Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Smoked-Dried Fish Sold in Eke-Awka Market, Anambra State, Nigeria

R. Onoja, Clement; O. Ogbaji, Henderson; O. Edodi, Iyam; C. Mmuta, Ebelechukwu; C. Igwegbe, Kelvin; R. Ogini, Omarite; E. Odibo, Ukachi; A. Ewuola, Akinola; A. Mahmoud, Azza; U. Okpoji, Awajiiroijana

doi:10.69739/jsrd.v1i2.1044

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Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Smoked-Dried Fish Sold in Eke-Awka Market, Anambra State, Nigeria

Shared by NobleBlocks on Sep 29, 2025 • 12:00 AM UTC

Authors:

Clement R. Onoja

Henderson O. Ogbaji

Iyam O. Edodi

Abstract

This study investigated the concentrations of selected heavy metals—zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As)—in four smoked-dried fish species widely consumed in southeastern Nigeria: catfish (Clarias gariepinus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), bonga fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata)...

Subject

Hazard quotient

Cadmium

Clarias gariepinus

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