Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

IMPORTANCE: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused major changes in almost all aspects of life, one of which is the education system. Changes in the education system make it difficult for students to receive the material, especially students at the Elementary School and Kindergarten levels, because learning that is usually done conventionally turns into distance-learning or done online, the implementation of which cannot be separated from the use of technology information. This journal aims to examine the role of technology in the implementation of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, besides that it also examines the challenges of education during the Covid-19 pandemic using descriptive-analytical literature methods. The results and conclusions in this paper show that technology has an important role in the implementation of learning, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic like today. Technology plays a role as a medium in making interactions between educators and students in the implementation of online learning. In addition, technology also plays a role in facilitating educators to deliver learning material so that learning continues even though it is not done face to face. In the implementation of online learning, of course, there are obstacles that become challenges for educations actors, related to academic culture, including values, attitudes, knowledge, skills, and readiness of technology-related facilities and infrastructure. The implementation of literacy and training related to the use of technology can be a solution to facing some of the challenges of online learning during the current Covid-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to quantify health loss due to diseases, injuries, and associated risk factors. This paper presents GBD 2023 findings on disease and injury burden and risk-attributable health loss, offering a global audit of the state of world health to inform public health priorities. This work captures the evolving landscape of health metrics across age groups, sexes, and locations, while reflecting on the remaining post-COVID-19 challenges to achieving our collective global health ambitions. METHODS: The GBD 2023 combined analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 375 diseases and injuries, and risk-attributable burden associated with 88 modifiable risk factors. Of the more than 310 000 total data sources used for all GBD 2023 (about 30% of which were new to this estimation round), more than 120 000 sources were used for estimation of disease and injury burden and 59 000 for risk factor estimation, and included vital registration systems, surveys, disease registries, and published scientific literature. Data were analysed using previously established modelling approaches, such as disease modelling meta-regression version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1) and comparative risk assessment methods. Diseases and injuries were categorised into four levels on the basis of the established GBD cause hierarchy, as were risk factors using the GBD risk hierarchy. Estimates stratified by age, sex, location, and year from 1990 to 2023 were focused on disease-specific time trends over the 2010-23 period and presented as counts (to three significant figures) and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years (to one decimal place). For each measure, 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs] were calculated with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile ordered values from a 250-draw distribution. FINDINGS: Total numbers of global DALYs grew 6·1% (95% UI 4·0-8·1), from 2·64 billion (2·46-2·86) in 2010 to 2·80 billion (2·57-3·08) in 2023, but age-standardised DALY rates, which account for population growth and ageing, decreased by 12·6% (11·0-14·1), revealing large long-term health improvements. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) contributed 1·45 billion (1·31-1·61) global DALYs in 2010, increasing to 1·80 billion (1·63-2·03) in 2023, alongside a concurrent 4·1% (1·9-6·3) reduction in age-standardised rates. Based on DALY counts, the leading level 3 NCDs in 2023 were ischaemic heart disease (193 million [176-209] DALYs), stroke (157 million [141-172]), and diabetes (90·2 million [75·2-107]), with the largest increases in age-standardised rates since 2010 occurring for anxiety disorders (62·8% [34·0-107·5]), depressive disorders (26·3% [11·6-42·9]), and diabetes (14·9% [7·5-25·6]). Remarkable health gains were made for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, with DALYs falling from 874 million (837-917) in 2010 to 681 million (642-736) in 2023, and a 25·8% (22·6-28·7) reduction in age-standardised DALY rates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DALYs due to CMNN diseases rose but returned to pre-pandemic levels by 2023. From 2010 to 2023, decreases in age-standardised rates for CMNN diseases were led by rate decreases of 49·1% (32·7-61·0) for diarrhoeal