Lampung University

Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an interdisciplinary study of the environmental, social and economic consequences of land-use transitions in a tropical smallholder landscape on Sumatra, Indonesia. We find widespread biodiversity-profit trade-offs resulting from land-use transitions from forest and agroforestry systems to rubber and oil palm monocultures, for 26,894 aboveground and belowground species and whole-ecosystem multidiversity. Despite variation between ecosystem functions, profit gains come at the expense of ecosystem multifunctionality, indicating far-reaching ecosystem deterioration. We identify landscape compositions that can mitigate trade-offs under optimal land-use allocation but also show that intensive monocultures always lead to higher profits. These findings suggest that, to reduce losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, changes in economic incentive structures through well-designed policies are urgently needed.

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). In 2020, a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was spread, called a disease called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus was discovered in Wuhan, China for the first time and has infected 90,308 people as of March 2, 2020. The number of deaths reached 3,087 people or 6%, the number of patients recovering 45,726 people. This type of single positive RNA strain infects the human respiratory tract and is sensitive to heat and can effectively be activated by chlorine-containing disinfectants. The source of the host is thought to come from animals, especially bats, and other vectors such as bamboo rats, camels and ferrets. Common symptoms include fever, cough and difficulty breathing. Clinical syndrome is divided into uncomplicated, mild pneumonia and severe pneumonia. Specimen examination is taken from the throat swab (nasopharynx and oropharynx) and lower airway (sputum, bronchial rinse, endotracheal aspirate). Isolation was carried out on patients proven to be infected with Covid-19 to prevent wider spread. Abstrak: Penyakit Virus Corona (Covid-19) tahun 2020 merebak virus baru coronavirus jenis baru (SARS-CoV-2) yang penyakitnya disebut Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus ini ditemukan di Wuhan, China pertama kali dan sudah menginfeksi 90.308 orang per tanggal 2 Maret 2020. Jumlah kematian mencapai 3.087 orang atau 6%, jumlah pasien yang sembuh 45.726 orang. Virus jenis RNA strain tunggal positif ini menginfeksi saluran pernapasan manusia dan bersifat sensitif terhadap panas dan secara efektif dapat diinaktifkan oleh desinfektan mengandung klorin. Sumber host diduga berasal dari hewan terutama kelelawar, dan vektor lain seperti tikus bambu, unta dan musang. Gejala umum berupa demam, batuk dan sulit bernapas. Sindrom klinik terbagi menjadi tanpa komplikasi, pneumonia ringan dan pneumonia berat. Pemeriksaan spesimen diambil dari swab tenggorok (nasofaring dan orofaring) dan saluran napas bawah (sputum, bilasan bronkus, aspirat endotrakeal). Isolasi dilakukan pada pasien terbukti terinfeksi Covid-19 untuk mencegah penyebaran lebih luas.

Society 5.0 adalah masyarakat yang dapat menyelesaikan berbagai tantangan dan permasalahan sosial dengan memanfaatkan berbagai inovasi yang lahir di era Revolusi industri 4.0 seperti Internet on Things (internet untuk segala sesuatu), Artificial Intelligence (kecerdasan buatan), Big Data (data dalam jumlah besar), dan robot untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia. Era ini menjadi peluang sekaligus tantangan baru bagi siswa untuk meningkatkan soft skill sebagai persiapan di masa yang akan datang. Telah diketahui secara bersama bahwa kurikulum merupakan “nyawa” dalam pendidikan. Kurikulum hendaknya perlu dievaluasi secara dinamis dan berkala mengikuti perkembangan zaman terutama IPTEK. Kurikulum juga disusun dengan memperhatikan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dan lulusan. Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar merupakan salah satu kebijakan baru Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia (Kemendikbud Ristek RI) yang ditujukan untuk mewujudkan proses pembelajaran yang inovatif dan mengikuti kebutuhan siswa (student-centered). Era Society 5.0 berlangsung pada Abad 21 yang dimana merupakan kejayaan dunia digital. Model pembelajaran abad ke-21 juga menuntut siswa untuk mencapai keterampilan 4C yaitu critical thinking, communication, colaboration, and creativity. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini didapat dari kajian beberapa literatur. Hasilnya menjelaskan bagaimana relevansi kurikulum merdeka belajar dengan model pembelajaran abad ke 21 di perkembangan era society 5.0.

