Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2021 Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors Collaborators, GBD; Rautalin, Ilari; Volovici, Victor; Stark, Benjamin; O. Johnson, Catherine; Kaprio, Jaakko; Korja, Miikka; Krishnamurthi, Rita; Nair, Balakrishnan; Ranta, Annemarei; J.E. Rinkel, Gabriël; D. I. Vergouwen, Mervyn; Abate, Yohannes; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelkader, Atef; Abdi, Parsa; Abdollahi, Arash; Abdullahi, Auwal; Olusola Abiodun, Olugbenga; Gyan Aboagye, Richard; Abouzid, Mohamed; Abtahi, Dariush; Abu‐Rumeileh, Samir; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Abualruz, Hasan; J Abukhadijah, Hana; Abu‐Zaid, Ahmed; Hassan Adamu, Lawan; Yeboah Addo, Isaac; Adesoji Adedoyin, Rufus; A. Adegboye, Oyelola; Adra, Saryia; Akua Adzigbli, Leticia; Agyemang‐Duah, Williams; Opoku Ahinkorah, Bright; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Amir; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Haroon; Anees Ahmed, Syed; Aji, Budi; Ahmed Akkaif, Mohammed; A. Al‐Ajlouni, Yazan; Al‐Aly, Ziyad; ALBashtawy, Mohammed; Usman Ali, Mohammed; Mohammad Alif, Sheikh; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Mohamed Aljunid, Syed; A. Alomari, Mahmoud; Alrawashdeh, Ahmad; Alsabri, Mohammed; Al‐Shahi Salman, Rustam; Altaf, Awais; B. Al‐Tammemi, Ala’a; Alvis‐Guzmán, Nelson; Alwafi, Hassan; Al‐Wardat, Mohammad; Mohammed Al‐Worafi, Yaser; Aly, Hany; S. Alyahya, Mohammad; H. Alzoubi, Karem; Amani, Reza; Tawfik Amin, Tarek; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amusa, Ganiyu; Anderlini, Deanna; Angappan, Dhanalakshmi; Anil, Abhishek; Stephen Anuoluwa, Boluwatife; Anwar, Saleha; Edward Anyasodor, Anayochukwu; Louis Carace Apostol, Geminn; Arabloo, Jalal; Areda, Demelash; Ärnlöv, Johan; A Artamonov, Anton; Dwi Artanti, Kurnia; Arumugam, Ashokan; Aryan, Zahra; Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Yesse Ashemo, Mubarek; Ashraf, Tahira; Athar, Mohammad; Shamsadin Athari, Seyyed; Aujayeb, Avinash; Wasiu Awotidebe, Adedapo; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Aziz, Shahkaar; Y. Azzam, Ahmed; R. Babu, Giridhara; Bagheri, Nasser; Bahrami Taqanaki, Pegah; Bahramian, Saeed; Bai, Ruhai; Amin Baig, Atif; Bako, Abdulaziz; Constantin Baltatu, Ovidiu; Bam, Kiran; Banach, Maciej; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Banik, Biswajit; Bardhan, Mainak; Barker‐Collo, Suzanne; Bärnighausen, Till; Jawdat Barqawi, Hiba; Barua, Lingkan; Bastan, Mohammad‐Mahdi; Basu, Sanjay; L Bell, Shelly; M Benseñor, Isabela; Yirga Berhie, Alemshet; Beyene, Kebede; Srikanth Bhagavathula, Akshaya; Bhaskar, Sonu; Nagesh Bhat, Ajay; Bhat, Vivek; Kaur Bhatti, Gurjit; Singh Bhatti, Jasvinder; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Mesfin Birhan, Mekuriaw; Molla Birhanu, Mulugeta; Raghavulu Bitra, Veera; Boloor, Archith; Borhany, Hamed; Breitner, Susanne; Brenner, Hermann; Bugiardini, Raffaele; B. Bulamu, Norma; A Butt, Zahid; Scotta Cabral, Lucas; Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Florentino; Călina, Daniela; Alberto Cámera, Luis; Aparecida Campos, Luciana; Campos‐Nonato, Ismael; Capodici, Angelo; Carvalho, Félix; A Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; L. Catapano, Alberico; Cegolon, Luca; Chadwick, Joshua; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Ananyo Chakraborty, Promit; Chakraborty, Sandip; Mohan Chandika, Rama; Sisay Chanie, Gashaw; Kumar Chattu, Vijay; Ahmad Chaudhary, Anis; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; R