Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Teramoto, Masayuki; Yiru Xu, Yvonne; D Steinmetz, Jaimie; Amin Aalipour, Mohammad; Aalruz, Hasan; Morad Abdulah, Deldar; Gyan Aboagye, Richard; Abtahi, Dariush; Abu Rumeileh, Samir; Aburuz, Salahdein; Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Qorinah; Adonteng-Kissi, Obed; Affinito, Giuseppina; Ahmad, Danish; Sadat Ahmadi, Negar; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Asma; Ahmed, Shahzaib; Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Mohammad; Alabbad, Sawsan; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan; Albashtawy, Mohammed; Naji Alhalaiqa, Fadwa; Alhumaidi, Ashraf; Usman Ali, Mohammed; Shujait Ali, Syed; Al-Iede, Montaha; Uy Almazan, Joseph; Z Alshahrani, Najim; Altaf, Awais; Al-Wardat, Mohammad; Mohammed Al-Worafi, Yaser; H Alzoubi, Karem; Amiri, Sohrab; Adeniyi Amusa, Ganiyu; B Anderson, David; Anil, Abhishek; Arabloo, Jalal; Y Aravkin, Aleksandr; Areda, Demelash; Asadi Anar, Mahsa; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashina, Sait; Aurangzeb, Khursheed; Azadnia, Arian; Y Azzam, Ahmed; Bae, Youngoh; Bahreini, Razieh; Bandyopadhyay, Soham; Jawdat Barqawi, Hiba; Bashiri, Azadeh; Basri, Rehana; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Behjati, Jina; Bemanalizadeh, Maryam; Bhandari, Jeetendra; Bhaskar, Sonu; Kaur Bhatti, Gurjit; Singh Bhatti, Jasvinder; Bhatti, Rajbir; Biswas, Bijit; Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno; Boloor, Archith; Boukhiam, Meriem; Bustanji, Yasser; C J, Sanjay; Alberto Cámera, Luis; Caronna, Edoardo; Paula Carvalho-e-Silva, Ana; Chakraborty, Sandip; Kumar Chattu, Vijay; Ahmad Chaudhary, Anis; R Ching, Patrick; Chu, Hongyuan; Comachio, Josielli; Contreras, Daniela; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; D'Amico, Emanuele; Kim Dang, Anh; D'Anna, Lucio; Deekonda, Sindhura; Delbari, Pouria; K Demetriades, Andreas; Derviševic, Emina; Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Vinoth; S Dhane, Amol; Dhungel, Bibha; Ding, Xueting; Phuc Do, Huyen; Prakashbhai Doshi, Ojas; Dutta, Siddhartha; Labieb Mahmoud Ebraheim, Lamiaa; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Faro, Andre; L Feigin, Valery; Fekadu, Gelana; Fekadu, Ginenus; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; H Feroze, Abdullah; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferreira, Nuno; Fiorilla, Claudio; Fischer, Florian; Fornari, Arianna; Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia; Foschi, Matteo; Gamil Gad, Abdelrahman; Gajdács, Márió; Garcia-Azorin, David; Gatzioufas, Zisis; K Gautam, Rupesh; Welay Gebregergis, Miglas; V Gnedovskaya, Elena; Gobbo, Massimiliano; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; C Goulart, Alessandra; Gupta, Ishita; Gupta, Sapna; Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, Roberth; R Hadi, Najah; Haghdoost, Faraidoon; Hagins, Hailey; Hamed, Mohamed; Funmilayo Hanson, Victoria; Hassan, Amr; I Hay, Simon; Hayat, Khezar; J Hebert, Jeffrey; Heidari, Golnaz; Helfer, Bartosz; Hoseinzadeh, Mehdi; Jubayer Hossain, Md; Huang, Yongsong; Francesco Iannone, Luigi; Emmanuel Ibitoye, Segun; Stephen Ilesanmi, Olayinka; M Ilic, Irena; Fawwazy Ilyas, Muhana; Ilyasu, Salim; Rabiul Islam, Md; Sahidul Islam, Md; Elkudssiah Ismail, Nahlah; Jacob, Louis; Jahrami, Haitham; Abdulrahman Jairoun, Ammar; Jamali, Navid; Dilipkumar Janodia, Manthan; Duminda Jayasinghe, Ruwan; Jin, Shuai; B Jonas, Jost; Joseph, Nitin; Ehimwenma Joshua, Charity; Kamenova, Saltanat; Kamireddy, Arun; S Kantar, Rami; Kumar Kar, Sujita; Isaqali Karobari, Mohmed; Khajuria, Himanshu; Uttamaro Khasbage, Sameer; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Jin Kim, Yun; Kohandel Gargari, Omid; Kompani, Farzad; Kondybayeva, Aida; Krishan, Kewal; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, Chandan; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Vijay; Kytö, Ville; Ledda, Caterina; Won Lee, Seung; Lenzi, Jacopo; Li, Jianan; Li, Linyan; Lian, Yanxue; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; B Lusk, Jay; Lutzky Saute, Ricardo; Mahalingam, Sasikumar; Maiti, Rituparna; Azam