Masalah anak pendek (stunting) adalah salah satu permasalahan gizi yang menjadi fokus Pemerintah Indonesia, Stunting adalah status gizi yang didasarkan pada indeks PB/U atau TB/U dimana dalam standar antropometri penilaian status gizi anak, hasil pengukuran tersebut berada pada ambang batas (Z-Score) <-2 SD sampai dengan -3 SD (pendek) dan <-3 SD (sangat pendek). Stunting yang telah tejadi bila tidak diimbangi dengan catch-up growth (tumbuh kejar) mengakibatkan menurunnya pertumbuhan, masalah stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risiko kesakitan, kematian dan hambatan pada pertumbuhan baik motorik maupun mental. Melihat akan bahaya yang ditimbulkan akibat stunting, Pemerintah Indonesia berkomitmen menangani dan menurunkan Prevalensi stunting yang dibahas melalui rapat terbatas tentang Intervensi stunting yang di selenggarakan bersama ketua Tim Nasional Percepatan Penaggulangan Kemiskinan pada tahun 2017, bahwa pada rapat tersebut membahas tentang perlunya memperkuat koordinasi dan memperluas cakupan program yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian/Lembaga (K/L) terkait, untuk memperbaiki kualitas program guna menurunkan angka stunting disetiap wilayah yang sudah masuk kedalam desa prioritas. Dan juga untuk mengkaji kebijakan Fokus Gerakan perbaikan gizi ditujukan kepada kelompok 1000 hari pertama kehidupan, pada tatanan global disebut Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN)

Plant specialized metabolites are chemically highly diverse, play key roles in host-microbe interactions, have important nutritional value in crops and are frequently applied as medicines. It has recently become clear that plant biosynthetic pathway-encoding genes are sometimes densely clustered in specific genomic loci: biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, we introduce plantiSMASH, a versatile online analysis platform that automates the identification of candidate plant BGCs. Moreover, it allows integration of transcriptomic data to prioritize candidate BGCs based on the coexpression patterns of predicted biosynthetic enzyme-coding genes, and facilitates comparative genomic analysis to study the evolutionary conservation of each cluster. Applied on 48 high-quality plant genomes, plantiSMASH identifies a rich diversity of candidate plant BGCs. These results will guide further experimental exploration of the nature and dynamics of gene clustering in plant metabolism. Moreover, spurred by the continuing decrease in costs of plant genome sequencing, they will allow genome mining technologies to be applied to plant natural product discovery. The plantiSMASH web server, precalculated results and source code are freely available from http://plantismash.secondarymetabolites.org.

Four novel steroidal alkaloids named cortistatins A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) consisting of a 9(10-19)-abeo-androstane and isoquinoline skeleton have been isolated from the marine sponge Corticium simplex. The absolute stereostructures of 1-4 were elucidated by detailed 2D NMR, CD, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Cortistatins A-D inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with high selectivity. Among the four substances, cortistatin A (1) showed the strongest anti-proliferative activity (IC50 = 0.0018 muM) against HUVECs, in which the selective index was more than 3000-fold in comparison with that of normal fibroblast or several tumor cell lines.

Summary 1. Termites are major decomposers in tropical regions and play an important role in soil processes. This study measured the impact of land‐use intensification on the termite assemblage of lowland rain forest in Jambi Province, on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Termite composition was assessed in seven land‐use types along a disturbance gradient, from primary forest, through different silvicultural systems, to grassland and cultivated land without trees. A range of environmental variables was also measured. 2. Termite species richness and relative abundance declined as follows: primary forest > selectively logged forest > mature ‘jungle rubber’ (a diverse agro‐forest dominated by rubber trees) > mature rubber plantation > young Paraserianthes falcataria plantation (a softwood tree) > Imperata cylindrica grassland > cassava garden. Termite richness fell from 34 species in the primary forest to one species in the cassava garden. The relative abundance of soil‐feeding termites showed a significantly greater decline along the gradient than did wood‐feeding termites. 3. Of the environmental variables, woody plant basal area was most strongly correlated with termite species richness ( r = 0·973) and relative abundance ( r = 0·980). This reflects the response of forest‐adapted termites to progressive simplification of the physical structure of the habitat, resulting in the reduction of canopy cover and alteration in microclimate, and the loss of feeding and nesting sites. 4. Synthesis and applications . Comparisons with other studies show that the decline in termite species richness and relative abundance seen at Jambi is a general trend that occurs elsewhere when forests are converted to other land uses. To help mitigate the loss of termites when forests are disturbed, we recommend the following management practices: the use of reduced‐impact logging techniques, maximizing forest patch size and connectivity, minimizing length of forest edges, and leaving dead wood to decay in situ .

