Jambi University

Pademi Covid-19 has disturbed the learning process in a face-to-face manner. Therefore online learning solutions need to be sought as an answer to these problems. The aim of the study was to obtain an overview of the implementation of online learning in the Biology Education Study Program of the Teaching and Education Faculty (FKIP) of Jambi University as an effort to suppress the spread of covid-19 in the campus environment. Research subjects were students of Biology Education Study Program. Data collected by telephone interview. Data analysis was performed using the interactive analysis technique of Miles & Huberman. The results showed that: (1) students already have the basic facilities needed to take part in online learning; (2) online learning has flexibility in its implementation and is able to encourage the emergence of learning independence and motivation to be more active in learning; and (3) distance learning encourages the emergence of social distancing behavior and minimizes the emergence of student crowds so that it is deemed able to reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19 in the campus environment. Abstrak. Pademi covid-19 telah mengganggu proses pembelajaran secara konvensional. Maka diperlukan solusi untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Pembelajaran secara daring adalah salah satu alternatif yang dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Jambi sebagai upaya menekan penyebaran covid-19 di Perguruan Tinggi. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Biologi. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara melalui zoom cloud meeting. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) mahasiswa telah memiliki fasilitas-fasilitas dasar yang dibutuhkan untuk mengikuti pembelajaran daring; (2) pembelajaran daring memiliki fleksibilitas dalam pelaksanaannya dan mampu mendorong munculnya kemandirian belajar dan motivasi untuk lebih aktif dalam belajar; dan (3) pembelajaran jarak jauh mendorong munculnya perilaku social distancing dan meminimalisir munculnya keramaian mahasiswa sehingga dianggap dapat mengurangi potensi penyebaran Covid-19 di lingkungan kampus. Lemahnya pengawasan terhadap mahasiswa, kurang kuatnya sinyal di daerah pelosok, dan mahalnya biaya kuota adalah tantangan tersendiri dalam pembelajaran daring.

Abstract. Conversion of tropical peatlands to agriculture leads to a release of carbon from previously stable, long-term storage, resulting in land subsidence that can be a surrogate measure of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. We present an analysis of recent large-scale subsidence monitoring studies in Acacia and oil palm plantations on peatland in SE Asia, and compare the findings with previous studies. Subsidence in the first 5 yr after drainage was found to be 142 cm, of which 75 cm occurred in the first year. After 5 yr, the subsidence rate in both plantation types, at average water table depths of 0.7 m, remained constant at around 5 cm yr−1. The results confirm that primary consolidation contributed substantially to total subsidence only in the first year after drainage, that secondary consolidation was negligible, and that the amount of compaction was also much reduced within 5 yr. Over 5 yr after drainage, 75 % of cumulative subsidence was caused by peat oxidation, and after 18 yr this was 92 %. The average rate of carbon loss over the first 5 yr was 178 t CO2eq ha−1 yr−1, which reduced to 73 t CO2eq ha−1 yr−1 over subsequent years, potentially resulting in an average loss of 100 t CO2eq ha−1 yr−1 over 25 yr. Part of the observed range in subsidence and carbon loss values is explained by differences in water table depth, but vegetation cover and other factors such as addition of fertilizers also influence peat oxidation. A relationship with groundwater table depth shows that subsidence and carbon loss are still considerable even at the highest water levels theoretically possible in plantations. This implies that improved plantation water management will reduce these impacts by 20 % at most, relative to current conditions, and that high rates of carbon loss and land subsidence are inevitable consequences of conversion of forested tropical peatlands to other land uses.