diseases, 42·9% (38·0-48·0) for HIV/AIDS, and 42·2% (23·6-56·6) for tuberculosis. Neonatal disorders and lower respiratory infections remained the leading level 3 CMNN causes globally in 2023, although both showed notable rate decreases from 2010, declining by 16·5% (10·6-22·0) and 24·8% (7·4-36·7), respectively. Injury-related age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 15·6% (10·7-19·8) over the same period. Differences in burden due to NCDs, CMNN diseases, and injuries persisted across age, sex, time, and location. Based on our risk analysis, nearly 50% (1·27 billion [1·18-1·38]) of the roughly 2·80 billion total global DALYs in 2023 were attributable to the 88 risk factors analysed in GBD. Globally, the five level 3 risk factors contributing the highest proportion of risk-attributable DALYs were high systolic blood pressure (SBP), particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), smoking, and low birthweight and short gestation-with high SBP accounting for 8·4% (6·9-10·0) of total DALYs. Of the three overarching level 1 GBD risk factor categories-behavioural, metabolic, and environmental and occupational-risk-attributable DALYs rose between 2010 and 2023 only for metabolic risks, increasing by 30·7% (24·8-37·3); however, age-standardised DALY rates attributable to metabolic risks decreased by 6·7% (2·0-11·0) over the same period. For all but three of the 25 leading level 3 risk factors, age-standardised rates dropped between 2010 and 2023-eg, declining by 54·4% (38·7-65·3) for unsafe sanitation, 50·5% (33·3-63·1) for unsafe water source, and 45·2% (25·6-72·0) for no access to handwashing facility, and by 44·9% (37·3-53·5) for child growth failure. The three leading level 3 risk factors for which age-standardised attributable DALY rates rose were high BMI (10·5% [0·1 to 20·9]), drug use (8·4% [2·6 to 15·3]), and high FPG (6·2% [-2·7 to 15·6]; non-significant). INTERPRETATION: Our findings underscore the complex and dynamic nature of global health challenges. Since 2010, there have been large decreases in burden due to CMNN diseases and many environmental and behavioural risk factors, juxtaposed with sizeable increases in DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors and NCDs in growing and ageing populations. This long-observed consequence of the global epidemiological transition was only temporarily interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The substantially decreasing CMNN disease burden, despite the 2008 global financial crisis and pandemic-related disruptions, is one of the greatest collective public health successes known. However, these achievements are at risk of being reversed due to major cuts to development assistance for health globally, the effects of which will hit low-income countries with high burden the hardest. Without sustained investment in evidence-based interventions and policies, progress could stall or reverse, leading to widespread human costs and geopolitical instability. Moreover, the rising NCD burden necessitates intensified efforts to mitigate exposure to leading risk factors-eg, air pollution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG-including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet this can be only part of the solution. Our response to the NCD syndemic-the complex interaction of multiple health risks, social determinants, and systemic challenges-will define the future landscape of global health. To ensure human wellbeing, economic stability, and social equity, global action to sustain and advance health gains must prioritise reducing disparities by addressing socioeconomic and demographic determinants, ensuring equitable health-care access, tackling malnutrition, strengthening health systems, and improving vaccination coverage. We live in times of great opportunity. FUNDING: Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Anxiety is one of the major predictors of academic performance. Students with anxiety disorder display a passive attitude in their studies such as lack of interest in learning, poor performance in exams, and on assignments. This research observes the relationship between study anxiety level and students’ academic performance. The test to find out a significant correlation of anxiety and academic performance was has carried out among engineering students. A total 205 males and females student participated in this test. They were second year students from four engineering faculties at Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). The study anxiety level was measured using State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Meanwhile, students’ academic performance was measured using Grade Point Average (GPA). The results showed that there was a significant correlation of high level anxiety and low academic performance among engineering students, with significant correlation (p = 0.000) and the correlation coefficient is small with r = -.264. Large of sample size required to strengthen the coefficient correlation was suggested for further research.