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using the LMS-Google Classroom-based Flipped-Problem Based Learning model in the process of learning mathematics in high schools in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.In this study also saw the interaction between the level of Prior Mathematics Ability (PMA) of students with the application of flipped-problem based learning models based on LMS-Google Classroom. PMA students consist of high, medium and low. The Flipped-Problem Based Learning Model based on LMS-Google Classroom is a learning model that combines digital class-based learning and face-to-face learning. This research is quasi-experiment research with pre-test post-test control group design. The sample in this study was the second level high school students from two schools totaling 62 people. The results of the study were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 with Two-way ANAVA Test and Post Hoc-LSD Test. Based on the analysis test, it was found that the average mathematics learning outcomes of students taught using the Flipped-Problem Based Learning model based on Google Classroom LMS experienced a significant increase compared to conventional learning. The results of the questionnaire in learning also obtained results that students at the second level of high school felt enthusiastic, motivated and eager to take part in learning in the classroom. Digital-based learning with the model of Flipped-Problem Based Learning based on LMS-Google Classroom provides a new experience for second-level students in High School in participating in mathematics learning both in class and outside the classroom.

TIMMS and PISA survey results illustrate that the indonesian student's ability to think scientifically is low. It is because of students are less trained in solving HOTS. Then, lack or unavailability the assessment instrument designed to train HOTS, so it is necessary to develop the assessment instrument of HOTS. Model adapt the model development of Borg & Gall. The purpose of thisresearchare to determine the indicators and the effectiveness of the HOTS assessment instrument as assessment for learning for a high school students. The assessment instrument was developed based on HOTS indicators include the ability to analyze (C4), evaluate (C5), and create (C6). Results of the research are: (1) indicator of the ability to analyze (C4) which has been developed are ability to analysis of factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge; (2) indicator of the ability to evaluate (C5) which has been developed are ability to evaluate of factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge; (3) Indicator of the ability to create (C6) that has been developed are ability to create of conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge; (4) the HOTS assessment instrument as assessment for learning is effective to train student's HOTS and effective measure student's thinking skills in accordance with the level of each student's thinking.

Initial public offerings (IPOs) have been a prominent focus of academic and popular press attention, especially in recent years. Much of this attention can be attributed to the increase in IPO activity as a function of the “dot com” phenomenon. Of particular interest to both academics and practitioners is IPO underpricing. Review of existing research suggests little consensus regarding those factors associated with underpricing. We provide a meta–analysis of published studies. Our findings reveal a number of significant relationships, many of which are opposite that predicted by signaling theory. Implications of these findings for practice and future research are discussed.

An electric vehicle powered by fuel cells (FCs) gives far more promising performance. An FC is a clean energy source and has a high energy-storage capability. However, an FC has a slow dynamic response. A secondary power source is needed during start-up and transient conditions. An ultracapacitor can be used as a secondary power source to improve the performance and efficiency of the overall system. Several methods have been devised to connect an energy-storage device to an FC. This paper presents a converter system for connecting an ultracapacitor as secondary energy storage to an FC electric-vehicle system. A bidirectional dc-dc converter is used for interfacing ultracapacitor energy storage to an FC system. The controller of the converter system was designed and implemented based on dynamic evolution control. The performance of the proposed dynamic evolution control is tested through simulation and experiment. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed techniques are suitable for controlling bidirectional dc-dc converters.