Metaverse, which combines a number of information technologies, is the Internet of the future. A media for immersive learning, metaverse could set future educational trends and lead to significant reform in education. Although the metaverse has the potential to improve the effectiveness of online learning experiences, metaverse-based educational implementations are still in their infancy. Additionally, what factors impact higher education students' adoption of the educational metaverse remains unclear. Consequently, the aim of this study is to explore the main factors that affect higher education students' behavioral intentions to adopt metaverse technology for education. This study has proposed an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to achieve this aim. The novelty of this study resides in its conceptual model, which incorporates both technological, personal, and inhibiting/enabling factors. The empirical data were collected via online questionnaires from 574 students in both private and public universities in Jordan. Based on the PLS-SEM analysis, the study identifies perceived usefulness, personal innovativeness in IT, and perceived enjoyment as key enablers of students' behavioral intentions to adopt the metaverse. Additionally, perceived cyber risk is found as the main inhibitor of students' metaverse adoption intentions. Surprisingly, the effect of perceived ease of use on metaverse adoption intentions is found to be insignificant. Furthermore, it is found that self-efficacy, personal innovativeness, and perceived cyber risk are the main determinants of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. While the findings of this study contribute to the extension of the TAM model, the practical value of these findings is significant since they will help educational authorities understand each factor's role and enable them to plan their future strategies.

<p class="ABSTRAK">Sejalan dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, kini pendekatan pembelajaran telah berubah ke arah pembelajaran abad pengetahuan. Orang dapat belajar di mana saja, kapan saja, dengan siapa saja. Itulah ciri pembelajaran abad pengetahuan yang dikenal sebagai berbasis komputer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran daring atau Online Learning Model (OLM), sekaligus menerapkannya untuk meningkatkan keefektifan perkuliahan Bahasa Indonesia di Perguruan Tinggi. Pengembangan OLM menggunakan teknik Online Interactive Learning Model (OILM) dengan memanfaatkan media sosial berbasis internet serta telepon seluler atau ponsel sebagai sarananya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program S-1 peserta mata kuliah wajib umum Bahasa Indonesia di tiga fakultas, yaitu Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP), Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi (FST), dan Fakultas Kedokteran (FK). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan campuran atau mix methods. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner, angket, dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) OILM efektif digunakan dalam perkuliahan Bahasa Indonesia di program S-1; (2) model pembelajaran telah mampu meningkatkan penyerapan mahasiswa terhadap materi kuliah, dengan peningkatan mencapai lebih dari 81% dibandingkan dengan hanya menggunakan model pembelajaran tatap-muka; (3) berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, subjek berpendapat bahwa OLM telah memberikan sebuah pengalaman baru yang lebih menantang daripada model pembelajaran konvensional atau tatap-muka. <p class="ABSTRAK">In line with advances in information and communication technology, learning approaches have now shifted toward the learning of the century of knowledge. People can learn anywhere, anytime, with anyone. That is the hallmark of learning the century of knowledge known as computer-based. This study aims to develop online learning model (OLM), as well as apply it to improve the effectiveness of Indonesian language courses in Higher Education. OLM development uses the technique of Online Interactive Learning Model (OILM) by utilizing internet-based social media as well as mobile phone or mobile phone as its ingredients. The subjects of this research are the students of the S-1 program of the compulsory subjects of Bahasa Indonesia in three faculties, namely Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), and Faculty of Medicine (FK). This research uses the mixed approach or mix methods. Data were collected using questionnaires, questionnaires, and tests. The results of this study show: (1) OILM is effectively used in Indonesian language courses in S-1 programs; (2) the learning model has been able to increase the students' absorption of the lecture material, with an increase of more than 81% compared to using only face-to-face learning model; (3) based on the results of the questionnaire, the subject argues that OLM has provided a more challenging new experience than the conventional or face-to-face learning model.

RATIONALE: Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease is increasing, but predisposing features have been elusive. OBJECTIVES: To prospectively determine the morphotype, immunophenotype, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotype in a large cohort with PNTM. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 63 patients with PNTM infection, each of whom had computerized tomography, echocardiogram, pulmonary function, and flow cytometry of peripheral blood. In vitro cytokine production in response to mitogen, LPS, and cytokines was performed. Anthropometric measurements were compared with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) age- and ethnicity-matched female control subjects extracted from the NHANES 2001-2002 dataset. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were 59.9 (+/-9.8 yr [SD]) old, and 5.4 (+/-7.9 yr) from diagnosis to enrollment. Patients were 95% female, 91% white, and 68% lifetime nonsmokers. A total of 46 were infected with Mycobacterium avium complex, M. xenopi, or M. kansasii; 17 were infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria. Female patients were significantly taller (164.7 vs. 161.0 cm; P < 0.001) and thinner (body mass index, 21.1 vs. 28.2; P < 0.001) than matched NHANES control subjects, and thinner (body mass index, 21.1 vs. 26.8; P = 0.002) than patients with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. A total of 51% of patients had scoliosis, 11% pectus excavatum, and 9% mitral valve prolapse, all significantly more than reference populations. Stimulated cytokine production was similar to that of healthy control subjects, including the IFN-gamma/IL-12 pathway. CD4(+), CD8(+), B, and natural killer cell numbers were normal. A total of 36% of patients had mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PNTM infection are taller and leaner than control subjects, with high rates of scoliosis, pectus excavatum, mitral valve prolapse, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations, but without recognized immune defects.