Keberadaan Pandemi Covid-19 mengharuskan pemerintah Indonesia mengambil kebijakan sistem belajar di rumah di berbagai tingkat pendidikan. Kebijakan ini disertai dengan intruksi penerapan pembelajaran jarak jauh atau pembelajaranonline (daring). Untuk mempermudah pembelajaran online (daring) diperlukan media yang relevan, dengan menggunakan media aplikasi Quizizz yang bernilai edukasi diharapkan peserta didik dapat belajar dengan inovatif sehingga akan lebih mempermudah dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran di kelas.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan atau library research, yaitu membaca, menelaah, dan mengkaji buku-buku maupun tulisan-tulisan yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan.Berdasarkan penelitian hasil yang dapat dicapai dalam aplikasi Quizizz sebagai media pembelajaran, yakni :(1)Perhatian siswa dalam menggunakan handphone dalam proses pembelajaran, (2)Pemahaman siswa memahami soal secara mandiri(3) Keaktifan,baik bertanya mengenai materi maupun mengevaluasi dan mencatat materi. (4)Ketelitiansiswa terhadap soal dan manajemen waktu. (5) Ketenangan dalam mengerjakan soal atau kuis. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media aplikasi Quizizz sangat efektif digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.

The application of deep learning technology has increased rapidly in recent years. Technologies in deep learning increasingly emulate natural human abilities, such as knowledge learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. In general, deep learning can carry out self-training without repetitive programming by humans. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are deep learning algorithms commonly used in wide applications. CNN is often used for image classification, segmentation, object detection, video processing, natural language processing, and speech recognition. CNN has four layers: convolution layer, pooling layer, fully connected layer, and non-linear layer. The convolutional layer uses kernel filters to calculate the convolution of the input image by extracting the fundamental features. The pooling layer combines two successive convolutional layers. The third layer is the fully connected layer, commonly called the convolutional output layer. The activation function defines the output of a neural network, such as 'yes' or 'no'. The most common and popular CNN activation functions are Sigmoid, Tanh, ReLU, Leaky ReLU, Noisy ReLU, and Parametric Linear Units. The organization and function of the visual cortex greatly influence CNN architecture because it is designed to resemble the neuronal connections in the human brain. Some of the popular CNN architectures are LeNet, AlexNet and VGGNet.

The development of information technology which is increasingly rapid in the current era of globalization cannot be avoided anymore its impact on the world of education. Global demands require the world of education to always adjust technological developments to efforts to improve the quality of education, especially adjusting the use of information and communication technology for education, especially in the learning process. This research is a library research method. Educational technology is the application of scientific knowledge to learning, as a result of which learning objectives can be achieved effectively and efficiently, which are not only limited to tools and goods or hardware but also software, and brainware. In the development and utilization of learning technology there are still three basic principles, namely: 1) System approach, 2) Learner centered, 3) Utilization of learning resources as much as possible (utilizing learning resources). The results of the study illustrate that educational technology has a very crucial role in learning. So it can be said that the discovery of educational technology education is a unity that cannot be separated.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa terhadap e-learning dan berbagai aspek yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa saat menggunakan e-learning. Penelitian deskriptif ini dilakukan dengan teknik kuesioner terhadap mahasiswa pendidikan biologi FKIP UAD angkatan 2015 dan 2016 yang dipilih secara acak; dan teknik deskriptif digunakan sebagai alat analisisnya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, mahasiswa 98,8% mahasiswa mengetahui e-learning, 86,3% mendukung pelaksanaan e-learning, dan 77% menyatakan puas dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengana e-learning. Selaiin itu, menghasilkan persepsi mahasiswa e-learning bermanfaat, dapat meningkatkan motivasi, memudahkan memahami materi, membantu kesiapan dalam perkuliahan. Berdasarkan analisis e-learning dalam pengertian mahasiswa memiliki aksesibilitas yang tinggi yaitu 91%, dengan penggunaan ringan 83%. Penilaian baik Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap e-learning, memberikan peran yang besar dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan e-learning, yang dapat dilakukan dengan pola blendedlearning sebagai bentuk pembelajaran yang mengkolaborasikan e-learning dengan tatap muka.