Ching, Patrick; Chopra, Hitesh; G Choudhari, Sonali; Chowdhury, E.; Chu, Dinh‐Toi; Chung, Sheng‐Chia; Columbus, Alyssa; H Criqui, Michael; Gomes da Silva, Alanna; Amin Dabbagh Ohadi, Mohammad; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dalal, Koustuv; L. Dalli, Lachlan; D’Amico, Emanuele; Dashti, Mohsen; Davletov, Kairat; De la Cruz‐Góngora, Vanessa; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Delgado‐Enciso, Iván; Dervišević, Emina; Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Vinoth; Masudur Rahman Dewan, Syed; S. Dhane, Amol; Dibas, Mahmoud; Chi, Thanh; Huynh Phuong, Thao; Dohare, Sushil; Fahmy Doheim, Mohamed; Докова, Клара; Dongarwar, Deepa; D’Oria, Mario; Prakashbhai Doshi, Ojas; Doshi, Rajkumar; Kokou Dowou, Robert; Larson Dsouza, Haneil; Dutta, Siddhartha; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz; Rahman E’mar, Abdel; Edvardsson, David; Efendi, Defi; Efendi, Ferry; El Nahas, Nevine; Y. Elgendy, Islam; Elhadi, Muhammed; Eltaha, Chadi; Elmagzoub Eltahir, Mohd.; I. Emeto, Theophilus; Fabin, Natalia; Francis Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi; Fahim, Ayesha; Fakhradiyev, Ildar; Fares, Jawad; Faris, Pawan; Klau Fauk, Nelsensius; Fazylov, Timur; Fekadu, Ginenus; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Fischer, Florian; Foschi, Matteo; Kadek Yuni Fridayani, Ni; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; A. Gajjar, Avi; P. Gandhi, Aravind; Ganesan, Balasankar; Kumar Garg, Ravindra; Welay Gebregergis, Miglas; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebru Gebremeskel, Teferi; Getie, Molla; J. 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Harlianto, Netanja; María Haro, Josep; Hasan, Faizul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Saquib Hasnain, Md; Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol; Haubold, Johannes; Havmoeller, Rasmus; I Hay, Simon; Hbid, Youssef; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Hemmati, Mehdi; Hiraike, Yuta; Quoc Hoan, Nguyen; Holla, Ramesh; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Huang, Junjie; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing‐Fang; Emmanuel Ibitoye, Segun; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikiroma, Adalia; Ilaghi, Mehran; Stephen Ilesanmi, Olayinka; Ilić, Irena; Ilić, Milena; Rabiul Islam, Md.; Elkudssiah Ismail, Nahlah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jain, Akhil; Abdulrahman Jairoun, Ammar; Jakovljević, Mihajlo; Ibrahim Jatau, Abubakar; Jawaid, Talha; Kumar Jayapal, Sathish; B Jonas, Jost; Joseph, Nitin; Jürisson, Mikk; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kalani, Rizwan; Kumar Kamal, Vineet; Kamireddy, Arun; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Karami, Jafar; M. Karaye, Ibraheem; Karimi, Yeganeh; Karimi Behnagh, Arman; Kashoo, Faizan; A Kayode, Gbenga; Kazemi, Foad; Kesse‐Guyot, Emmanuelle; Khader, Yousef; Kynn Khaing, Inn; Ahmad Khan, Fayaz; Jobair Khan, Mohammad; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah; Reza Khayat Kashani, Hamid; Kheirallah, Khalid; Fatima Khidri, Feriha; Khormali, Moein; Aman Khosla, Atulya; Kim, Kwanghyun; Jin Kim, Yun; Kısa, Adnan; Kısa, Sezer; Kivimäki, Mika; Kolahi, Ali‐Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Korzh, Oleksii; Kostev, Karel; Kothari, Nikhil; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; K. Kunutsor, Setor; Dyah Kurniasari, Maria; Kusuma, Dian; Kytö, Ville; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Teck Ching