Accurately modeling biomolecular interactions is a central challenge in modern biology. While recent advances, such as AlphaFold3 and Boltz-1, have substantially improved our ability to predict biomolecular complex structures, these models still fall short in predicting binding affinity, a critical property underlying molecular function and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we present Boltz-2, a new structural biology foundation model that exhibits strong performance for both structure and affinity prediction. Boltz-2 introduces controllability features including experimental method conditioning, distance constraints, and multi-chain template integration for structure prediction, and is, to our knowledge, the first AI model to approach the performance of free-energy perturbation (FEP) methods in estimating small molecule-protein binding affinity. Crucially, it achieves strong correlation with experimental readouts on many benchmarks, while being at least 1000× more computationally efficient than FEP. By coupling Boltz-2 with a generative model for small molecules, we demonstrate an effective workflow to find diverse, synthesizable, high-affinity binders, as estimated by absolute FEP simulations on the TYK2 target. To foster broad adoption and further innovation at the intersection of machine learning and biology, we are releasing Boltz-2 weights, inference, and training code under a permissive open license, providing a robust and extensible foundation for both academic and industrial research.

BACKGROUND: The Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) conference was convened to address standards for improving the quality of reporting of meta-analyses of clinical randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: The QUOROM group consisted of 30 clinical epidemiologists, clinicians, statisticians, editors, and researchers. In conference, the group was asked to identify items they thought should be included in a checklist of standards. Whenever possible, checklist items were guided by research evidence suggesting that failure to adhere to the item proposed could lead to biased results. A modified Delphi technique was used in assessing candidate items. FINDINGS: The conference resulted in the QUOROM statement, a checklist, and a flow diagram. The checklist describes our preferred way to present the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of a report of a meta-analysis. It is organised into 21 headings and subheadings regarding searches, selection, validity assessment, data abstraction, study characteristics, and quantitative data synthesis, and in the results with 'trial flow', study characteristics, and quantitative data synthesis; research documentation was identified for eight of the 18 items. The flow diagram provides information about both the numbers of RCTs identified, included, and excluded and the reasons for exclusion of trials. INTERPRETATION: We hope this report will generate further thought about ways to improve the quality of reports of meta-analyses of RCTs and that interested readers, reviewers, researchers, and editors will use the QUOROM statement and generate ideas for its improvement.

Understanding biomolecular interactions is fundamental to advancing fields like drug discovery and protein design. In this paper, we introduce Boltz-1, an open-source deep learning model incorporating innovations in model architecture, speed optimization, and data processing achieving Alphafold3-level accuracy in predicting the 3D structures of biomolecular complexes. Boltz-1 demonstrates a performance on-par with state-of-the-art commercial models on a range of diverse benchmarks, setting a new benchmark for commercially accessible tools in structural biology. Further, we push the boundary of capabilities of these models with Boltz-steering, a new inference time steering technique that is able to fix hallucinations and non-physical predictions from the models. By releasing the training and inference code, model weights, datasets, and benchmarks under the MIT open license, we aim to foster global collaboration, accelerate discoveries, and provide a robust platform for advancing biomolecular modeling.