Pengaruh Teknologi bagi Pendidikan. Seiring berjalannya waktu teknologi dalam dunia pendidikan mengalami berbagai perkembangan, dimana segala hal sudah memanfaatkan teknologi untuk mempermudah segala pekerjaannya, termasuk dalam dunia Pendidikan seperti sekarang semakin banyaknya sekolah menengah kejuruan yang di bangun itu menjadi bukti bahwa teknologi pendidikan yang ada di Indonesia semakin lama semakin maju, karena sekolah kejuruan mengunakan alat dan media dalam melakukan pembelajaran yang di lakukan disekolah. Teknologi menjadi sebuah alat pendukung yang digunakan dalam pendidikan untuk mempermudah guru dalam mengajar peserta didik dengan hasil yang ingin dicapai. Di masa seperti saat ini sering kita temui adanya penggunaan teknologi dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh seorang pendidik untuk mengajar atau pelajar atau mahasiswa untuk belajar. Namun dalam perkembangan teknologi yang modern ini juga bisa saja tidak hanya berdampak positif bagi pendidikan, tetapi juga membawa dampak negatif pada perubahan perilaku yang di lakukan oleh peserta didik yang bisa merusak norma, aturan pendidikan, dan moral dalam kehidupan sosial.

BACKGROUND: Timely and comprehensive analyses of causes of death stratified by age, sex, and location are essential for shaping effective health policies aimed at reducing global mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides cause-specific mortality estimates measured in counts, rates, and years of life lost (YLLs). GBD 2023 aimed to enhance our understanding of the relationship between age and cause of death by quantifying the probability of dying before age 70 years (70q0) and the mean age at death by cause and sex. This study enables comparisons of the impact of causes of death over time, offering a deeper understanding of how these causes affect global populations. METHODS: GBD 2023 produced estimates for 292 causes of death disaggregated by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2023. We used a modelling tool developed for GBD, the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to estimate cause-specific death rates for most causes. We computed YLLs as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. Probability of death was calculated as the chance of dying from a given cause in a specific age period, for a specific population. Mean age at death was calculated by first assigning the midpoint age of each age group for every death, followed by computing the mean of all midpoint ages across all deaths attributed to a given cause. We used GBD death estimates to calculate the observed mean age at death and to model the expected mean age across causes, sexes, years, and locations. The expected mean age reflects the expected mean age at death for individuals within a population, based on global mortality rates and the population's age structure. Comparatively, the observed mean age represents the actual mean age at death, influenced by all factors unique to a location-specific population, including its age structure. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 250-draw distribution for each metric. Findings are reported as counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2023 include a correction for the misclassification of deaths due to COVID-19, updates to the method used to estimate COVID-19, and updates to the CODEm modelling framework. This analysis used 55 761 data sources, including vital registration and verbal autopsy data as well as data from surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. For GBD 2023, there were 312 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 3 country-years of surveillance data, 51 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 144 country-years of other data types that were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS: The initial years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused shifts in long-standing rankings of the leading causes of global deaths: it ranked as the number one age-standardised cause of death at Level 3 of the GBD cause classification hierarchy in 2021. By 2023, COVID-19 dropped to the 20th place among the leading global causes, returning the rankings of the leading two causes to those typical across the time series (ie, ischaemic heart disease and stroke). While ischaemic heart disease and stroke persist as leading causes of death, there has been progress in reducing their age-standardised mortality rates globally. Four other leading causes have also shown large declines in global age-standardised mortality rates across the study period: diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, stomach cancer, and measles. Other causes of death showed disparate patterns between sexes, notably for deaths from conflict and terrorism in some locations. A large reduction in age-standardised rates of YLLs occurred for neonatal disorders. Despite this, neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of global YLLs over the period studied, except in 2021, when COVID-19 was temporarily the leading cause. Compared to 1990, there has been a considerable reduction in total YLLs in many vaccine-preventable diseases, most notably diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles. In addition, this study quantified the mean age at death for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and found noticeable variation by sex and location. The global all-cause mean age at death increased from 46·8 years (95% UI 46·6-47·0) in 1990 to 63·4 years (63·1-63·7) in 2023. For males, mean age increased from 45·4 years (45·1-45·7) to 61·2 years (60·7-61·6), and for females it increased from 48·5 years (48·1-48·8) to 65·9 years (65·5-66·3), from 1990 to 2023. The highest all-cause mean age at death in 2023 was found in the high-income super-region, where the mean age for females reached 80·9 years (80·9-81·0) and for males 74·8 years (74·8-74·9). By comparison, the lowest all-cause mean age at death occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where it was 38·0 years (37·5-38·4) for females and 35·6 years (35·2-35·9) for males in 2023. Lastly, our study found that all-cause 70q0 decreased across each GBD super-region and region from 2000 to 2023, although with large variability between them. For females, we found that 70q0 notably increased from drug use disorders and conflict and terrorism. Leading causes that increased 70q0 for males also included drug use disorders, as well as diabetes. In sub-Saharan Africa, there was an increase in 70q0 for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Additionally, the mean age at death from NCDs was lower than the expected mean age at death for this super-region. By comparison, there was an increase in 70q0 for drug use disorders in the high-income super-region, which also had an observed mean age at death lower than the expected value. INTERPRETATION: We examined global mortality patterns over the past three decades, highlighting-with enhanced estimation methods-the impacts of major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to broader trends such as increasing NCDs in low-income regions that reflect ongoing shifts in the global epidemiological transition. This study also delves into premature mortality patterns, exploring the interplay between age and causes of death and deepening our understanding of where targeted resources could be applied to further reduce preventable sources of mortality. We provide essential insights into global and regional health disparities, identifying locations in need of targeted interventions to address both communicable and non-communicable diseases. There is an ever-present need for strengthened health-care systems that are resilient to future pandemics and the shifting burden of disease, particularly among ageing populations in regions with high mortality rates. Robust estimates of causes of death are increasingly essential to inform health priorities and guide efforts toward achieving global health equity. The need for global collaboration to reduce preventable mortality is more important than ever, as shifting burdens of disease are affecting all nations, albeit at different paces and scales. FUNDING: Gates Foundation.