Lai, Daphne; Lai, Hanpeng; Laksono, Tri; Lallukka, Tea; Latief, Kamaluddin; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Huu Hanh Le, Nhi; T. Le, Thao; Lee, Munjae; Won Lee, Seung; Lee, Wei‐Chen; Han Lee, Yo; Lenzi, Jacopo; Leonardi, Matilde; Li, Ming‐Chieh; Li, Xiaopan; S Lim, Stephen; Lin, Jialing; Liu, Xuefeng; Lohner, Valerie; Lorenzovici, László; A. Lotufo, Paulo; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; B. Lusk, Jay; Lutzky Saute, Ricardo; Ibrahim M. Amin, Hawraz; K. Malhotra, Armaan; Malhotra, Kashish; Azam Malik, Ahmad; Carvalho Malta, Déborah; Alì Mansournia, Mohammad; Mantovani, LG; Kwaku Manu, Emmanuel; Reza Marateb, Hamid; Marino, Mirko; Farzad Maroufi, Seyed; Martínez, Ramón; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Rillera Marzo, Roy; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathews, Elezebeth; Maugeri, Andrea; McPhail, Steven; Mehmood, Asim; Mohan Mehndiratta, Man; Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran; G. Menezes, Ritesh; Ayoub Meo, Sultan; Meretoja, Atte; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda, Chamila; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana; Minervini, Giuseppe; Huu Nhat Minh, Le; Mirică, Andreea; М Мirrakhimov, Erkin; Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari, Mohammad; Kumar Mishra, Ajay; Mithra, Prasanna; Z. Mohamed, Abdalla; Ismail Mohamed, Ahmed; Mosa Mohammad, Ameen; Mohammadi, Soheil; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; H. Mokdad, Ali; Molinaro, Sabrina; Momani, Shaher; Ali Moni, Mohammad; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lídia; Msherghi, Ahmed; Munjal, Kavita; J L Murray, Christopher; Jayaraman Nagarajan, Ahamarshan; R. Naik, Ganesh; Najdaghi, Soroush; Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin; Nargus, Shumaila; Narimani Davani, Delaram; S. Natto, Zuhair; Nauman, Javaid; DELETE-ME, Nawsherwan; C Nayak, Vinod; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare; Irina Negoi, Ruxandra; Nematollahi, Soroush; R. Newton, Charles; Thi Hien Nguyen, Hau; Thi Hien Nguyen, Hau; Tuan Nguyen, Phat; Tuan Nguyen, Phat; Thành Nguyễn, Văn; Khan Niazi, Robina; T. Nigatu, Yeshambel; Nikoobar, Ali; Tolentino Nogueira de Sá, Antonio; Nomura, Shuhei; Jacques Noubiap, Jean; Nugen, Fred; Igwegbe Nzoputam, Chimezie; Oancea, Bogdan; Safo Oduro, Michael; R Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope; Okati‐Aliabad, Hassan; Reuben Okeke, Sylvester; Paul Okekunle, Akinkunmi; T Olagunju, Andrew; T. Olaiya, Muideen; Maria Moraes de Oliveira, Gláucia; Maria Moraes de Oliveira, Gláucia; Abayomi Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem; Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Isaac; Ornello, Raffaele; Ortiz‐Prado, Esteban; Levi Osuagwu, Uchechukwu; Ouyahia, Amel; Owolabi, Mayowa; Padukudru P A, Mahesh; Padukudru P A, Mahesh; Padrón‐Monedero, Alicia; Rao Padubidri, Jagadish; B. Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; D Panos, Leonidas; D Panos, Leonidas; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; R. 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doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1522

Public

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published in JAMA Neurology • May 23, 2025

Authors:

GBD 2021 Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors Collaborators

Ilari Rautalin

Victor Volovici

Abstract

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure. Object...

Subject

Medicine

Epidemiology

Burden of disease

Research Assistant

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