Tropical lowland rainforests are increasingly threatened by the expansion of agriculture and the extraction of natural resources. In Jambi Province, Indonesia, the interdisciplinary EFForTS project focuses on the ecological and socio-economic dimensions of rainforest conversion to jungle rubber agroforests and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Our data confirm that rainforest transformation and land use intensification lead to substantial losses in biodiversity and related ecosystem functions, such as decreased above- and below-ground carbon stocks. Owing to rapid step-wise transformation from forests to agroforests to monoculture plantations and renewal of each plantation type every few decades, the converted land use systems are continuously dynamic, thus hampering the adaptation of animal and plant communities. On the other hand, agricultural rainforest transformation systems provide increased income and access to education, especially for migrant smallholders. Jungle rubber and rubber monocultures are associated with higher financial land productivity but lower financial labour productivity compared to oil palm, which influences crop choice: smallholders that are labour-scarce would prefer oil palm while land-scarce smallholders would prefer rubber. Collecting long-term data in an interdisciplinary context enables us to provide decision-makers and stakeholders with scientific insights to facilitate the reconciliation between economic interests and ecological sustainability in tropical agricultural landscapes.

This study was to explore factors predicting the use of e-learning during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) among sport science education students In Indonesia Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The study was conducted through survey with 974 participating students from five Indonesian HEIs. An extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with facilitating condition as the external factor was implemented to be the theoretical framework of this study. An analysis method through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to measure and assess the proposed model. The findings informed that: (1) the TAM-based proposed scale has been successfully explained factors predicting the use of e-learning among Indonesian sport science students during the pandemic; (2) the finding of significant relationships between facilitating condition and perceived ease of use and between facilitating condition and perceived usefulness was reported; and (3) the significant relationships among core components of TAM were found except for one, relationship between perceived usefulness and attitude.

Indonesia lost more tropical forest than all of Brazil in 2012, mainly driven by the rubber, oil palm, and timber industries. Nonetheless, the effects of converting forest to oil palm and rubber plantations on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks remain unclear. We analyzed SOC losses after lowland rainforest conversion to oil palm, intensive rubber, and extensive rubber plantations in Jambi Province on Sumatra Island. The focus was on two processes: (1) erosion and (2) decomposition of soil organic matter. Carbon contents in the Ah horizon under oil palm and rubber plantations were strongly reduced up to 70% and 62%, respectively. The decrease was lower under extensive rubber plantations (41%). On average, converting forest to plantations led to a loss of 10 Mg C ha(-1) after about 15 years of conversion. The C content in the subsoil was similar under the forest and the plantations. We therefore assumed that a shift to higher δ(13) C values in plantation subsoil corresponds to the losses from the upper soil layer by erosion. Erosion was estimated by comparing the δ(13) C profiles in the soils under forest and under plantations. The estimated erosion was the strongest in oil palm (35 ± 8 cm) and rubber (33 ± 10 cm) plantations. The (13) C enrichment of SOC used as a proxy of its turnover indicates a decrease of SOC decomposition rate in the Ah horizon under oil palm plantations after forest conversion. Nonetheless, based on the lack of C input from litter, we expect further losses of SOC in oil palm plantations, which are a less sustainable land use compared to rubber plantations. We conclude that δ(13) C depth profiles may be a powerful tool to disentangle soil erosion and SOC mineralization after the conversion of natural ecosystems conversion to intensive plantations when soils show gradual increase of δ(13) C values with depth.

Pendahuluan: Secara umum metode penelitian didefinisikan sebagai suatu kegiatan ilmiah yang terencana, terstruktur, sistematis, dan memiliki tujuan tertentu baik praktis maupun teoritis. Dikatakan terstruktur karena kegiatan ini berlangsung mengikuti suatu proses dan tahapan-tahapan tertentu. Salah satu tahapannya adalah tahapan dalam pengumpulan data. Data merupakan hal yang sangat krusial dalam penelitian, sehingga dalam perjalanannya, data yang dikumpulkan harus memenuhi syarat pada pemeriksaan keabsahan data, termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review, yaitu literatur dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, artikel ilmiah yang saling terkait. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pemeriksaan terhadap keabsahan data merupakan sebagai unsur yang tidak terpisahkan dari tubuh pengetahuan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data dalam penelitian kualitatif meliputi uji kredibilitas (perpanjangan pengamatan, meningkatkan ketekunan, triangulasi, analisis kasus negatif, menggunakan bahan referensi, atau mengadakan membercheck), transferabilitas, dependabilitas, maupun konfirmabilitas. Kesimpulan: Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang dapat dilakukan pada penelitian kualitatif yaitu dengan melakukan uji kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, maupun konfirmabilitas. Kata kunci: kredibilitas, transferabilitas, triangulasi, dependabilitas, konfirmabilitas Data Validity Check Techniques in Qualitative Research in Public Health Introduction: In general, the research method is defined as a scientific activity that is planned, structured, systematic, and has specific objectives both practical and theoretical, both in quantitative and qualitative research. It is said to be structured because this activity takes place following a certain process and stages. One of the stages is the stage in data collection. Data is very crucial in the research, so that in its journey, the data collected must meet the requirements on the validity of the data. This study aims to explain the theory about the data validity check techniques in qualitative research in public health. Method: The method used is literature review, which is literature collected from various sources such as books, journals, scientific articles that are interrelated. Result: Data Validity Check Techniques is an inseparable element of the body of qualitative research knowledge in the field of public health. Data validity checking techniques in this qualitative study include credibility tests (extended observations, increasing perseverance, triangulation, negative case analysis, using reference material, or holding a member check), transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Conclusion: Data validity checking techniques that can be carried out in qualitative research in the field of public health are by conducting tests of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Keywords: credibility, transferability, triangulation, dependability, confirmability