In everyday life we are used to dealing with technology, but it is different today. Since the covid-19 virus came to the world, especially the Indonesian state, Indonesian education has been carried out differently. During this pandemic, education was carried out by utilizing learning platforms that actually existed but were rarely used, but for now of course it is a new thing for some education circles because they are not familiar with technology in education. There are so many platforms that can be used for online learning that can be used by all educational institutions including children in elementary schools, namely there is a google classroom which is a form of e-learning that uses WebCT, YouTube, WAG, Edmodo, Zoom, Googlemeet and there are many other supporting applications. This study aims to determine the use of online learning technology during the Covid-19 pandemic using the Google classroom, YouTube, WAG, Edmodo, Zoom, and Googlemeet platforms. And the results of research using the interview method, literature and literature study show that technology has many roles and benefits in the world of education, especially when learning in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. By conducting interviews with teachers and students, it can be concluded that the learning media technology that is mostly used by elementary schools is WAG and also google classroom.Keywords: covid-19, platform google classroom, online learning, WAG.

In general, many people still view mathematics as a subject that is far from reality and culture in everyday life. Historically, in fact, mathematics is very close to daily life and was developed by humans in response to the surrounding phenomena. Indonesia has diverse cultures, including in Yogyakarta. This culture can be used to explore mathematical concepts as a transformational effort to bring mathematics closer to the reality and perception of its people. Besides, we can use culture as the basis of learning mathematics in schools. Therefore, this study seeks to explore a mathematical concept of geometry transformation in the Yogyakarta batik pattern. This is an ethnography study. The research data were collected through observations, literature studies, and interviews with the batik culture practitioner and artist to understand the batik techniques and moral, historical, and philosophical values in each batik motif. This study's results indicate that in Yogyakarta batik, it uses the concept of geometry transformation in the making of Yogyakarta's unique Batik motif. Besides that, each motif or pattern also contains local values. These, namely moral, historical, and philosophical values, can be felt, reflected, and applied in daily life, such as values that teach leadership, good deeds, and so on.