This study compares the vocabulary of a single Economics text of almost 300,000 running words with the vocabulary of a corpus of similar length made up of a variety of academic texts. It was found that the general academic corpus used a very much larger vocabulary than the more focused Economics text. A small number of words that were closely related to the topic of the text occurred with very high frequency in the Economics text. The general academic corpus had a very large number of low frequency words. Beyond the words in West's General Service List and the University Word List, there was little overlap between the vocabulary of the two corpora. This indicates that as far as vocabulary is concerned, EAP courses that go beyond the high frequency academic vocabulary are of little value for learners with specific purposes.

The purpose of this study was to describe numeracy literacy in the thematic learning of senior elementary school students. This writing is done through literature study. The object of this research is numeracy literacy and thematic learning. The research subjects were elementary school upper class students. The data collection tool in this research is to search journals contained in several electronic media such as digital libraries, the internet, through Google Scholar. The data analysis technique used in this study was annotated bibliography analysis. The results showed that numeracy literacy in thematic learning of upper grade students of elementary school Numeracy literacy in thematic learning of upper grade elementary school students can be done by providing stimulus to students. To stimulate student curiosity, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, the capacity of school residents, and the capacity of stakeholders, a numeracy literacy work program twice a week before learning hours takes place, a mathematics and non-mathematics teacher training for thematic learning based on numeracy literacy is held, and fostering love reading to students and learning experiences that are fun while stimulating the imagination.

The location of a partial discharge (PD) source inside a transformer can be determined from the time differences of arrival (TDOA) between signals that are captured by an array of UHF sensors. The TDOA can be acquired from the received PD waveforms. In this paper, three different methods of acquiring the TDOA from the PD waveforms are discussed. The time difference can be calculated either by taking the first peak of the signal as the arrival instant, or from the cross-correlation of the PD waveforms, or by applying the similarity function to the plots of the PD signals cumulative energy. Computation algorithms for determining the TDOA automatically are introduced so that possible bias from human interpretation is avoided. The presence of noise and its effect on the accuracy of the PD localization will also be presented. Experimental results show the first-peak method has higher accuracy than the two other methods. The application of signal denoising further improves the localization accuracy.

After cellulose, lignin is the most commonly used natural polymer in green biomaterials. Pulp and paper mills and emerging cellulosic biorefineries are the main sources of technical lignin. However, only 2–5% of lignin has been converted into biomaterials. Making lignin-based polymer biocomposites to replace petroleum-based composites has piqued the interest of many researchers worldwide due to the positive environmental impact of traditional composites over time. In composite development, lignin is being used as a filler in commercial polymers to improve biodegradability and possibly lower production costs. As a natural polymer, lignin may have different properties depending on the isolation method and source, affecting polymer-based composites. The application has been affected by the characteristics of lignin and the uniform distribution of lignin in polymers. The review’s goal was to provide an overview of technical lignin extraction, properties, and its potential appropriate utilization. It was also planned to revisit the lignin-based composites’ preparation procedure as well as their composite characteristics. Solvent casting and extrusion methods are used to fabricate lignin from polymeric matrices such as polypropylene, epoxy, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, starch, wood fiber, natural rubber, and chitosan. Packaging, biomedical materials, automotive, advanced biocomposites, flame retardant, and other applications for lignin-based composites has existed. As a result, the technology is still being refined to increase the performance of lignin-based biocomposites in several applications. This review could assist explain lignin’s position as a composite additive, which could lead to more efficient processing and application strategies.