Berhasil atau tidaknya suatu penelitian ilmiah pendidikan tidak lepas dari teknik pengumpulan data dan instumen penelitian yang digunakan. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk membahas tentang teknik pengumpulan data dan instrumen penelitian ilmiah pendidikan pada pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Makalah ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, dimana penulis mengumpulkan referensi berupa buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan dengan tema dalam makalah ini. Hasil makalah ini dapat diuraikan bahwa dalam penelitian kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data yang umum digunakan antara lain wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, wawancara melibatkan interaksi langsung antara peneliti dan responden untuk mendapatkan data berupa pandangan, pengalaman, dan persepsi mereka, observasi melibatkan pengamatan langsung terhadap subjek penelitian, studi dokumentasi melibatkan pengumpulan data dari dokumen, arsip, atau bahan tertulis lainnya. Sementara itu, dalam penelitian kuantitatif, teknik pengumpulan data yang umum digunakan adalah angket atau kuesioner, observasi terstruktur, eksperimen, angket atau kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data melalui pertanyaan yang telah disusun sebelumnya, observasi terstruktur melibatkan pengamatan yang telah dirancang sebelumnya dengan variabel-variabel yang telah ditentukan, eksperimen melibatkan manipulasi variabel-variabel tertentu untuk melihat dampaknya terhadap variabel lainnya. Instrumen penelitian dalam penelitian kualitatif meliputi panduan wawancara, daftar periksa observasi, pedoman dokumentasi, sedangkan dalam penelitian kuantitatif, instrumen penelitian meliputi angket atau kuesioner, daftar periksa observasi terstruktur, instrumen pengukuran dalam eksperimen.

Smallholder-dominated agricultural mosaic landscapes are highlighted as model production systems that deliver both economic and ecological goods in tropical agricultural landscapes, but trade-offs underlying current land-use dynamics are poorly known. Here, using the most comprehensive quantification of land-use change and associated bundles of ecosystem functions, services and economic benefits to date, we show that Indonesian smallholders predominantly choose farm portfolios with high economic productivity but low ecological value. The more profitable oil palm and rubber monocultures replace forests and agroforests critical for maintaining above- and below-ground ecological functions and the diversity of most taxa. Between the monocultures, the higher economic performance of oil palm over rubber comes with the reliance on fertilizer inputs and with increased nutrient leaching losses. Strategies to achieve an ecological-economic balance and a sustainable management of tropical smallholder landscapes must be prioritized to avoid further environmental degradation.