Mathematics is a form of culture integrated in all aspects of society, wherever there are, including the sundanese ethnic communities. This enables the mathematical concepts embedded in cultural practices and recognizes that all people develop a special way of doing mathematics called ethnomathematics activities. Sundanese ethnomathematics is mathematics in sundanese culture implemented in community activities. Sundanese ethnic sundanese people living in the area of West Java Indonesia, speaking sundanese language, and having activities reflecting sundanese culture. Sundanese ethnomathematics in this study has three activities, namely estimating, measuring, and making patterns appearing in the activities in term of kibik (a unit for measuring volume), bata (a unit for measuring surface area), and path pihuntuan (a model of cane work). DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.8.2.4055.185-198

Fikih Kebencanaan (Coping with Disaster) is a product of Muhammadiyah's ijtihad to respond to contemporary problems, especially geological and non-geological disasters, which later become the normative foundation for the mitigation of health disasters such as the Covid-19 pandemic. The paradigm of the present research is a transdisciplinary qualitative type with a phenomenological approach. The research analyzed the reasoning of Fikih Kebencanaan and its actualization in Covid-19 mitigation, the medical health movement and the reconstruction of fiqh of worship during an emergency in particular, and how to deal with the disaster theologically in general. The results showed that the reasoning of Fikih Kebencanaan was expanded in terms of medical, theological, and educational movements. Medical movement is a health movement in the form of providing 74 Covid-19 Standby Hospitals capable of accommodating 3917 patients or 36.15% of the total number of cases in Indonesia, followed by the distribution of masks, gloves, and foods to 401,209 Covid-19 affected victims. The theological movement was in the form of religious provision in which Muhammadiyah attempted to reconstruct classical Islamic jurisprudence of the rule of worship to adapt to an emergency. In contrast, the Indonesian Council of Ulema (MUI) applied zoning. The educative movement was a preventive effort to counter narration stemming from micro-celebrity Da'i (Islamic preacher) & Influencers (religious preachers) tried to circumvent religious provisions with their viral statements on social media. This effort was realized by developing neuroscience Islamic education with learning media in visualization that combined modern comics and contemporary cartoons with cinematic narratives. The neuroscience Islamic education movement tried not to use the dogmatic-monolithic approach as in classical education.

Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka dikeluarkan oleh Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, Nadiem Anwar Makarim. Kebijakan tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi lulusan, baik soft skills maupun hard skills , agar lebih siap dan relevan dengan kebutuhan zaman, menyiapkan lulusan sebagai pemimpin masa depan bangsa yang unggul dan berkepribadian. Program-program experiental learning dengan jalur yang fleksibel diharapkan akan dapat memfasilitasi mahasiswa mengembangkan potensinya sesuai dengan passion dan bakatnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskripsi. Data yang dianalisis ialah berupa Buku Panduan Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka terbitan Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (terbit tahun 2020) dan kegiatan pembelajaran di dalam Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, terutama pada TA 2019/2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka terwujud dalam delapan bentuk kegiatan pembelajaran, yaitu pertukaran pelajar, magang/praktik kerja, asistensi mengajar di satuan pendidikan, penelitian/riset, proyek kemanusiaan, kegiatan wirausaha, studi/proyek independen, dan membangun desa/kuliah kerja nyata tematik. Di Program Studi PBSI FKIP UAD, terdapat mata kuliah Penyuntingan yang mendorong mahasiswa untuk magang penyuntingan di penerbit Samudra Biru dan K-Media, mata kuliah KKN yang mendorong mahasiswa aktif membangun desa, dan mata kuliah Penelitian Bahasa, Penelitian Sastra, dan Penelitian Pendidikan yang mendorong mahasiswa melakukan penelitian. Kata kunci: Merdeka Belajar, Kampus Merdeka, Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia

