Valorization of beetle infected spruce to produce textile fibers and biofuels: Environmental sustainability evaluated by life cycle assessment

To achieve a viable forest-based biorefinery, both the carbohydrate and lignin parts of the raw material should be valorized. While lignin-first approaches have successfully been applied to hardwoods, where up to 50% of the lignin –close to the ‘theoretical maximum yield’– has been transformed to va... View More