Measurements of post-fire sediment erosion, transport, and deposition collected within 2 years of a wildfire were compiled from the published literature (1927–2007) for sites across the western United States. Annual post-fire sediment yields were computed and grouped into four measurement methods (hillslope point and plot measurements, channel measurements of suspended-sediment and sediment erosion or deposition volumes). Post-fire sediment yields for each method were then grouped into eight different rainfall regimes. Mean sediment yield from channels (240 t ha–1) was significantly greater than from hillslopes (82 t ha–1). This indicated that on the time scale of wildfire (10–100 years) channels were the primary sources of available sediment. A lack of correlation of sediment yield with topographic slope and soil erodibility further suggested that sediment availability may be more important than slope or soil erodibility in predicting post-fire sediment yields. The maximum post-fire sediment yields were comparable to long-term sediment yields from major rivers of the world. Based on 80 years of data from the literature, wildfires have been an important geomorphic agent of landscape change when linked with sufficient rainfall. These effects are limited in spatial scale to the immediate burned area and to downstream channel corridors.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relative perceived effectiveness of 30 antidrug public service announcements (PSAs) and assessed the extent to which judgments of effectiveness are related to judgments of realism, amount learned, and positive and negative emotional responses. METHODS: Data were obtained from 3608 students in grades 5 through 12 in 10 schools. The ethnically diverse sample was 50.8% male. Students in 5 experimental conditions viewed sets of 6 antidrug PSAs and filled out a brief evaluation questionnaire following each PSA. Those in the control condition viewed a non-drug-related television program. RESULTS: The relative perceived effectiveness of the 30 PSAs varied considerably. Sixteen were rated as significantly more effective, and 6 as significantly less effective, than the control program. Relative rated effectiveness was highly related to realism (r =.87), amount learned (r =.88), negative emotion (r =.87), and positive emotion (r = -.35). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluative research is necessary to prevent broadcast of PSAs that could have a negative impact. PSAs should point out the negative consequences of drug use behavior rather than telling adolescents to "just say no."

Dalam sebuah penelitian ilmiah, dibutukan adanya suatu kajian pustaka (literature review). Sebuah kajian pustaka dianggap penting karena digunakan sebagai landasan dalam penyusunan laporan penelitian dan merupakan langkah pencegahan terhadap adanya duplikasi dari sebuah penelitian. Literatur dapat diperoleh dengan menerapkan beberapa cara seperti membaca, memahami, menelaah, mengkritik atau mereview literatur yang diperoleh dari sumber-sumber tertentu. Melakukan analisa, sintesis, membuat ringkasan, membandingkan antara hasil-hasil penelitian, serta membuat kajian pustaka merupakan beberapa hal penting yang dapat dilakukan oleh seorang peneliti untuk bisa menemukan tujuan dan menguraikan proses terjadinya penelitan tersebut. Adanya penerapan kajian pustaka di dalam sebuah penelitian ilmiah adalah agar bisa tercapai hasil penelitian yang berkualitas. Tulisan ini menerapakan metode deskriptif kualitatif berjenis penelitian berupa studi kepustakaan (library research) yakni mengumpulkan informasi ataupun karya tulis ilmiah yang memiliki hubungan dengan literature review yang bersifat kepustakaan. Penelitian deskriptif dan kualitatif yang dikombinasikan kemudian disebut juga sebagai penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan utama dari adanya penelitian ini adalah agar pembaca dapat memahami pentingnya penerapan literature review pada penelitian ilmiah secara komprehensif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan kajian pustaka menjadi sangat penting karena digunakan sebagai landasan serta mempertegas ide dari seorang peneliti. Umumnya, pustaka yang dikaji haruslah pustaka yang berasal dari sumber aslinya. Penelti dan kajian pustaka adalah sebuah kesinambungan yang terus berhubungan. Ini dikarenakan kajian pustaka merupakan rangkaian konsep, definisi, dan proposisi yang dipergunakan demi mengamati suatu peristiwa secara sistematik dengan cara melakukan spesifikasi hubungan antara variabel utama penelitian yang menyebabkan fenomena yang sedang menjadi objek penelitian dapat dijelaskan atau diramalkan

&lt;p&gt;Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sikap serta kendala atau masalah yang dihadapi siswa terhadap mata pelajaran fisika di SMA Kabupaten Batanghari. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif kuantitatif menggunakan prosedur penelitian survei dengan instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket dan wawancara. Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu 926 siswa di lima SMA Kabupaten Batanghari. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan descriptive statistic sedangkan untuk data kualitatif menggunakan teknik analisis data model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil dari 4 indikator yang didiskusikan pada penelitian ini, pada Indikator implikasi sosial terhadap fisika sebanyak 54.3 % berkategori baik. Untuk indikator adopsi dari sikap ilmiah sebesar 61.2% berkategori baik. Kemudian pada indikator kesenangan dalam belajar fisika sebesar 55.5% berkategori cukup. Sedangkan pada indikator ketertarikan berkarir dibidang fisika sebanyak 57.9% siswa berkategori cukup.&lt;/p&gt;