This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the views and rationality of lecturers in using ChatGPT in learning by explaining how lecturers use it in learning and their reasons for choosing or not choosing the technology. In this study, lecturers will be interviewed and asked to share their experiences and views on it. The data collected will be analyzed and interpreted to gain a deeper understanding of how the use of ChatGPT affects learning and why lecturers choose or do not choose the technology. In the interview results, ChatGPT helps users in finding information, ideas, translating texts, and providing alternative questions to deepen the understanding of the material. It is important to consider and verify information with more reliable and accurate sources. The use of ChatGPT in learning can be an interesting and effective alternative, but users also need to remain critical and selective in utilizing it. In further research, more interviews and case studies need to be conducted to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the use of ChatGPT in learning. Although ChatGPT has limitations, respondents consider its use to improve productivity and learning efficiency. Therefore, the use of ChatGPT can be considered as an attractive alternative in learning, while maintaining a critical approach in utilizing it and verifying the information provided.

The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting academic processes around the world and the emergence of problems in students. School counsellors have a significant role in helping problems and developing student potential through counselling services with digital technology media. This study focuses on discovering various technologies that were applied and used by school counsellors in the process of counselling services during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used a case study method, and a qualitative descriptive method with totally subject 20 teacher professional education alumni worked as school counsellors in various islands in Indonesia. The research instrument used an open questionnaire with distribution through google form media and descriptive qualitative data analysis. The results of the study found that asynchronous media and technology-based synchronous media were the leading alternatives for online counselling services during the Covid-19 epidemic. The use of asynchronous media with WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram or social media, as well as synchronous media with Zoom, Webex, Google Meeting, or Hangout, can help solve problems and develop student potential. Recommendations for school counsellors to immediately adapt to the era of disruption and technology in counselling services. The following advice for the government is the administration of teacher and student welfare.

Hasil belajar siswa di MTs Donomulyo, Nanggulan, Kulonprogo masih rendah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya partisipasi aktif dan keterlibatan siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Guru perlu menerapkan metode pembelajaran yang dapat mendorong keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran. Metode problem based learning adalah salah satu metode yang dapat memenuhi harapan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode problem based learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII A semester 1 MTs Donomulyo, Nanggulan, Kulonprogo Tahun 2012/2013. Metode pengumpulan data yang diguanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode tes dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan aktivitas siswa dan hasil belajar setelah menerima pembelajaran dengan metode PBL. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat meningkatkan kegiatan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa.

By taking the role as a mentor and a facilitator, a teacher in the 4 th grade of elementary school needs to look at the condition of the students in the concrete thinking stage. Learning process needs to be adjusted such that the abstract objects in mathematics can be represented through concrete objects as a bridge to enter the knowledge that the students already had, especially for the material of fraction. This research aims to analyze the achievement and the improvement of students’ mathematics reasoning ability through the implementation of Indonesian realistic mathematics education (PMRI) approach. The research subject consisted of 51 students in the experiment group and 45 students in the control group which categorized into three levels (low, intermediate, and high). The result suggests that the achievement and the improvement of students’ reasoning ability in the mathematics learning using PMRI approach are better than the conventional learning. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.9.1.5049.41-54

This research is the exploration study to indicate the correlation between mathematics and Javanese culture. These studies have a purpose of exploring Javanese culture in Yogyakarta that contains mathematics concept namely Batik. The activity of society in making Batik in all regency at Yogyakarta is the focus of this study. The research use ethnography method. The technic to collection data uses principles in ethnography such as observation, interview, documentation, and field note making with the original ethnography description. The result is exploration ethnomathematics in the several motifs of Yogyakarta batik that contains philosophy, deep cultural value, and mathematics concept, especially geometry transform subject.