AbstractPublic service is a measure of the performance of the government's most visible. Communities can directly assess the government's performance based on the service they received. For the quality of public services in all ministries / institutions is a fundamental thing that must be improved. Improved public services, the Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform policy that since 2014 was a year of public service innovation. All government agencies, both at central and local levels is expected to make a creative idea or an answer to how to work / public service method. Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform collect and assess the innovations that have been made in a number of agencies across Indonesia. Hopefully the quality and innovation of public services BPS can always be increased, so that it can continue to compete fairly with other agencies. Keywords: Innovation, Public Services, Local Government AbstrakPelayanan publik merupakan suatu tolok ukur kinerja pemerintah yang paling kasat mata. Masyarakat dapat menilai langsung kinerja pemerintah berdasarkan pelayanan yang diterimanya. Untuk itu kualitas pelayanan publik di semua kementerian/lembaga adalah suatu hal yang mendasar yang harus segera ditingkatkan. Peningkatan pelayanan publik, Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi (KemenPAN RB) menerapkan kebijakan bahwa sejak tahun 2014 adalah tahun inovasi pelayanan publik. Seluruh instansi pemerintah, baik di pusat maupun daerah diharapkan dapat membuat suatu ide kreatif atau jawaban terhadap cara kerja/metode pelayanan publik. KemenPAN RB mengumpulkan dan menilai inovasi-inovasi yang telah dilakukan di sejumlah instansi di seluruh Indonesia. Semoga kualitas dan inovasi pelayanan publik BPS dapat selalu meningkat, sehingga bisa terus bersaing secara sehat dengan instansi lain. Kata Kunci: Inovasi, Pelayanan Publik, Pemerintah Daerah

Values education is at the core of Islamic religious education, because the purpose of value education is to educate human behavior in the teachings of Islam better known by educating noble morals based on Al-Quran and Hadith. Through value education, the objectives, materials, methods, evaluation activities, and educators in Islamic religious education should support the achievement of the value of education goals. Implementation of values education in Islamic religious education can help learners become human beings who understand the values of their religious teachings and apply these values in their daily lives, so that any negative effects of changing times can be anticipated learners better.

Abstract: Despite intensive recent research on the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on bird populations, our understanding of underlying demographic causes of population declines is limited. We reviewed avian demography in relation to habitat fragmentation. Then, through a meta‐analysis, we compared specific demographic responses by forest birds to habitat fragmentation, providing a general perspective of factors that make some species and populations more vulnerable to fragmentation than others. We obtained data from the scientific literature on dispersal, survival, fecundity, and nesting success of birds. Birds were divided into subgroups on the basis of region, nest site, biogeographical history, and migration strategy. Species most sensitive to fragmentation were ground‐ or open‐nesters nesting in shrubs or trees. Residents were equally sensitive to fragmentation in the Nearctic and Palearctic regions, but Nearctic migrants were more sensitive than Palearctic migrants. Old World species were less sensitive than New World species, which was predicted based on the history of forest fragmentation on these two continents. Pairing success was the variable most associated with fragmentation, suggesting an important role of dispersal. Fledgling number or condition, timing of nesting, and clutch size were not associated with sensitivity to fragmentation, suggesting that negative fragmentation effects on birds do not generally result from diminished food resources with increasing level of fragmentation. Future studies on demographic responses of birds to habitat fragmentation would be more effective if based on a combination of measures that can distinguish among the demographic mechanisms underlying population changes related to habitat fragmentation.

Abstract Despite the growing interest in exploring the cash holding aspects among scholars, systematic reviews and comprehensive evaluation in this area has been limited. Also, there is only a fragmented understanding about how the cash holdings concept is formed among researchers and experts. We fill this gap in the literature by identifying and evaluating the research development of cash holdings topic. Using 874 articles from the Scopus database that were published between 1947 and early 2020, bibliometric and content analyses were employed to assess the patterns of global cash holdings research. We find that previous studies have substantially enriched our knowledge of the antecedents and consequences of cash holdings. Yet, there are still several opportunities to make significant contributions in this area. The contribution of this research is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the development of cash holdings research (using a sizeable archival database). It identifies the current joint development and potential opportunities for future work directions on cash holdings association with payout policy, corporate social responsibility, and corporate governance. Our results are likely to be of interest to academics, practitioners, and educators in related business and finance fields.

This study further Investigate the influence of Islamic work ethic on intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance. It uses a sample of 149 employees of Islamic banking in Bandar Lampung in Indonesia. Empirical results show that the Islamic work ethic greater effect on intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment than their effects on job satisfaction and job performance. Furthermore, empirical results suggest job satisfaction and intrinsic motivation moderates the relationship of the Islamic work ethic on organizational commitment and job performance. Implication and limitations are discussed.