Butoyi; Capel, Camille; Anu, Campbell; Tchibozo, Carine; Madeira, Carla; Cortés, Carlos; Carniel, Élisabeth; Kifude, Carol; Yanique Tayimetha, Carolle; Arnold, Catherine; Okoi, Catherine; Waruhiu, Cecilia; Godwe, Célestin; Obiekea, Celestina; Nguefeu Nkenfou, Céline; Chabuka, Lucious; Nejjari, Chakib; M. Chambaro, Herman; Chanda, Duncan; Changula, Katendi; Drissi Touzani, Charifa; Kayuki, Charles; Nyagupe, Charles; Ssuuna, Charles; hicham, charoute; Watters, Chaselynn; Chawech, H.; Sokhna, Cheikh; Chenaoui, Mohamed; Nwuba, Chiamaka; Chilufya, C.; Chukwu, Chimaobi; Anyika, Chinyere; J. Chipimo, Peter; Chitanga, Simbarashe; Chitenje, M.; J. Chiwaula, M.; Chouati, Taha; Mansell, Chris; Butel, Christelle; Devaux, Christian; Drosten, Christian; Ranaivoson, Christian; Utpatel, Christian; Malabat, Christophe; Chtourou, A.; C. Chukwu, Grace; Daubenberger, Claudia; G. Kakai, Clement; Masakwe, Clement; Donatien Rafaï, Clotaire; Ambe Chenwi, Collins; M. Misita, Collins; Muli, Collins; H. GeurtsvanKessel, Corine; Maufrais, Corinne; Mbegnan, Coulibaly; Crawford, Mark; M. Tato, Cristina; Yiaba, Cyrus; D'Amore, N.; Damilari, Dabiri; Ibrahim Ramadan, Dalia; Damena, D.; O. Ouso, Daniel; Pisanelli, Daniela; Licastro, Danilo; A. Hammer, D.; F. Nieuwenhuijse, David; Patrick Kateete, David; A. Wilkinson, David; Leger Mouangala, Davy; Hailu Alemayehu, Dawit; Dawood, raghad; De Sanctis, R.; N. A. Mettle, Deborah; Koita, Demba; Kenyi Lodiongo, Dennis; Laryea, Dennis; Nelson Wandera, Dennis; Leta, Dereje; Noureddine, Dersi; Takou, Désiré; Abeje Tefera, Dessalegn; Batra, Dhwani; Dia, Ndongo; A. Diab, Aya; Diagne, Diabou; A. Mabika, Diane; Bamourou, Diané; Samaté, Dianke; Diarra, Bassirou; Raoult, Didier; Mutangana, Dieudonné; Emang Tshiamo. 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Stefanov, Emily; Nasinghe, Emmanuel; Nepolo, Emmanuel; Ogunbayo, Emmanuel; Münger, Emmanuelle; Permal, Emmanuelle; Gaïes, Emna; Ennibi, H.; Ennibi, Khalid; Nikoi Kotey, Erasmus; Smit, Erasmus; Agola Lelo, Eric; Adu, Eric; Delaporte, Éric; Katagirya, Eric; Kezakarayagwa, Eric; M. Muthanje, Eric; Luis Maria Magalhães, Erica; Asiedu, Ernest; Livo, Esemu; Umumararungu, Espérance; Chitechi, Esther; Omuseni, Esther; Mballa Georges Alain, Etoundi; Quansah, Evelyn; Yayra Bonney, Evelyn; Hosny Ezzelarab, Moushira; Cassama, Faatu; Roch Niama, Fabien; Arena, Fabio; Faggioni, Giovanni; Fahsbender, Elizabeth; Sigei, Faith; Abdellah, Faouzi; Farah, Jouali; Farawyla, H.; Hilali, Farida; Chgouri, Fatima; El Falaki, Fatima; Zahra El ansari, Fatima; Ebied, Fatma; Bssaibis, Fatna; Al Onifade, Fattah; Faye, Ousmane; Ahmed Khardine, Fayez; Ahmed Khardine, Fayez; Fedorov, A.V.; Alemu, Fekadu; Jamal, Fekkak; Sun, Fengming; Doudou, Fetouma; Fikry, A.E.; Fillo, Silvia; Bracchitta, Fiorenza; Kaboré, Firmin; Fki‐Berrajah, Lamia; Donati, Flora; Fenollar, Florence; Sahr Samuel Sorie, Foday; Folarino, O.; Folorunsho, Francine; Kabatesi, Francisca; Muyembe-Mawete, Francisco; Malagon, François; Kiemdé, Franklin; Egbe Asiedu-Bekoe, Franklyn; Nkongho, Frédéric; Lemoine, Frederick; , Tei-Maya; Hajenius Aché de Freitas, Renato; Fuh-Neba, Terence; Gaâloul, Imed; Kabamba, Gabriel; Gutema, Gadissa; Gaïes, Emna; Gadzama, Galadima; Mahmoud, Galal; Ouangole, Garba; Gargouri, Saba; F. Garry, Robert; McAuliffe, Gary; Kimita, Gathii; Prince Manouana, Gédéon; Gelanew, Tesfaye; Awinda, George; B. Kyei, George; Michuki, George; Nguema Ondo, Georgelin; van Rooyen, Gerhard; Marais, Gert; Abichu, Getachew; Tesfaye Beyene, Getachew; Tollera, Getachew; Hailu, Getnet; Hamza, Ghamaz; Kayali, Ghazi; El Amin, Ghizlane; Mhlanga, Gibson; Kibet, Gilbert; Hounkanrin, Gildas; Giordani, Francesco; Teka, Gizaw; Masete, Godfrey; Goldstone, Robert; Gomaa, C.; Mokhtar, Gomaa; Lô, Gora; Gosnell, BernadettI; von Gottberg, Anne; Angong Belournou, Grace; Oni, Grace; E. Vincent, Grace; Wani, Gregory; Ali Barreh, Guedi; García, Guillermo; Deng, Guohong; P. Guseva, N.; Paterne Malonga Mbembo, Guy; Stéphane Padzys, Guy; Gwayi, S.; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Naïja, Habiba; Diallo, Haby; Hadad, A.; M. Hafez, Mohammed; Ladhari, Hafsia; Elshora, Hagar; Dadi, Hailu; Mohammed, Hajjaji; Kabbaj, Hakima; Hafez, Hala; Halafawy, A.; Tinto, Halidou; Diop‐Ndiaye, Halimatou; Assane, Hamadi; Hamdani, Tooba; S. 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doi:10.1126/science.abq5358

Public

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

Published in Science • Sep 15, 2022

Authors:

Houriiyah Tegally

James Emmanuel San

Matthew Cotten

Abstract

Investment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences that have been generated and used to track the pandemic on the continent, a number that now exceeds 100,000 genomes. Our results s...

Subject

Pandemic

Preparedness

Biological dispersal

Research Assistant

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