SUMMARY The neuropsychological performances, outcome of epilepsy and MRI topography of tubers of 23 children with tuberous sclerosis were reviewed. Seven children had normal intelligence, 10 had mental retardation, and six mental retardation and autism. An adverse association was found between the number of lesions and IQ, behaviour and severity of epilepsy. Posterior lesions, in addition to frontal‐lobe dysfunction, were observed in children with autism. Tuberous sclerosis with well‐defined cerebral lesions may represent a model for the relationship between different neuropsychiatric problems. RÉSUMÉ Aspects neuropsychologiques de la sclérose tubéreuse: relations avec l'épilepsie et les données IRM Les performances neuropsychologiques, le devenir de l'épilepsie et la topographie IRM des tubers chez 23 enfants présentant une sclérose tubéreuse ont été déterminés. Sept enfants avaient une intelligence normale, dix avaient un retard mental, et six un retard mental avec autisme. Une correlation inverse a été trouvée entre le nombre de lésions et le QI, le comportement et la gravité de l'épilepsie. Des lésions postérieures, associées à une dysfonctionnement du lobe frontal, ont été observées chez les enfants avec autisme. La sclérose tubéreuse avec lésions cérébrales bien définies peut représenter un modèle de la relation existant entre les différents problèmes neuropsychiatriques. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Neurophysiologische Aspekte der tuberösen Hirnsklerose: Relation zu Epilepsie und MRI Befunden Bei 23 Kinder mit tuberöser Hirnsklerose wurden die neurophysiologischen Leistungen, der Epilepsiebefund und die Topographie der tuberösen Veränderungen im MRI untersucht. Sieben Kinder hatten eine normale Intelligenz, 10 eine geistige Retardierung und sechs eine geistigen Retardierung mit Autismus. Es fand sich eine negative Beziehung zwischen der Anzahl der Läsionen und dem IQ, dem Verhalten und dem Schweregrad der Epilepsie. Bei Kindern mit Autismus wurden posteriore Läsionen in Verbindung mit Dysfunktionen im Frontallappen beobachtet. Die tuberöse Sklerose mit genau definierten Hirnläsionen kann als Modell dienen für Beziehungen zwischen Morphologie und verschiedenen neuropsychiatrischen Störungen. RESUMEN Aspectos neuropsicológicos de la esclerosis tuberosa en relación con la epilepsia y los hallazgos de la IRM Se revisaron las características neuropsicológicas, el curso de la epilepsia y la topografía de los tuberomas en la IRM en 23 niños con esclerosis tuberosa. Siete niños tenian una intelligencia normal, 10 tenian un retraso mental y seis retraso mental y autismo. Se halló una asociacion adversa entre el número de lesiones y el CI, el comportamiento y la gravedad de la epilepsia. En niños con autismo se observaron lesiones posteriores, además de la disfunción del lóbulo frontal La esclerosis tuberosa con lesiones cerebrales bien definidas puede representar un modelo de las relaciones entre diferentes problemas neuropsiquiátricos.

Scientific literacy is the ability which must be owned by the students to analyze and apply the concept of science in solving daily life problem. This research aims to know the correlation between scientific literacy and science learning achievement at State Junior High Schools. This research used a quantitative approach with correlational type. The population of this research were 428 grade IX students at State Junior High Schools within the District of Jaluko Muaro Jambi. The samples was 138 students. The technique of selecting samples was random sampling. The instruments used were the test of science literacy and the test of science learning achievement. Hypothesis test was conducted by using rank spearman correlation test with the assistance of SPSS 21. The results show the average score of scientific literacy is 33.7 (medium category) and the average score of science learning achievement is 21.5 (very low category). The result of the correlation test obtains Sig value 0.00 then H&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; is rejected. It can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between scientific literacy and science learning achievement at State Junior High School within Muaro Jambi District. Science learning is expected to develop students’ science literacy so that it can improve science learning achievement.