Malik, Ahmad; Malkamu, Birhanemaskal; Mansouri, Vahid; Margetis, Konstantinos; Rillera Marzo, Roy; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mavrovounis, Georgios; Negash Meles, Hadush; Meretoja, Atte; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mettananda, Sachith; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Minervini, Giuseppe; Mishra, Archana; Kumar Misra, Arup; Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Khabab; Mohammed, Omer; Mohammed, Shafiu; H Mokdad, Ali; Momani, Shaher; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Morovvati, Mahdis; Mosaddeghi Heris, Reza; Munjal, Kavita; Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham; Murillo-Zamora, Efren; J L Murray, Christopher; Mustafa, Ghulam; Naddafi, Fatemehzahra; S Natto, Zuhair; Nepal, Gaurav; Richard James Newton, Charles; Duy Nguyen, Cao; Tat Nguyen, Cuong; Thu Nguyen, Hien; Nguyen, Long; Khan Niazi, Robina; Nieddu, Luciano; Nugen, Fred; N Nwakama, Chijindu; Janet Nzoputam, Ogochukwu; Oancea, Bogdan; Safo Oduro, Michael; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; T Olagunju, Andrew; Belitardo Oliveira, Arão; Ouyang, Jia; Overton, Mark; O Owolabi, Mayowa; P A, Mahesh; Palena, Giuseppina; D Panos, Leonidas; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Pardhan, Shahina; R Parikh, Romil; Parmar, Arpit; Pasovic, Maja; Patil, Shankargouda; Patra, Apurba; Pedersini, Paolo; F P Peres, Mario; Perna, Simone; Perveen, Wajida; Quang Pham, Hai; Prakash, Sanjay; Prashant, Akila; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; R Radojcic, Maja; Raggi, Alberto; Meshbahur Rahman, Mohammad; Masoud Rahmani, Amir; Mohammed Ramadan, Mahmoud; Rathish, Devarajan; Rawaf, Salman; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Gregory Rhee, Taeho; Syahru Romadlon, Debby; Romoli, Michele; Romozzi, Marina; Saeed, Umar; Saghazadeh, Amene; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; A Saleh, Mohamed; Salimi, Sohrab; M Samy, Abdallah; H C C Santos, Lucas; Saravanan, Aswini; Sarma, Hemen; Can Senol, Yigit; Sethi, Yashendra; Khaled Fouad Sayed Shaalan, Yara; Shahid, Wajeehah; Shamsi, Anas; Shan, Dan; Sharifan, Amin; Raghuveer Shenoy, Rekha; K Shetty, Premalatha; Shokati Eshkiki, Zahra; Shrestha, Sunil; Singh, Harmanjit; A Singh, Jasvinder; Singh, Satwinder; Yurievich Skryabin, Valentin; Sobia, Farrukh; J D Sorensen, Reed; Straube, Sebastian; Kumar Swain, Chandan; Sudha T Y, Sree; Tabaee Damavandi, Payam; Tabche, Celine; Tanveer, Mohsan; Tareke, Minale; Baptista Tavares, Claudia; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Teramoto, Masayuki; James Thirunavukarasu, Arun; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Huu Tran, Thang; Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen; Tseriotis, Vasilis-Spyridon; Kumar Tumkur Narayanappa, Santhosh; John Udoakang, Aniefiok; Ullah, Himayat; Sammani Usman, Jibrin; Usman Sambo, Abdulkadir; Van den Eynde, Jef; Juhani Vasankari, Tommi; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Hugo Villafañe, Jorge; Wander, Arvinder; Wang, Wei; Wang, Xingxin; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wiangkham, Taweewat; Wieckiewicz, Mieszko; Xu, Wanqing; Yahoo (Syed), Saba; Engida Yismaw, Yazachew; Keon Yon, Dong; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yousuf, Abdilahi; Zanghì, Aurora; Zastrozhin, Michael; Lin Zhang, Anthony; Zhao, Zhongyi; Zielinska, Magdalena; Liane Ong, Kanyin; J Steiner, Timothy; Vos, Theo

doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(25)00402-8

Public

Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Published in The Lancet Neurology • Nov 13, 2025

Authors:

Masayuki Teramoto

Yvonne Yiru Xu

Jaimie D Steinmetz

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 estimates health loss from migraine, tension-type headache, and medication-overuse headache. This study presents updated results on headache-attributed burden from 1990 to 2023, along with clinical and public heal...

Subject

Medicine

Burden of disease

Environmental health

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